Chlorosulfonic acid

116.52400

116.52

232-234-6

2O9AXL1TJ4

1039

1754

DTXSID1029706

COLORLESS OR SLIGHTLY YELLOW LIQUID

2806200000

62.75000

1.10880

Chlorosulfonic acid appears as a colorless to yellow colored fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Density 14.7 lb / gal. Causes severe burns. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals.

1.753 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-80 °C

60-64 °C @ Press: 2-4 Torr

158ºC

1.4331

Solubility in water: reaction

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventillated location. Separate from water, acids, alkalies, alcohols.

1 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

4 (vs air)

Permonosulfonic acid was being prepared by reacting chlorosulfonic acid & 90% hydrogen peroxide. A sample was stored overnight at 0 deg C, then removed to test tube rack. In 10 minutes it exploded.

PUNGENT

DECOMPOSED BY ALCOHOL & ACIDS.

Fumes in air. Reacts exothermically and violently with water producing sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and large quantities of dense white acid fumes [Merck, 11th ed., 1989]. Contact with water and metal produces explosive hydrogen gas (USCG, 1999). Chlorosulfonic acid reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.04 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acids, Strong Oxidizing

Strong Oxidizing Agent

CHLOROSULFONIC ACID is a strong oxidizing acid. Reacts violently with water, strong mineral acids and bases, alcohols, finely dispersed organic matter. Dangerously incompatible with combustible materials, nitrates, chlorates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates, and fulminates. Undergoes possibly violent reactions with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetonitrile, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, alkali, allyl alcohol, allyl chloride, ammonium hydroxide, aniline, butyraldehyde, cresol, cumene, diethyleneglycol methyl ether, diisopropyl ether, diphenyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylenediamine, ethylene glycol, glyoxal, hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane), hydrogen peroxide, isoprene, powdered metals, methyl ethyl ketone, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and oxides of sulfur [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 831]. Reaction with phosphorus accelerates out of control and culminates in an explosion [Heumann, K. et al., Ber., 1882, 15, p. 417]. Mixing chlorosulfuric acid and 98% sulfuric acid may evolve HCl [Subref: Anon, Loss Prev. Bull. 1977, (013), 2-3].

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

CORROSIVE MATERIAL.

198 btu/lb= 110 cal/g= 4.6X10+5 J/kg (est)

I

8

UN 1754

1

R14; R35; R37

S26-S45

FX5730000

C

Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

Stable, but reacts violently with water. In case of spills, mop up with sand - do not add water. Reacts with most metals to yield (flammable) hydrogen gas. Incompatible with strong bases, carbonates, water, combustible materials, strong oxidizing agents, most metals, organic materials, sulfides, cyanides, carbides.

P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H314

Mixing chlorosulfonic acid with either 28% ammonia, creosote oil, 36% hydrochloric acid or 48.7% hydrofluoric acid, 70% nitric acid, 2-nitropropane or 96% sulfuric acid in a closed container caused the temperature & pressure to increase. It is dangerous in contact with combustible materials, nitrates, chlorates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates & fulminates.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes into irritating and toxic gases Behavior in Fire: Although nonflammable, it may ignite other combustibles. Contact with water AND metal produces explosive hydrogen gas. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with many substances.|Corrosives, Reactive - 2nd degree

|Danger|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H312 (50.23%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 878 companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H290: May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]|P234, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P330, P363, P390, P403+P233, P404, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1754 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Acid-proof goggles or a rubber hood, long rubber gloves, rubber shoes, long rubber apron, shirt and trousers of wool or acrylic fiber, and a hat with a brim. For emergency use involving considerable exposure, a complete rubber suit with hood, gloves and boots of rubber should be used. In case of fire use self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)|Personal protective equipment incl acid-proof goggles or a rubber hood, long rubber gloves, rubber shoes, long rubber apron, shirt & trousers of wool or acrylic fiber, & hat with a brim. For emergency use involving considerable exposure a complete rubber suit with hood, gloves & boots of rubber should be used. In case of fire use self-contained breathing apparatus.

Not combustible, but if involved in a fire decomposes rapidly to produce hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid. Evolves hydrogen on contact with moist metals. Closed containers may rupture violently.

ON DROPPING INTO WATER DECOMP WITH EXPLOSIVE VIOLENCE.|Permonosulfonic acid was being prepared by reacting chlorosulfonic acid & 90% hydrogen peroxide. A sample was stored overnight at 0 °C, then removed to test tube rack. In 10 minutes it exploded.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam carbon dioxide. DO NOT allow water to make contact with material, as highly acidic run-off will be formed. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

Forms strong acids on contact with water.

Spills of hazardous chemicals (such as inorganic sulfur acids, oleums of strength 35 to 65%, liquid sulfur trioxide, or chlorosulfonic acid) can be treated with high molecular weight polyacrylamide, polymethyl methacrylate or a blend of polyacrylamides. Each forms a polymer skin over the liquid surface, suppressing the fume & allowing access to the spill so that cleanup can be done in a controlled manner. Polyacrylamide variant DP 1916 is best treatment for chlorosulfonic acid & oleum 20. Polycarbonate granules used in a layer approx 80 mm thick topped off with Sorboil (an absorbent clay) is best treatment for diked spills of oleums of all strengths & liq sulfur trioxide. The acid beneath the skin is best recovered by pumping. Unconfined spills of sulfur trioxide & oleums of all strengths can be treated with excess anhydrous sodium sulfate which forms a concrete-like residue that can be sprayed with water within 1 hour, dissolving it slowly. Expanded perlite, if contained in degradable bags, will effectively absorb & contain sulfur acids. Fumes of oleum 65% arising from spillage of 80 to 750 kg can be killed within 4 to 13 min. Asphalt or concrete is slightly affected.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.|Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases|/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CHLOROSULFONIC ACID (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Vapor is extremely irritating to lung & mucous membranes.|Highly irritating & corrosive to eyes, skin, mucous membranes.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Cautiously neutralize remainder with alkaline materials, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate or soda ash. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause effects on the lungs. The substance may have effects on the teeth. This may result in erosion.

NO contact with alcohol, combustible substances, reducing agents or water.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorosulfonic acid is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 4 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can be lethal.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 2 - Materials that readily undergo violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures.|W - No water: Materials that react violently or explosively with water.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

LC50 MOUSE INHALATION 52.5 MG/CU M/2 HR|LC50 RAT INHALATION 38.5 MG/CU M/4 HR

Chlorosulfonic acid may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of detergents, pharmaceuticals, sulfonating agents for dyes, pesticides, ion-exchange resins, anhydrous hydrogen chloride, and smoke-producing chemicals(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to soil, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze if the soil is moist, based upon the reported violent hydrolysis by water(1,SRC). Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, biodegradation, adsorption to and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of chlorosulfonic acid in soil were located(SRC). Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), volatilization from dry near-surface soil or other surfaces may be a significant process(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to water, it will be hydrolyzed violently by the water producing hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid(1). Based upon this rapid and violent hydrolysis, bioconcentration, biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment and suspended solids are not expected to be significant processes(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to the atmosphere, it will be expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase(1) based upon a reported vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2). It may be susceptible to hydrolysis in moist air based upon its rapid hydrolysis in aqueous solution(4,SRC) and the report that the chemical fumes in air(5). It will be susceptible to photooxidation via vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm has been calculated for this process based upon an estimated rate constant(3,SRC).

Chlorosulfonic acid reacts violently with water, hydrolyzing to hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid(1) which indicates that the compound has a very short half-life in aqueous media(SRC). Chlorosulfonic acid fumes in air(3) suggesting that the compound may be susceptible to hydrolysis in the atmosphere(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of chlorosulfonic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 0.036X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be a significant process(SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), adsorption to soil is not expected to be a significant process(SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), it is not possible to estimate the half-life for volatilization from these media(SRC). Volatilization from water and moist soil, however, is not expected to be significant relative to rapid hydrolysis(SRC). Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), volatilization of chlorosulfonic acid from surfaces and near-surface dry soil may be significant processes(SRC).

Exposure to chlorosulfonic acid will be primarily occupational via inhalation and possibly dermal contact. (SRC)|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,260 workers are potentially exposed to chlorosulfonic acid in the USA(1). NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 1,690 workers are potentially exposed to chlorosulfonic acid in the USA(2).

INHALATION: vapor extremely irritating to lungs and mucous membranes. Vapor has such a sharp and pentrating odor that inhalation of severely toxic quantities is unlikely unless it is impossible to escape the fumes. CONTACT WITH EYES OR SKIN: liquid acid will severely burn body tissue. (USCG, 1999)

Call a physician in all cases. INHALATION: remove victim to fresh air; if he is not breathing, apply artificial respiration; give oxygen if breathing is difficult; do NOT induce vomiting. SKIN: flush with plenty of water for at least 15 min. while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

IN CHEMISTRY LAB, 1 PATIENT /HOLDING FLASK CONTAINING 30 ML OF CHLOROSULFONIC ACID PLUS CHLOROBENZENE AT ABOUT ROOM TEMP ACCIDENTALLY DROPPED ... IT/ INTO WATER & RESULTING EXPLOSION PROJECTED CONTENTS INTO HIS FACE ... HE WAS ABLE TO WASH ... EYES WITH WATER ... WITHIN FEW SECONDS. BURNS OF CORNEA & CONJUNCTIVA WERE RESTRICTED TO PALPEBRAL FISSURE. BURNS OF LIDS WERE MORE SEVERE /& SUBSEQUENTLY UNDERWENT INCREASING SWELLING & LOSS OF PATCHES OF SKIN./ ... WITHIN 2 WK LIDS WERE HEALING WELL & CORNEAS HAD ONLY TINY AREAS OF UNHEALED EPITHELIUM ... VISION WAS RETURNING TO NORMAL.|SYMPTOMATOLOGY ( ... INGESTION OR SKIN CONTACT): 1. CORROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MOUTH, THROAT ... ESOPHAGUS, WITH ... PAIN & DYSPHAGIA. NECROTIC AREAS ... GRAYISH WHITE BUT SOON ... BLACKISH DISCOLORATION (YELLOW IN CASE OF NITRIC ACID) & SOMETIMES SHRUNK OR WRINKLED TEXTURE. 2. EPIGASTRIC PAIN ... MAY BE ASSOC WITH NAUSEA & VOMITING ... INTENSE THIRST. 3. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE ... CLAMMY SKIN, WEAK & RAPID PULSE, SHALLOW RESP ... SCANTY URINE. ... SHOCK IS OFTEN ... CAUSE OF DEATH. 4. ASPHYXIAL DEATH DUE TO GLOTTIC EDEMA. 5. ULCERATION OF ALL MEMBRANES & TISSUES WITH WHICH ACID COMES IN CONTACT. ULCERATED AREAS OFTEN PERFORATE, LEADING TO MEDIASTINITIS & PERITONITIS. 6. LATE ESOPHAGEAL, GASTRIC & PYLORIC STRUCTURES & STENOSIS ... MAY REQUIRE ... SURGICAL REPAIR, SHOULD BE ANTICIPATED. PERMANENT SCARS MAY ... APPEAR IN CORNEA, SKIN & OROPHARYNX. 7. UNCORRECTED CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE OF SEVERAL HR ... MAY LEAD TO RENAL FAILURE & ISCHEMIC LESIONS IN LIVER & HEART. /ACIDS/|... EXTREMELY CAUSTIC LIQUID WHICH GIVES OFF FUMES VERY IRRITATING TO EYES & RESP PASSAGES.

chlorosulfonic acid

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Serious skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns.

APPROXIMATELY 40% AS A CHEM INT FOR SULFATE SURFACTANTS; 20% AS A CHEM INT FOR PHARMACEUTICALS; 15% AS A CHEM INT FOR DYES; 8% AS A CHEM INT FOR PESTICIDES; 5% AS A CHEM INT FOR ION-EXCHANGE RESINS; AND 12% FOR MISCELLANEOUS USES (1968).|Toluenesulfonamides, 33%; surfactants, 27%; dyes, 18%; herbicides, 11%; pharmaceuticals, 4%; miscellaneous, 7%, (1982).

Technical Grade

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Chlorosulfuric acid: ACTIVE|Exports, chiefly to Canada, and imports are small.

Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Reactive - 2nd degree