4-Chloronitrobenzene | Pharmaceutical Grade | 99.99% Purity | 10mg 20mg 30mg Vials | Lyophilized Powder | CAS 100-00-5

4-Chloronitrobenzene Basic information
Product Name: 4-Chloronitrobenzene
Synonyms: 1-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE;4-Nitro-1-chlorobenzene;4-Chloro-1-nitrobenzene;4-CHLORONITROBENZENE;4-NITROCHLOROBENZENE;P-NITROCHLOROBENZENE;PNCB;PARA NITROCHLOROBENZENE
CAS: 100-00-5
MF: C6H4ClNO2
MW: 157.55
EINECS: 202-809-6
Product Categories: Dyestuff Intermediates;alkyl chloride | nitro-compound;Intermediates of Dyes and Pigments;Organics;Alpha Sort;Analytical Standards;Nitro Compounds;AromaticsVolatiles/ Semivolatiles;C;CAlphabetic;CHChemical Class;Chemical Class;ChloroAnalytical Standards;Halogenated;Nitrogen Compounds;Organic Building Blocks
Mol File: 100-00-5.mol
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4-Chloronitrobenzene Chemical Properties
Melting point 80-83 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 242 °C(lit.)
density 1.298 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 5.4 (vs air)
vapor pressure 0.09 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index 1.5376 (estimate)
Fp >230 °F
solubility Soluble in acetone and alcohol (Weast, 1986)
form Crystals or Flakes
color Yellow
Water Solubility Insoluble
Merck 14,2151
BRN 508691
Henry's Law Constant 4.90 x 10-6 atmm3/mol at 25 °C (thermodynamic method-GC/UV spectrophotometry, Altschuh et al., 1999)
Exposure limits ACGIH TLV-TWA:0.1 ppm (0.64 mg/m3)
OSHA PEL-TWA:1 mg/m³
NIOSH IDLH:100
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, hydroxides. Reacts violently with sodium methoxide in methanol.
InChI 1S/C6H4ClNO2/c7-5-1-3-6(4-2-5)8(9)10/h1-4H
InChIKey CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES [O-][N+](=O)c1ccc(Cl)cc1
CAS DataBase Reference 100-00-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC 2B (Vol. 65, 123) 2020
NIST Chemistry Reference Benzene, 1-chloro-4-nitro-(100-00-5)
EPA Substance Registry System p-Chloronitrobenzene (100-00-5)

Safety Information
Hazard Codes T,N
Risk Statements 23/24/25-40-48/20/21/22-51/53-68
Safety Statements 28-36/37-45-61-28A
RIDADR UN 1578 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany 2
RTECS CZ1050000
Autoignition Temperature 500 °F
Hazard Note Very Toxic
TSCA TSCA listed
HazardClass 6.1
PackingGroup II
HS Code 29049085
Storage Class 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2
very toxic hazardous materials
Hazard Classifications Acute Tox. 3 Dermal
Acute Tox. 3 Inhalation
Acute Tox. 3 Oral
Aquatic Chronic 2
Carc. 2
Muta. 2
STOT RE 2
Hazardous Substances Data 100-00-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity LD50 (skin) for rats 16 gm/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985).
IDLH 100 mg/m3
MSDS Information
Provider Language
PNCB English
SigmaAldrich English
ACROS English
ALFA English

4-Chloronitrobenzene Usage And Synthesis
Chemical Properties 4-Chloronitrobenzene is a light yellow monoclinic prisms crystallizes, which are insoluble in water and very soluble in toluene, ether, acetone, or hot ethanol. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and alkalis. It is extensively used in different industries as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, rubber, and agricultural chemicals.
Physical properties p-Nitrochlorobenzene is a yellow crystalline solid with a sweet odor.
Uses 4-Nitrochlorobenzene is an important intermediate in the manufacture of azo dyes and sulfide dyes, the drugs finasteride and paracetamol, the pesticide herbicide, etc. It is also the raw material of rubber antioxidant 4010.
Uses p-Nitrochlorobenzene is largely used to produce p-nitrophenol with smaller production of p-nitroaniline.
Uses Manufacture of dyes, rubber, and agricultural chemicals
Definition ChEBI: 4-Chloronitrobenzene is a C-nitro compound.
Production Methods p-Nitrochlorobenzene is made by the nitration of chlorobenzene.
Synthesis Reference(s) The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 52, p. 2407, 1987 DOI: 10.1021/jo00388a014
Tetrahedron Letters, 19, p. 4519, 1978
General Description Light yellow crystalline solid. Density 1.520 g / cm3. Melting point 83°C. Sweet odor. Very toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption. p-Chloronitrobenzene is extensively used in different industries as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, rubber, and agricultural chemicals. It is incompatible with strong oxidisers and alkalis.
Air & Water Reactions Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile 4-Chloronitrobenzene reacts with oxidizing agents. Reacts violently and finally explosively when added to a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol. . Unstable when heated.
Hazard A questionable carcinogen. Very toxic by inhalation and ingestion. Absorbed via skin. Combustible. Methemoglobinemia.
Health Hazard Repeated exposure to high levels of p-chloronitrobenzene causes adverse health effects. The symptoms of toxicity include, but are not limited to, anoxia, unpleasant taste, anemia, methemoglobinemia, hematuria (blood in the urine), spleen, kidney, bone marrow changes, and reproductive effects. The target organs of p-chloronitrobenzene poisoning have been identifi ed as the blood, liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system, spleen, bone marrow, and reproductive system.
Fire Hazard 4-Chloronitrobenzene is combustible.
Safety Profile Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. A poison by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. May explode on heating. Potentially violent reaction with sodium methoxide. When heated to decomDosition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and Cl-. See also other chloronitrobenzene entries and NITRO COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Potential Exposure p-Nitrochlorobenzene (PNCB) is used as an intermediate in pesticide (parathion) manufacture, drug (phenacetin and acetaminophen) manufacture; and in dye making; rubber and antioxidant manufacture.
Carcinogenicity No increase in tumor incidence was seen in rats fed up to 1000 ppm in the diet for 2 years; in mice, results were equivocal, with high-dose animals showing an increase in vascular tumors and low-dose males showing an increase in liver tumors.6 The IARC has determined that there is inadequate evidence in experimental animals and humans for the carcinogenicity of chlorobenzenes.7
Environmental fate Biological. Under aerobic conditions, the yeast Rhodosporidium sp. metabolized pchloronitrobenzene to 4-chloroacetanilide and 4-chloro-2-hydroxyacetanilide as final major metabolites. Intermediate compounds identified include 4-chloronitrosobenzene, 4-chlorophenylhydroxylamine, and 4-chloroaniline (Corbett and Corbett, 1981).
Under continuous flow conditions involving feeding, aeration, settling, and reflux, a mixture of p-chloronitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was reduced 61–70% after 8–13 d by Arthrobacter simplex, a microorganism isolated from industrial waste. A similar experiment was conducted using two aeration columns. One column contained A. simplex, the other a mixture of A. simplex and microorganisms isolated from soil (Streptomyces coelicolor, Fusarium sp., probably aquaeductum and Trichoderma viride). After 10 d, 89.5–91% of the nitro compounds was reduced. p-Chloronitrobenzene was reduced to 4-chloroaniline and six unidentified compounds (Bielaszczyk et al., 1967).
Photolytic. An aqueous solution containing p-chloronitrobenzene and a titanium dioxide (catalyst) suspension was irradiated with UV light (λ >290 nm). 2-Chloro-5-nitrophenol was the only compound identified as a minor degradation product. Continued irradiation caused additional degradation yielding carbon dioxide, water, hydrochloric and nitric acids (Hustert et al., 1987).
Irradiation of p-chloronitrobenzene in air and nitrogen produced 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol and 4- chlorophenol, respectively (Kanno and Nojima, 1979).
Chemical. Although no products were identified, p-chloronitrobenzene (1.5 x 10-5 M) was reduced by iron metal (33.3 g/L acid washed 18–20 mesh) in a carbonate buffer (1.5 x 10-2 M) at pH 5.9 and 15 °C. Based on the pseudo-first-order disappearance rate of 0.0336/min, the half-life was 20.6 min (Agrawal and Tratnyek, 1996).
Shipping UN1578 Chloronitrobenzenes, solid or liquid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Purification Methods Crystallise the nitrobenzene from 95% EtOH (charcoal) and sublime it in vacuo. [Emmons JAm Chem Soc 76 3470 1954, Newman & Forrest J Am Chem Soc 69 1221 1947, Beilstein 5 IV 723.]
Incompatibilities A strong oxidizer. Reacts violently with oxidizers, combustibles, alkalis, sodium methoxide; and reducing materials.
Waste Disposal Incineration (816℃, 0.5 second for primary combustion; 1204℃, 1.0 second for secondary combustion). The formation of elemental chlorine can be prevented through injection of steam or methane into the combustion process. nitrogen oxides may be abated through the use of thermal or catalytic devices.

4-Chloronitrobenzene Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials Sodium hydroxide-->Sulfuric acid-->Nitric acid-->Chlorobenzene-->2-Nitrochlorobenzene
Preparation Products Norfloxacin-->Albendazole-->4-Aminodiphenylamine-->2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone-->1-(4-ISOCYANATOPHENYL)-4-METHYLPIPERAZINE-->3,4-Dichloroaniline-->Phenetidine-->Sodium 4-nitrophenoxide-->Anilofos-->1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene-->4-(4-Methylpiperazino)aniline-->Propanil-->7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2-oxo-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl acetate-->Diuron-->6-CHLORO-2-(CHLOROMETHYL)-3-OXIDO-4-PHENYL-QUINAZOLINE-->1-METHYL-4-(4-NITROPHENYL)PIPERAZINE-->4-Fluoronitrobenzene-->Demoxepam-->3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene-->4-NITROPHENYL PHENYL ETHER-->Itraconazole-->2-CHLORO-5-NITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID-->Sulfaguanidine-->Sodium 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate-->4-Fluorophenol-->4-Aminodiphenylamine-->Estazolam-->4-NITROPHENETOLE-->VARIAMINE BLUE B DIAZONIUM SALT-->4-(1-Acetylpiperazin-4-yl)phenol-->4-Diazodiphenylamine sulfate-->Disperse Blue 301-->NITROFEN-->5-CHLORO-3-PHENYLANTHRANIL-->4-Nitroanisole-->BIS(4-NITROPHENYL) SULFIDE-->Alprazolam-->4-Cyanotetrahydropyran-->4-ISOTHIOCYANATO-4'-NITRODIPHENYL ETHER-->4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]benzenediazonium