Tiopronin

Tiopronin is a prescription thiol drug used to control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion in the disease cystinuria.Target: OthersTiopronin is used primarily for cystinuria and is well known in the cystinuric community. Depending on the severity of a person's cystinuria, tiopronin may be taken for life, possibly starting in early childhood. It may also be used for Wilson's disease (an overload of copper in the body), and certain types of rare arthritis, though tiopronin is n

Tiopronin is a N-acyl-amino acid.|Tiopronin is a prescription thiol drug used primarily in the treatment of severe homozygous cystinuria. Patients with cystinuria excrete high levels of cystine in their urine and are at risk for kidney stone formation. Tiopronin is used as a second-line therapy to control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion, and prevent kidney stone formation. It is used after a failure of the non-pharmacological first line treatment consisting of increased fluid intake, restriction of sodium and protein, and urinary alkalinization. As cystinuria is a relatively rare disease, tiopronin is classified as an orphan drug and is not patented in the United States. It is similar to d-penicillamine in use and efficacy, but offers the advantage of far less adverse effects. Tiopronin is dosed on an individual basis using close monitoring of urinary cystine concentrations and urinary output. Tiopronin may also be used to bind metal nanoparticles in Wilson's disease, which is an overload of copper in the body. It has been investigated for use in the treatment of arthritis and as a neuroprotective agent in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.|Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.

Tiopronin is a sulfiydryl derivative of N-propylglycine useful in the treatment of cystine urolithiasis in children. It is also reportedly effective in the management of rheumatoid polyarthritis, possibly due to its inhibitory effect on the free oxygen radicals produced by inflammatory macrophages and granulocytes.

Tiopronin is an antioxidant that has diverse biological activities. It reduces free radical production by murine macrophages and granulocytesin vitroin a dose-dependent manner. Tiopronin induces expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and increases VEGF secretion in human colon carcinoma cells. Rectal administration (500 μL of a 10 mM solution) reduces myeloperoxidase activity and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the colon in a rat model of colitis. Tiopronin (80-320 mg/kg per day) reduces the incidence of cleft palate in fetuses born to female mice orally exposed to teratogenic methylmercury chloride. Tiopronin (100 mg/kg) reduces heme oxygenase 1 mRNA expression, lipid peroxidation, and transverse aortic constriction in a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. Tiopronin (20 mg/kg) is hepatoprotective, increasing activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and reversing hepatocyte degeneration in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

White Solid

It is used as antidote against heavy metal poisoning; hepatoprotectant; mucolytic. It can activate metabolic enzymes, and can chelate with toxic substances that hinder HS-enzyme activity, so it has a detoxification effect. It is mainly used for the treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver damage and liver damage caused by drugs. It can also be used for metal poisoning, chemotherapy and radiotherapy protection, urticaria, dermatitis, eczema and acne. It is mainly used for senile cataracts in the early stage, but also for chronic hepatitis, metal poisoning, eczema, etc.

It is used as antidote against heavy metal poisoning; hepatoprotectant; mucolytic.

N-(2-Mercaptopropionyl)glycine or Tiopronin has been used:in the preparation of polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated gold microparticles (PEI-gold) for biolistic delivery of nucleic acidsto study the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the reperfusion stage inin vivoisoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotectionas a ROS inhibitor to study its effect on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced inflammasome activation

Molecular Weight:163.20
XLogP3:-0.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:4
Rotatable Bond Count:3
Exact Mass:163.03031432
Monoisotopic Mass:163.03031432
Topological Polar Surface Area:67.4
Heavy Atom Count:10
Complexity:148
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes