High Quality Pharmaceutical Raw Powder Acyclovir CAS 59277-89-3 with best price and fast delivery

Acyclovir More Info

Acyclovir, also known as aciclovir, is an antiviral medication primarily used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses, particularly the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is effective in managing conditions such as genital herpes, cold sores, shingles, and chickenpox. Acyclovir can be administered orally, topically, or intravenously depending on the severity of the infection.

Mechanism of Action

Acyclovir is a nucleoside analogue that mimics guanosine. Its mechanism involves several key steps:
Activation: Acyclovir is phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase to form acyclovir monophosphate.
Conversion: Host cell kinases further convert this monophosphate into acyclovir triphosphate (ACV-TP), which is the active form.
Inhibition of Viral DNA Polymerase: ACV-TP competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase, leading to the termination of viral DNA chain elongation when incorporated into the viral DNA.
Selectivity: The drug shows high selectivity for viral over cellular DNA polymerases due to its preferential phosphorylation by viral enzymes, which limits its effects on normal cells.

Applications

Herpes Simplex Virus Infections: Treatment of initial and recurrent genital herpes.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections: Management of shingles and chickenpox.
Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis: Used in immunocompromised patients post-transplant.
Severe Epstein-Barr Virus Complications: In specific cases.

Routes of Administration

Acyclovir can be administered through various routes:
Oral Tablets: For mild to moderate infections.
Topical Creams/Ointments: For localized herpes simplex infections.
Intravenous Injection: For severe infections or in immunocompromised patients.

Safety and Side Effects

Common Side Effects
While acyclovir is generally well-tolerated, common side effects may include:
Nausea
Diarrhea
Headaches
Dizziness
Fatigue.
Serious Side Effects
More serious side effects can occur, particularly with intravenous administration:
Renal Toxicity: Risk of crystalluria leading to kidney damage, especially if hydration is inadequate.
Neurological Effects: Symptoms such as tremors, confusion, seizures, or lethargy can occur in cases of overdose or rapid infusion.
Allergic Reactions: Hives, rash, swelling of the face or throat may indicate hypersensitivity.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption and Distribution
Acyclovir has poor oral bioavailability (15–30%) due to low solubility. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1–2 hours after oral administration. It distributes widely in body tissues and fluids.
Metabolism and Excretion
The drug is minimally metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted unchanged via the kidneys. The elimination half-life varies by age:
Neonates: ~4 hours
Children (1–12 years): 2–3 hours
Adults: ~3 hours.
Special Considerations
Dosage adjustments may be necessary for patients with renal impairment due to altered clearance rates.

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Suitable for more than 50kg 
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Company Profile

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