High Quality Veterinary Raw Material Florfenicol CAS 73231-34-2 with good price and fast delivery

Florfenicol More Info

Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic belonging to the phenicol class, widely used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections in livestock and aquaculture.

Mechanism of Action

Florfenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocking the enzyme peptidyl transferase. This action prevents the transfer of amino acids to the growing peptide chain, thereby halting protein formation essential for bacterial growth and replication. It shares a similar binding site and mechanism with chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol but has a broader spectrum and improved safety profile.

Applications

Veterinary Use:
Treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni.
Treatment of bovine interdigital phlegmon (foot rot) associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella melaninogenica.
Respiratory infections in swine caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Glaesserella parasuis, P. multocida, and Streptococcus suis.
Use in aquaculture for control of enteric septicemia in catfish.
Used in poultry in the EU for colibacillosis.
Use in horses is generally discouraged due to risk of severe diarrhea and colitis.

Safety and Side Effects

Toxicity: Florfenicol has a relatively wide safety margin but can cause adverse effects at high doses or prolonged use.
Common Side Effects: Injection site reactions, diarrhea (notably in horses), decreased appetite, and transient changes in blood parameters.
Serious Effects: Testicular atrophy and reduced sperm production observed in long-term high-dose studies in rodents; liver enzyme elevations and hematologic changes have been reported in toxicity studies.
Allergic Reactions: Possible in sensitive individuals; mild eye irritation reported in animal studies.
Species Sensitivity: Horses are particularly sensitive, with diarrhea and risk of fatal colitis; use should be avoided or limited to cases where no safer alternatives exist.
Environmental Considerations: Use in food-producing animals requires adherence to withdrawal times to avoid residues in meat or milk.

Routes of Administration

Intramuscular (IM) and Subcutaneous (SC) Injection: Common in livestock for systemic infections.
Oral: Used in medicated feeds, especially in aquaculture and some food animals.
Topical: Occasionally used in topical formulations, though less common.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Florfenicol is rapidly absorbed after IM or SC injection and oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations (C_max) reached within 1.5 to 6 hours depending on species and formulation.
Distribution: It distributes widely throughout the body, including into synovial fluid, skin, muscle, liver, kidney, gills, and intestine. The highest tissue concentrations and area under the curve (AUC) values are often observed in the intestine and gills in fish, indicating extensive tissue penetration.
Metabolism: Florfenicol is metabolized to florfenicol amine, an active metabolite, with metabolic rates varying by species.
Elimination: Mainly excreted via bile and urine. The half-life varies but generally supports dosing intervals of 12 to 24 hours depending on the animal species and formulation.

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