Name | Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium |
CAS number | 37319-17-8 |
Description | Pentosan polysulfate sodium, identified by the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 37319-17-8, is a semi-synthetic, heparin-like macromolecular carbohydrate derivative. |
Structural formula | |
Molecular Formula | C29H38Na10O50S9 |
Molecular Weight | 1705.06 g/mol |
Appearance | White powder |
Quality Standard | 99% |
Storage Condition | Cool dry place( away from the light) |
Shelf Life | >2 years if stored properly |
Sample package | Aluminium foil bag |
Commercial package | Aluminium Tin, Fiber drum |
Origin | China |
Pentosan polysulfate sodium More Info
Pentosan polysulfate sodium , identified by the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 37319-17-8, is a semi-synthetic, heparin-like macromolecular carbohydrate derivative. It is produced by extracting the polysaccharide xylan from natural sources, such as beech tree bark, and chemically treating it with sulfating agents followed by neutralization. As a white, odorless, and slightly hygroscopic powder, it is readily soluble in water and possesses a complex polymeric structure with a molecular weight typically ranging from 4000 to 6000 Daltons.
In human medicine, this compound is best known for its primary therapeutic application as an oral medication, most commonly under the brand name Elmiron, for the management of bladder pain and discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis. The exact mechanism of action in the bladder is not entirely understood, but it is believed to involve a buffering effect on the bladder wall's mucosal lining. Beyond this primary use, its heparin-like properties, including weak anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects, have led to investigations into its potential for treating other conditions such as osteoarthritis pain and various inflammatory disorders.
Comprehensive toxicological evaluations, including extensive studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program, have provided detailed insights into the compound's safety profile. In long-term rodent studies, the substance demonstrated varying carcinogenic potential across species; while no evidence of carcinogenic activity was found in rats, some evidence was observed in mice, leading to increased incidences of vascular and liver tumors. Importantly, these effects do not appear to be driven by direct genetic damage, as the compound was not mutagenic in standard bacterial tests and did not cause chromosomal damage in rodent bone marrow cells.
From a pharmacological standpoint, pentosan polysulfate sodium exhibits unique absorption and distribution characteristics. When administered orally, only a small fraction, approximately six percent, is systemically absorbed, with the majority being excreted unchanged in the feces. The absorbed portion undergoes metabolism in the liver, spleen, and kidneys through processes of desulfation and depolymerization. This pharmacological profile, combined with its anticoagulant activity—approximately one-fifteenth that of heparin—can account for certain adverse effects observed in clinical settings, such as bleeding complications.
The compound's therapeutic value is balanced against a well-documented profile of potential adverse effects, which include both bleeding-related events like rectal hemorrhage and ecchymosis, as well as non-neoplastic tissue changes observed in toxicology studies. These changes have included the presence of vacuolated histiocytes in various tissues and, in rat studies, myxomatous changes in the rectal wall. Ongoing research continues to explore both its mechanisms of action in inflammatory conditions and the long-term implications of its use, ensuring that its application in human and veterinary medicine remains informed by a thorough understanding of its benefits and risks.
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