Flonicamid

229.16

229.16

605-127-0

9500W2Z53J

DTXSID8034611

White crystalline powder

29333990

65.78000

1.04

1.377±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

157.5°

406.6±45.0 °C(Predicted)

184.4±30.7 °C

1.518

In water, 5.2X10+3 mg/L at 20 deg C

Pesticide storage: Keep out of reach of children and animals. Store in original containers only. Store in a cool, dry place and avoid excess heat. Carefully open containers. After partial use, fold and roll back bags, clamp and close tightly. Do not put concentrate or dilute material into food or drink containers. Do not contaminate other pesticides, fertilizers, water, food or feed by storage or disposal. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/

9.43X10-4 mPa /7.073X10-9 mm Hg/ at 20 deg C

LD50 in male, female rats (mg/kg): 884, 1768 orally; in rats (mg/kg): >5000 dermally; in rats (mg/m3): >4900 by inhalation; LC50 in carp, rainbow trout (mg/l): >100, >91.9 (Morita)

Odorless

Henry's Law constant = 4.1X10-13 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 11.6

NONH for all modes of transport

2

22

Xn

P201, P202, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P405, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Pesticide Disposal: Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Finely dispersed particles can from explosive mixtures in air. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 214 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|P201, P202, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P405, and P501

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Applicators and other handlers must wear: long-sleeved shirt and long pants, shoes plus socks, and waterproof gloves. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|... Restricted-entry interval (REI) of 12 hours. Personal protective equipment (PPE) required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water is: Coveralls, waterproof gloves, and shoes plus socks. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|For dust exposures wear, as a minimum, a properly fitted half-face or full-face air-purifying respirator, which is approved for pesticides (US NIOSH/MSHA, EU CEN or comparable certification organization). respirator use and selection must be based on airborne concentrations. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|For dust exposure, wear chemical protective goggles or a face shield. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/

Slightly combustible. May support combustion at elevated temperatures. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/

Isolate fire area. Evacuate downwind. Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus. Do not breathe smoke, gases or vapors generated. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|Extinguishing media: Foam, CO2 or dry chemical. Soft stream water fog only if necessary. Contain all runoff. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/

May support combustion at elevated temperatures. Finely dispersed particles can form explosive mixtures in air. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/

In case of spill, avoid contact, isolate area and keep out animals and unprotected persons. Confine spills. ... To confine spill: Cover to prevent dispersal. Place damaged package in a holding container. Identify contents. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment of disposing of equipment wash waters. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|Isolate and post spill area. Wear protective clothing and personal protective equipment ... . Keep unprotected persons and animals out of the area. Keep material out of lakes, streams, ponds and sewer drains. Large spills should be covered to prevent dispersal. For dry material, use a wet sweeping compound or water to prevent the formation of dust. If water is used, prevent runoff or dispersion of excess liquid by diking and absorbing with a non-combustible absorbent such as clay,. sand or soil. Vacuum, shovel or pump all waste material, including absorbent, into a drum and label contents for disposal. To clean and neutralize spill area, tools and equipment, wash with a suitable solution of strong soap and water. Absorb ... any excess liquid and add to the drums of waste slready collected. Repeat if necessary. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|User safety recommendations: Users should: Remove clothing/PPE (personal protective equipment) immediately if pesticide gets inside. then was thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining personal protective equipment (PPE). If there are not such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. /Beleaf 50 SG Insecticide/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Flonicamid (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

This report describes /a case/ of acute exposure to a mixture of spinosad and flonicamid that resulted in a substantial clinical toxicities. An 80-year-old depressed female attempted suicide by drinking a mixture of 80-mL Conserve (Dow AgroSciences, Taipei, Taiwan) and 2-3 gram powder of flonicamid (Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Taipei, Taiwan). Spinosad was the main compound ingested. The clinical manifestations were mostly neurological, i.e. consciousness disturbance, shock, respiratory failure, pneumonitis and urinary retention. Endoscopic examination found grade 2a corrosive esophageal injury. After resuscitation, detoxification procedures and intensive care, the patient recovered fully without leaving any chronic sequels. An emerging question arising from this report is, why are the clinical symptoms so severe, given that both compounds were claimed safe in laboratory animals? The answer is unclear. One possible explanation is, the amount of spinosad ingested was far beyond the physiological safety dose that can be handled by human body. Other potential contributors to the clinical toxicities in this patient are the solvent compositions that were found in the Conserve insecticide formulation.[Su TY et al; Hum Exp Toxicol Mar 7 2011

LC50 Rat inhalation >4.9 mg/L/4 hr|LD50 Rat dermal >5000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral (female) 1768 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral (male) 884 mg/kg

Flonicamid's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 25(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.30(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that flonicamid is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of flonicamid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 7.07X10-9 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 5200 mg/L(2). Flonicamid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2011).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 25(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.30(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that flonicamid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 7.07X10-9 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 5200 mg/L(2). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2011).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), flonicamid, which has a vapor pressure of 7.07X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase flonicamid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Flonicamid contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Flonicamid is not expected to undergo chemical hydrolysis in the environment as amides do not hydrolyze under environmental conditions(pH 5 to pH9)(SRC). Flonicamid contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for flonicamid(SRC), using log Kow of 0.30(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of flonicamid is estimated as 25(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.30(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that flonicamid is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for flonicamid is estimated as 4.1X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 7.07X10-9 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 5200 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that flonicamid is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Flonicamid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Occupational exposure to flonicamid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where flonicamid is produced or used. (SRC)

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)

Five CRL:CD (SD)IGS BR rats/sex/level were dosed by gavage in 0.75% methylcellulose suspension with single administrations of either low or high doses of flonicamid. Intended dose levels were 2 and 50 mg/kg for both the pilot excretion study and for the pilot pharmacokinetics study. By error, the actual mean administered doses for the pilot excretion study were 0.85 and 21 mg/kg, which was unlikely to have affected results. The pilot excretion study assessed exhaled CO2 as well as urine, cage washings, and feces at intervals of 24 hr or less for 7 days. No measurable CO2 was detected in exhaled air. Urine plus cage wash samples accounted for 89-92% of administered label. About 5-6% of administered label was found in feces. Only 2-3% of label resided in carcasses at day 7. ... Tmax was estimated to be 0.3 to 0.6 hr.|(14)C Flonicamid (radiolabelled = 98.5% pure; unlabelled = 99.7%) was administered by oral gavage to CRL:CD (SD)IGS BR rats at 0 (0.75% methylcellulose/HPLC Grade H2O; 1/sex/dose at 6 and 168 hr termination), 2 mg/kg (3/sex/time point at 0.5, 6, 24 hours and 5/sex at 168 hour termination) and 400 mg/kg (3/sex/time point at 0.5, 6, 24 hours and 5/sex at 168 hour termination) to determine elimination and distribution. At 2 and 400 mg/kg, (14)C Flonicamid radioactivity was rapidly absorbed and excreted. A quantitative recovery was achieved during the 168 hour collection period. Urine contained 90% (including cage wash) of administered radioactivity, the majority of which was obtained within 24 hours of dosing at 2 mg/kg and by 48 hours at 400 mg/kg. Fecal elimination at 2 and 400 mg/kg was 5% of administered dose. In tissues, radioactivity levels increased rapidly with maximum concentrations mirroring those observed in the blood. While radioactivity was observed at all early time points in tissues, by 168 hours the levels had (where detectable) decreased by 50 - 100 fold. By 168 hours the carcasses contained 2% of radioactivity and liver had the highest tissue content (< 0.15%). At 2 mg/kg the greatest concentrations of radioactivity at 0.5 hours post dose for males and females respectively in liver (2.54-2.50 ug eq/g), kidney (2.35-2.67 ug eq/g), adrenals (5.07-6.52 ug eq/g), thyroid (4.02-4.26 ug eq/g) and ovaries (females - 3.77 ug eq/g). At 400 mg/kg males had the greatest concentration of radiolabel at 3 hours post dose in the liver (442 ug eq/g), kidney (311 ug eq/g), adrenals (672 ug eq/g) and thyroid (652 ug eq/g). Females had the greatest radiolabel concentrations at 1 hour post dose for liver (325 ug eq/g), kidney (359 ug eq/g), adrenals (689 ug eq/g) and thyroid (782 ug eq/g).|(14)C Flonicamid (radiolabelled = 98.5% pure; unlabelled = 99.7%) was administered by oral gavage to CRL:CD (SD)IGS BR rats at 0 (0.75% methylcellulose/HPLC Grade H2O; 1/sex/dose), 2 and 400 mg/kg (4/sex/dose), followed by a 48 hour termination time. At 2 and 400 mg/kg, (14)C Flonicamid radioactivity was rapidly absorbed and excreted. A quantitative recovery was achieved during the 48 hour collection period. Urine contained 85% (including cage wash) of administered radioactivity at 2 mg/kg and 80% at 400 mg/kg, the majority of which was excreted within 24 hours of dosing. Biliary excretion was low (4% at 2 mg/kg and 5% at 400 mg/kg) and the majority of radiolabel was excreted within the first 24 hours. Low levels of radioactivity were in feces (3.5-5.0%) and carcass (2.0-3.2%) at 2 mg/kg and in feces (3.8%) and carcass (1.5-2.1%). Therefore, biliary excretion was not a significant route of elimination of radioactivity. Increasing dose level had little effect on the disposition of radioactivity and there was no accumulation of radioactivity in the residual carcass. No sex-related differences were observed in any of the parameters measured.

The metabolic profile of flonicamid in rats was determined from the 0-48 hour interval rat urine after single dose administration of (14)C- pyridyl-flonicamid by oral gavage in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at levels of 2 or 400 mg/kg body weight. Flonicamid was the major component in male and female rats with 52-72% of administered dose and the major metabolite is 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide, with 18-25% of administered dose. Minor metabolites identified were: 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide N-oxide (3% of administered dose), Flonicamid N-oxide (2% of administered dose), 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide (1% of administered dose), 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide conjugate (0.52% of administered dose), OH-4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide (0.44% of administered dose), TFNA (0.36% of administered dose), and 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide N-Oxide conjugates (0.30% of administered dose). TFNG was not detected in the urine. Analysis of flonicamid rat metabolism for repeated dosing gave the following results: Flonicamid (46-54% of administered dose) and 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide (21-27% administered dose) were the major components found in rat urine following multiple low doses of (14)C- pyridyl-flonicamid.|In liver samples, the major components in male rat liver following 0.5 and 6 hours were flonicamid (51% and 27% total radioactive residues, respectively) and N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycine (24% and 8% of total radioactive residues, respectively). 4-Trifluoromethylnicotinamide was 10% of total radioactive residues after 0.5 hours and 45% after 6 hours. In the rat biliary study, flonicamid was rapidly absorbed and excreted in the urine within 24 hours. ... The metabolic pathway of flonicamid in rats involves hydrolysis of the cyano (-CN) and amide (-CONH2) functional groups in the flonicamid molecule, although in rats, flonicamid was further metabolized by several routes, including N-oxidation and hydroxylation of the pyridine ring, leading to multiple metabolites.|(14)C Flonicamid (radiolabelled = 98.5% pure; unlabelled = 99.7%) was used in 3 experiments in order to characterize metabolism in CRL:CD (SD)IGS BR rats: Study #1(Biliary): 4 rats/sex/dose were administered a single oral gavage dose of (14)C Flonicamid at 2 or 400 mg/kg, then terminated at 48 hours. Study #2 (Single-Dose Excretion): 3 or 5/sex/dose/time point were treated with a single oral gavage dose of (14)C Flonicamid at 2 or 400 mg/kg and terminated at 0.5, 6, 24 and 168 hours (2 mg/kg) or 3 (M), 1 (F), 14.5 (M), 8 (F), 24 and 168 hours. Study #3 (Multi-Dose Excretion): 2/sex/dose/time point were treated with 14 consecutive oral gavage doses of (12)C Flonicamid at 2 mg/kg, then one dose of (14)C Flonicamid on the 15th day before termination at 0.5, 6, 24 and 168 hours following (14)C Flonicamid administration. The negative control and vehicle was 0.75% methylcellulose/HPLC Grade H2O. Livers were collected and analyzed for metabolites in study #2 and #3. Excretion of Flonicamid and metabolites occurred primarily in the urine and to a lesser extent in the feces. It was metabolized by several routes, including nitrile hydrolysis, amide hydrolysis, N-oxidation and hydroxylation of the pyridine ring. Combinations of pathways occurred, leading to the formation of multiple metabolites.|The metabolism of flonicamid was investigated in livestock using lactating goats and laying hens. The test substance was [14C] flonicamid (labeled at the 3 position of the pyridine ring; specific activity 100,000 dpm/ug). In goats, the test substance was administered orally at 10 ppm (4.2x) in the diet for five consecutive days. Milk was collected twice daily throughout the study, and tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, and fat) were collected at sacrifice. In hens, the test substance was also administered orally at 10 ppm (25x) in the diet for five consecutive days. Eggs were collected twice daily throughout the study, and tissues (liver, muscle, skin, and fat) were collected at sacrifice. The available data indicate that the metabolism of flonicamid is similar in goats and hens. The majority of the dose was rapidly excreted. TFNA-AM (4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide) was the major metabolite (29-92% TRR) in goats (tissues and milk) and in laying hens (tissues and eggs). Flonicamid was found in minor quantities in goat and hen matrices, at <6% TRR. TFNAAM was also identified in goat muscle, liver, and kidney in significant quantities (23-31% TRR) in the acid hydrolysates of nonextractable residues. A metabolite determined to be an unstable conjugate of TFNA was identified in goat kidney at 12% TRR and the metabolite OH-TFNAAM was identified in liver acid hydrolysate at 11% /total residues recovered/ (TRR). The metabolism of flonicamid in livestock shows the main pathway of metabolism involves hydrolysis of the cyano and amide functional groups in the molecule ...

(14)C Flonicamid (radiolabelled = 98.5% pure; unlabelled = 99.7%) was administered by gavage to CRL:CD (SD)IGS BR rats at 0 (0.75% methylcellulose suspension, 1/sex), 2 and 400 mg/kg (5/sex/dose). Blood samples were taken at 0, 10, 20 and 40 minutes and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours (terminated at 72 hours) to determine pharmacokinetics. After treatment, Flonicamid was rapidly absorbed and peak plasma radioconcentrations were rapidly achieved. Pharmacokinetics at 2 mg/kg were similar between the sexes but were different at 400 mg/kg. Females had a half-life of 6.8 hours after 400 mg/kg treatment. This was similar to the 4.5 hour half-life after treatment with 2 mg/kg. The average half-life in males at 2 mg/kg was 5.2 hours (similar to females), however at 400 mg/kg the plasma concentrations reached a plateau that lasted several hours (average half-life = 11.6 hours) in males and was statistically significantly different than high dose females and low dose males.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/CASE REPORTS/ This report describes /a case/ of acute exposure to a mixture of spinosad and flonicamid that resulted in a substantial clinical toxicities. An 80-year-old depressed female attempted suicide by drinking a mixture of 80-mL Conserve (Dow AgroSciences, Taipei, Taiwan) and 2-3 gram powder of flonicamid (Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Taipei, Taiwan). Spinosad was the main compound ingested. The clinical manifestations were mostly neurological, i.e. consciousness disturbance, shock, respiratory failure, pneumonitis and urinary retention. Endoscopic examination found grade 2a corrosive esophageal injury. After resuscitation, detoxification procedures and intensive care, the patient recovered fully without leaving any chronic sequels. An emerging question arising from this report is, why are the clinical symptoms so severe, given that both compounds were claimed safe in laboratory animals? The answer is unclear. One possible explanation is, the amount of spinosad ingested was far beyond the physiological safety dose that can be handled by human body. Other potential contributors to the clinical toxicities in this patient are the solvent compositions that were found in the Conserve insecticide formulation.[Su TY et al; Hum Exp Toxicol Mar 7 2011

carbine

Water dispersible granule|F1785 GH 50 WG Insecticide (FMC Corp. Agricultural Products Group) Flonicamid 50%|F1785 N 50 WG Insecticide (FMC Corp. Agricultural Products Group) Flonicamid 50%|Flonicamid 50SG Insecticide (FMC Corp. Agricultural Products Group) Flonicamid 50%|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Flonicamid (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Adequate enforcement methods (FMC No. P-3561M, a Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/ Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method and FMC No. P-3822, a modification of FMC No. P-3561M) are available to enforce the tolerances for flonicamid and its metabolites, TFNA /4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid/, TFNA-AM /4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide/, and TFNG /N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycine/ in plants. For enforcement of tolerances for livestock commodities, three methods are available: LC/MS/MS method (RCC No. 844743) for residues in eggs and livestock tissues; LC/MS method (RCC No. 842993) for residues in milk; and LC/MS/MS method (FMC P3580) which includes an acid hydrolysis step for residues in cattle muscle, kidney, and liver.|Determination of residues in soil and water by LC/MS/MS.

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|Insecticides|Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Flonicamid has known environmental transformation products that include TFNA, TFNA-AM, TFNA-OH, TFNG, and TFNG-AM.