1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 85%Min White to light yellow powder RC00079

Manufacturer: Hangzhou Royalchem Co.,LTD.

Website:  www.cnroyalchem.com

Chemical Name:  1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one

Synonyms:

BIT

1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one

2,1-Benzisothiazol-3(1H)-one

Benzisothiazolinone

Proxel (Common trade name series)

BIT 20, BIT 20N, BIT 20DPG, BIT 10W (Common commercial forms)

CAS Number:  2634-33-5

EC Number:  220-120-4 

Molecular Formula:  C₇H₅NOS

Molecular Weight:  151.18 g/mol

Appearance:  Typically supplied as a  pale yellow or amber liquid  (in aqueous or solvent solutions like Proxel GXL, BD, XL2) or as an  off-white powder  (pure form or salt derivatives like BIT 20DPG - dipropylene glycol solution).

Odor:  Characteristic, often described as mild or faint.

Solubility:

Pure BIT:  Moderately soluble in water (~0.15% w/w at 20°C). Highly soluble in organic solvents like acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Commercial Solutions:  Supplied in forms designed for high water solubility or miscibility (e.g., aqueous solutions like Proxel XL2, solutions in glycols like Proxel GXL). 

Purity:  Commercial grades typically range from 95% to 99.5% for the active ingredient (BIT) depending on the specific product form.

Density:  Varies by formulation. Pure BIT density is approximately 1.38 g/cm³ at 20°C.

Melting Point:  Pure BIT melts around 158°C.

Boiling Point:  Decomposes before boiling.

Stability:

Thermal:  Relatively stable up to around 180°C.

pH:  Most stable in the pH range of 2 to 12. Degrades significantly above pH 12 and less effectively below pH 2.

Light:  Sensitive to UV light; formulations often include UV stabilizers.

Chemical:  Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and strong bases. Can react with nucleophiles like amines and sulfides. Incompatible with heavy metals. 

Primary Function:   Broad-spectrum industrial biocide/preservative.

Mode of Action:  Inhibits microbial metabolism by reacting with thiol (-SH) groups in enzymes and proteins essential for cell function.

Target Microorganisms:  Effective against a wide range of:

Bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative)

Yeasts

Molds (Fungi)

Key Applications (Industrial):

Paints, Coatings & Adhesives:  In-can preservation against spoilage.

Metalworking Fluids:  Preservation during use and storage.

Water Treatment:  Slimicide in cooling towers, paper mills, etc.

Personal Care & Cosmetics:  Preservation (subject to regional regulations and concentration limits).

Household & Institutional Cleaners:  Preservation.

Pulp & Paper:  Preservation of coatings and additives.

Polymer Emulsions:  Preservation (latex, acrylics).

Oilfield:  Biocide in drilling fluids and production systems.

Leather Processing:  Preservation of wet blue and wet white hides.

Typical Use Levels:  Vary greatly by application and required protection level. Generally in the range of  50 ppm to 1500 ppm  of active BIT in the final product/formulation.

Advantages:

Broad-spectrum efficacy.

Effective at low concentrations.

Good stability within pH range 2-12.

Relatively low volatility.

Compatible with many formulation types (especially in designed commercial forms).

Does not contain formaldehyde or release formaldehyde.

Disadvantages/Limitations:

Sensitive to UV light (requires stabilizers).

Reactivity with nucleophiles (amines, sulfides) can reduce efficacy.

Sensitive to reducing agents and strong oxidizers.

Potential skin sensitizer/irritant (requires careful handling).

Toxicity & Safety (Summary - ALWAYS consult SDS):

Acute Toxicity (Oral):  LD50 (rat) ~ 1400 mg/kg (Category 4).

Skin Irritation:  Can cause skin irritation (Category 2).

Eye Irritation:  Can cause serious eye irritation (Category 2A).

Skin Sensitization:  Known skin sensitizer (Category 1).

Aquatic Toxicity:  Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects (Chronic Cat. 1 / Acute Cat. 1).

Handling:  Requires appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): gloves, eye/face protection, protective clothing.

Regulatory Status:  Approved for use in many industrial applications worldwide. Subject to regulations such as BPR/EU Biocidal Products Regulation (Product Type 6, 12, 13), EPA registration in the USA, and REACH. Specific approvals needed for cosmetics (e.g., SCCS opinion in EU, CIR in USA).

Storage:  Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. Protect from light. Store away from incompatible materials (oxidizers, reducing agents, strong bases, amines). Shelf life is typically 1-2 years from date of manufacture when stored properly.