Sorbitan

Method 1. Hydrogenation reduction method. Add glucose (for oral use) with water and dissolve it at 90℃ to prepare a 530g/L (53%) aqueous solution with a relative density of 1.25. Add 1-5g/L (0.1%) to the glucose while it is hot. -0.5%) activated carbon, stirred and filtered to obtain a clear liquid. Then add 0.1% nickel catalyst (R-20) according to the weight of glucose, and react in a 250L hydrogenation tank at a pressure of 4903kPa (50kgf/cm2) or 7848kPa (80kgf/cm2), at a temperature of 146℃, and react for 2-4h or 45min. When the reducing sugar content is less than 0.5%, the end point of the hydrogenation reaction is reached, and a hydrogenated liquid is obtained. The yield is 99.8%-100%, and the pH is about 5. Glucose [water, activated carbon, R-20, H2]→[490.5kPa(50kgf/cm2), 146℃, 2-4h] hydrogenated liquid crude The above hydrogenated liquid is allowed to stand in the precipitation tank to precipitate solid impurities, and the upper layer solution is used 732 strong acid cation exchange resin H+ type (250L column filled with 180kg resin) for ion exchange, make the content of nickel salt below 5×10-6, pH about 4, adjust the pH to 5-6 with sodium hydroxide to obtain crude sorbitol . The content is 50%, the refractive index is 1.419, the reducing sugar is less than 0.5%, the nickel content is less than 5×10-6, and the yield is about 97% based on the quality of glucose. Hydrogenated liquid [732 resin; NaOH]→[pH4; pH5-6] crude sorbitol refined to obtain 50% sorbitol liquid, through styrene sulfonic acid type strong cation exchange resin and quaternary ammonium hydrochloride type strong anion exchange resin (its The exchange equivalent is calculated according to the volume. The two resins are both around 2.30) in a 1:2 mixed bed. During the exchange process, the chloride and nickel salt should be kept negative. If a positive reaction occurs in any one, the exchange operation stops. Take 2kg of the exchange liquid each time and place it in a 3L round-bottomed distillation flask for reduced pressure distillation. Keep the water temperature below 90°C until the internal water content is completely removed. Pour 1kg of absolute ethanol while it is hot, shake and mix vigorously, dehydrate, keep at 45-50℃ for more than 8h, precipitate sorbitol crystals, filter under reduced pressure in a vertical melting funnel, drain off the residual ethanol, vacuum dry or 60℃ After drying, the sorbitol product is obtained. The content is 98%-100%, the chloride is less than 50×10-6, the residue is less than 0.1%, and the heavy metal is less than 10×10-6. Sorbitol crude product [resin mixed bed, absolute ethanol]→[45-50℃, 8h] sorbitol boutique method two, electrolytic reduction method electrolysis, neutralization, decolorization, concentration, desalination, crystallization electrolyte preparation: use glucose as For the raw materials, take 140kg of glucose and 150kg of distilled water to dissolve it, add 50kg of crystalline sodium sulfate, stir to dissolve, cool to 20-25°C, dilute to 300kg, and reserve. The mass concentration of sugar solution is 450g/L (45%), sodium sulfate 60-80g/L (6%-8%). When using sucrose as raw material, take 120kg of sucrose, add 150kg of distilled water to heat it, filter, heat to 85℃, add 1L sulfuric acid solution (containing 198 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid), stir, keep for 45min, cool immediately, and add 25kg of anhydrous sodium sulfate As a conductive medium, when the temperature drops to 20-25℃, neutralize to pH 4 with 5mol/L sodium hydroxide, dilute to 300kg, and use it for later use. The conversion rate is 98%-99%. Take the sugar solution to adjust the pH to 7, in the electrolyzer, use the mercury-coated lead plate as the cathode, and the lead plate as the anode. The anode is placed in a diaphragm made of biscuit porcelain, and 1mol/L sulfuric acid is placed in the diaphragm. , Voltage 5-6V, current density 1-1.2 A/cm2, electrolysis. At the beginning, the pH is around 7, and then the pH will rise naturally. After 30 hours, the alkali concentration is adjusted to 0.7 mol/L with 30% sodium hydroxide solution, and the temperature in the holding tank is between 15-25°C. After 80-100h, when the residual sugar is about 15%, the electrolysis can be stopped. The reduction rate is 85%. Based on total alcohol, it contains 1/5 of mannitol and 4/5 of sorbitol. Current effect is 45%. The electrolyte is neutralized to pH 4.8-5.1 with diaphragm acid, and then decolorized with activated carbon at 80°C, filtered, and the decolorizing solution is concentrated in vacuo. The temperature gradually rises from 50°C to 80°C, and the water volume is very small. Stop evaporation. Inhale 160kg of 85% ethanol into the pot while it is hot while stirring, heat to 70℃ under normal pressure, keep for 1h to extract, filter to remove sodium sulfate, and obtain about 330L of filtrate. Cool to 15°C to complete the crystallization and centrifuge to obtain crude mannitol (about 30 kg). After recovering ethanol from the mother liquor, a crude sorbitol-containing liquid is obtained. Fermentation The above crude sorbitol liquid is diluted with water to a relative concentration of about 1.1, heated at 38°C, added 0.8kg/500L of urea, 0.65kg/500L of phosphoric acid and 4kg/500L of fresh yeast, kept at 34°C for 24h, the glucose content is 15% -20% is reduced to about 8%-10%. After the fermentation is completed, the temperature is raised to 105°C, boiled for 20-60 minutes, activated carbon is added for decolorization, filtered, and the filtrate is taken. Mother liquor (crude sorbitol) [water]→[38℃]diluent [urea, phosphoric acid, yeast]→[34℃, 24h] fermentation broth[activated carbon]→[105℃, 20-60min] filtrate crude filtrate Use 732 cation exchange resin (H+ type) and 701 anion exchange resin (OH- type) for desalination. When the volume of the anion resin expands to a certain height, the resin is saturated. The desalted solution is decolorized with a small amount of activated carbon, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a relative density of 1.24-1.25 (20°C) to obtain a crude sorbitol product. Filtrate [732, 701 resin]→Sorbitol crude product refining Same as hydrogenation reduction method (refining process omitted). The preparation is prepared according to the mass concentration of 250g/L (25%). Weigh sorbitol and dissolve it in an appropriate amount of water for injection to reach 400-500g/L (40%-50%), and add 5g/L (0.5%) of the prepared amount. Activated carbon, boil slowly, keep for 1h, filter while it is hot. Collect the filtrate, dilute it to 250g/L (25%) with water for injection according to the measured content, pH 4-7, filter, divide into 250ml or 100ml infusion bottles, autoclave at 115℃ for 30min to get sorbitol injection liquid. Refined products [Water for Injection]→[pH4-7, 115℃, 30min] Sorbitol Injection.

Diuretic dehydrating agent. It is used to treat cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure, to treat increased glaucoma intraocular pressure, and also to edema and oliguria with normal heart and kidney function. Note: Occasionally hematuria. Use with caution in patients with cardiac insufficiency.

Molecular Weight:164.16
XLogP3:-2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:5
Rotatable Bond Count:2
Exact Mass:164.06847348
Monoisotopic Mass:164.06847348
Topological Polar Surface Area:90.2
Heavy Atom Count:11
Complexity:128
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:3
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes