10ml Vials Thymulin CAS63958-90-7 with High Quality and Best Price for Sale

1.  Description

     Chemical Properties: Thymulin is a linear pentapeptide compound with the amino acid sequence Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn (Note: The core active sequence is the pentapeptide backbone, some literature denotes it as a nine-peptide complete sequence, with the core functional fragment being the N-terminal pentapeptide). The N-terminus is modified with pyrrolidone carboxylic acid to enhance resistance to enzymatic degradation. The core target is a specific receptor on T-cell surfaces, regulating immune cell differentiation by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Chemically stable, it resists hydrolysis in neutral to weakly acidic environments (pH 5.5-7.5) and exhibits excellent compatibility with immunologically active substances such as interferons and interleukins.

     Physical Properties: Thymulin appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder at room temperature, odorless and tasteless. It exhibits excellent water solubility (solubility ≥50 mg/mL), dissolving rapidly in aqueous systems such as pure water, saline, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). It is slightly soluble in ethanol and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like ether and petroleum ether. Molecular weight: Approximately 916.1 Da (complete nonapeptide sequence). Store at -20°C in a dry, sealed container protected from light; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Research-grade/preclinical-grade products exhibit ≥98% purity (HPLC-assayed), ≤1.0% impurity, and are free of endotoxins and heavy metal residues.

     Source and Preparation: Thymulin naturally occurs in human serum and thymus tissue, serving as a core immunoregulatory factor secreted by the thymus. Industrially synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis using high-purity L-amino acids as raw materials. The process involves condensation, deprotection, peptide chain assembly, and N-terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid modification, culminating in high-purity product purification via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reaction conditions are strictly controlled throughout synthesis to ensure structural integrity and immunological activity. Product quality is validated via mass spectrometry (MS) and amino acid sequence analysis.

2.  Application

     Biomedical Research Field: Thymulin serves as a core tool reagent for studying immune mechanisms, facilitating investigations into T cell maturation and differentiation, immune tolerance, and the mechanisms underlying immunodeficiency disorders. Through in vitro models such as T cells, macrophages, and thymic epithelial cells, as well as animal models including immunodeficient mice and autoimmune disease model mice, it analyzes its regulatory effects on immune cell proliferation and cytokine expression (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α), providing experimental evidence for drug development targeting immune-related diseases.

     Clinical and Preclinical Development: • As an immunomodulatory drug candidate, thymulin is studied for treating primary immunodeficiencies (e.g., congenital thymic hypoplasia) and secondary immunodeficiencies (e.g., immunosuppression after radiotherapy/chemotherapy, HIV-associated immunodeficiency). Exploration for inducing immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus), currently primarily in injectable and subcutaneous implant formulations, with certain indications in Phase II clinical trials.

     Immune Health Supplements: As a premium immune modulator, Thymulin is used to develop dietary supplements targeting immunocompromised populations (middle-aged/elderly individuals, post-surgical recovery patients, chronic sleep-deprived/high-stress individuals). Its small-molecule structure enables intestinal absorption into the bloodstream, precisely regulating thymic axis function to promote immune cell maturation. Suitable for daily immune maintenance and post-surgical immune restoration, it complies with EU and US dietary supplement regulations.

3. Main Efficacy

     Core Efficacy in Immune Regulation and T Cell Maturation: Thymulin's core mechanism involves specifically binding to receptors on immature T cell surfaces, promoting thymocyte differentiation into mature CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ effector T cells. Concurrently, it enhances T cell receptor (TCR) expression, improving T cells' antigen recognition and response capabilities. Regulates T cell subset balance, enhances helper T cell (Th1/Th2) synergy, and improves cellular and humoral immune function in immunodeficient states.

     Anti-infective and Immune Enhancement Effects: Thymulin enhances the body's ability to clear pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi) by boosting the activity of mature T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages. It provides auxiliary defense against viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B virus, influenza virus). Simultaneously, it promotes B cell proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells, elevating antibody secretion levels to strengthen the humoral immune barrier and reduce infection recurrence risk.

     Immune Tolerance and Anti-Inflammatory Regulation: Suppresses overactivated immune cells, downregulates pro-inflammatory factor release (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17), and upregulates anti-inflammatory factor expression (IL-10, TGF-β) to balance immune responses, preventing tissue damage from immune overactivation. In autoimmune disease models, it mitigates inflammation triggered by immune complex deposition and delays disease progression.

     Safety Advantages: As an endogenous peptide hormone, Thymulin exhibits exceptional biocompatibility with no cytotoxicity (MTT assay shows >98% immune cell survival at concentrations ≤2 mg/mL), no mutagenicity, and no reproductive toxicity. In clinical use, adverse reactions are mild (occasional transient low-grade fever), with no addictive properties or withdrawal symptoms. It is suitable for long-term immune modulation and health maintenance scenarios, demonstrating superior tolerability compared to synthetic small-molecule immunomodulators.