Dimethyl sulfoxide (Cas 112-80-1)

1. Application Characteristics
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a highly polar aprotic solvent renowned for its exceptional dissolving power, often referred to as the "universal solvent". It is completely miscible with water and a wide range of organic solvents. Its key applications include:

• Chemical Industry: Used as a solvent for chemical reactions (e.g., Finkelstein reactions, nucleophilic substitutions), organic synthesis, polymer processing (e.g., carbon fiber spinning), and as a paint stripper.

• Pharmaceutical & Biomedical: Acts as a penetration enhancer in transdermal drug delivery systems, a cell cryoprotectant, and a solvent in drug formulation and high-throughput screening.

• Other Uses: Utilized in antifreeze formulations, electronic cleaning agents, and as an extraction solvent in petroleum processing.

2. Regulatory Parameters

• Molecular Formula: C₂H₆OS

• Molecular Weight: 78.13 g/mol

• CAS Number: 67-68-5

• Physical Properties:

  • Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid

  • Odor: Mild, characteristic

  • Melting Point: 18.4 - 19°C (supercools easily)

  • Boiling Point: 189°C

  • Density: ~1.10 g/cm³ at 20°C

  • Refractive Index (n20/D): ~1.479

  • Flash Point: 87°C (189°F) - closed cup

  • Vapor Pressure: 0.42 mmHg at 20°C

• Safety Information:

  • GHS Hazard Statements: H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H227 (Combustible liquid).

  • Storage: Hygroscopic; store in a cool, dry place, ideally under nitrogen to prevent moisture absorption.

3. Quality Standards
The quality and purity of DMSO are defined by various standards, such as GB/T 21395-2024 in China, which specifies multiple grades (e.g., I, II, III) for different applications