Propyl Gallate

Propyl Gallate (PG) is a high-performance antioxidant widely used in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, feed, and industrial formulations. It is the propyl ester of gallic acid and is valued for its ability to help protect oils, fats, polymers, and sensitive formulations from oxidation, rancidity, discoloration, and quality loss.

Chemically known as propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, Propyl Gallate has the molecular formula C₁₀H₁₂O₅, CAS number 121-79-9, and molecular weight of approximately 212.20 g/mol. It typically appears as a fine white to creamy-white crystalline powder.  

Key Product Information

Key Features

Propyl Gallate (PG) provides excellent antioxidant performance, especially in systems containing fats, oils, and oxidation-sensitive ingredients. It helps delay oxidative degradation, supports longer shelf life, and improves formulation stability.

Main Advantages

Typical Applications

Food and Oil-Based Products

Propyl Gallate is commonly used as an antioxidant in fats, oils, and food systems where oxidation control is required. In the United States, it is listed under 21 CFR 184.1660, with use subject to good manufacturing practice and regulatory limits. 

Cosmetics and Personal Care

PG can be used in cosmetic and personal care formulations to help protect oils, fragrances, active ingredients, and finished products from oxidative deterioration.

Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemical Formulations

Propyl Gallate may be used as an antioxidant or stabilizing ingredient in suitable pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and fine chemical applications, depending on grade, specification, and regulatory requirements.

Feed and Animal Nutrition

Propyl Gallate is also recognized as an antioxidant additive in feed-related applications in some regulatory systems, subject to applicable local rules and permitted-use conditions.  

Industrial Applications

PG is suitable for specialty chemicals, polymers, coatings, lubricants, adhesives, and other industrial systems where oxidation resistance and stability enhancement are needed.

Regulatory Note

Propyl Gallate is also known as E310 in food additive systems. EFSA identifies propyl gallate as an antioxidant food additive in the EU, while U.S. use is regulated under FDA food ingredient provisions. Actual use should always follow the applicable regulations, product grade, and customer application requirements in the target market.  

Packaging and Storage

Store Propyl Gallate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use. Protect the product from moisture, heat, direct sunlight, and incompatible substances. Use proper handling procedures and follow the relevant safety data sheet.

Suggested Short Listing Copy

Propyl Gallate (PG) is a high-quality antioxidant used to improve the stability of fats, oils, food systems, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, feed, and industrial formulations. With strong oxidation-inhibiting performance, PG helps prevent rancidity, discoloration, and quality degradation, making it a reliable stabilizer for oxidation-sensitive products.

Conclusion

Propyl Gallate is a dependable and versatile antioxidant for applications requiring improved stability, oxidation control, and extended product quality. Its strong performance at low usage levels makes it suitable for food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, feed, and industrial formulations. Overall, PG is an effective choice for manufacturers seeking a reliable antioxidant solution for sensitive ingredients and finished products.