Name | L-Glutathione |
CAS number | 27025-41-8 |
Description | L-Glutathione (CAS 27025-41-8) is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine, featuring an unusual gamma-peptide bond between the glutamate and cysteine residues. |
Structural formula |  |
Molecular Formula | C20H32N6O12S2 |
Molecular Weight | 612.63 g/mol |
Appearance | White powder |
Quality Standard | 99% |
Storage Condition | Cool dry place( away from the light) |
Shelf Life | >2 years if stored properly |
Sample package | Aluminium foil bag |
Commercial package | Aluminium Tin, Fiber drum |
Origin | China |
Chemical Profile and Structural Characteristics
L-Glutathione (CAS 27025-41-8) is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine, featuring an unusual gamma-peptide bond between the glutamate and cysteine residues. This specific molecular architecture creates a molecular weight of 307.32 g/mol and confers unique biochemical properties, including the presence of a reactive thiol group that serves as the primary site for redox reactions. The compound typically presents as a white crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water and dilute alcohols but insoluble in common organic solvents. Its zwitterionic character at physiological pH and the labile nature of the thiol group necessitate careful handling and specific storage conditions.
Biochemical Functions and Physiological Significance
The compound serves as the predominant low-molecular-weight thiol in mammalian systems, functioning as a essential redox buffer that maintains cellular oxidative balance. It participates in detoxification processes through conjugation reactions catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, directly scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and regenerates other antioxidant systems including vitamins C and E. Additional critical roles include involvement in amino acid transport via the gamma-glutamyl cycle, modulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, and serving as a cofactor for various enzymes including glutathione peroxidases and reductases. These multifaceted functions establish its fundamental importance in cellular defense mechanisms and metabolic regulation.
Therapeutic Applications and Clinical Research
L-Glutathione finds application in managing conditions characterized by oxidative stress, including hepatic disorders such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced hepatotoxicity, and as an adjunct in chemotherapy to mitigate nephrotoxicity associated with cisplatin. Research explores its potential in neurodegenerative disorders, respiratory conditions, and metabolic diseases, with administration routes including oral, intravenous, and inhalation. Clinical protocols typically employ doses ranging from 600 to 1800 mg daily, often divided, though bioavailability varies significantly by route, with intravenous administration achieving substantially higher plasma concentrations than oral supplementation.
Formulation Strategies and Stability Considerations
We supply L-Glutathione in various forms including reduced and stabilized versions suitable for diverse pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. The compound's susceptibility to oxidation, particularly in aqueous environments, necessitates formulation approaches that include antioxidant systems, oxygen-impermeable packaging, and lyophilization for injectable products. Technical data encompasses compatibility with common excipients, stability profiles under various pH and temperature conditions, and guidance on manufacturing processes that minimize oxidative degradation. Advanced delivery systems including liposomal encapsulation and nanoparticle formulations are employed to enhance stability and cellular uptake.
Quality Specifications and Analytical Verification
Our L-Glutathione meets rigorous quality standards with specifications including identification by HPLC and mass spectrometry, assay requirement of 98.0-101.0%, and of related substances such as oxidized glutathione (GSSG), cysteine, and other peptide impurities. Critical quality attributes encompass tests for heavy metals, residual solvents, microbial limits, and specific optical rotation. We employ validated stability-indicating HPLC methods with UV and/or electrochemical detection for precise quantification and monitoring of the reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio, ensuring product integrity and consistent biological activity. Storage recommendations specify -20°C in airtight containers under inert atmosphere for long-term stability.
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