Barium carbonate

197.33600

197.89000

246-600-8

6P669D8HQ8

0777

1564

DTXSID1029623

White, heavy powder

2836600000

63.19000

-2.44700

White powder

4.43 g/cm³

811 °C

1450 °C

169.8ºC

Indices of refraction: 1.529, 1.676, 1.677

H2O: 0.002 g/100 mL (20 ºC);Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 0.002 (very poor)

Storage Room low temperature ventilation drying ,With acids, food additives separate storage

Essentially zero

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 418 mg/kg

Odorless

Tasteless

At about 1300 °C, decomposes into barium oxide and carbon dioxide|Mohs hardness: 3.5

It is insoluble in water and soluble in most acids, with the exception of sulfuric acid.

Carbonate Salts

Salts, basic, such as BARIUM CARBONATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

III

6.1(b)

UN 1564 6.1/PG 3

-

R22

S24/25

CQ8600000

Xn

Separated from bromotrifluoride, strong acids and food and feedstuffs.

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids.

P301 + P312 + P330

H302

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Group III Containers (both combustible and non-combustible) that previously held organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides should be triple rinsed, punctured and disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Non-rinsed containers should be encapsulated and buried at a specially designated landfill site. /Organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides/|... Ion exchange, lime softening and reverse osmosis are effective to remove barium from drinking water. Conventional coagulation/filtration processes are not effective to remove barium from drinking water. /Barium ion/|Package lots. Place in a separate labeled container for recycling or disposal. Small quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Avoid breathing dust. Dissolve the barium salt in the minimum volume of water. For each gram of barium salt, add 15 mL of 10% sodium sulfate solution. Let stand for 1 week. Test for completeness of precipitation by adding a few drops of 10% sodium sulfate solution. If required, add more sodium sulfate solution until no further precipitation occurs. Decant supernatant liquid or filter solid. Treat solid as normal refuse. Wash liquid into drain. /Barium salt/

Reacts violently with strong acids. Reacts violently with bromotrifluoride causing fire hazard.|Incompatible with /bromine trifluoride/ and 2-furanpercarboxylic acid.

U.S. Dept Health & Human Services/Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry; Toxicological Profile for Barium and Barium Compounds (August 2007) Toxicological Profile 24. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for a hazardous substance.[Available from, as of July 23, 2010: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp]|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) for Barium and compounds (7440-39-3) Toxicological Review.[Available from, as of March, 1998: http://www.epa.gov/iris/]|WHO; Environ Health Criteria 107: Barium (1990). EHC are designed for scientists and administrators responsible for the establishment of safety standards and regulations and provide basic scientific risk evaluations of a wide range of chemicals and groups of chemicals.[Available from, as of August 3, 2010: http://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html]|European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Barium carbonate, natural (513-77-9) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of August 9, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1319 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P310, P304+P340, P307+P311, P312, P314, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P301+P310, P307+P311, P308+P313, P321, P330, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Dust respirator (USCG, 1999)|Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with barium carbonate ... or liq containing ... /this/ cmpd. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use dust and splash proof safety goggles where barium carbonate ... or liq containing ... /this/ cmpd may contact the eyes.

Not combustible

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.|Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.|Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.|Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped matrial with suction hoses.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Do not use water.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind ... Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Barium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Barium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Barium compound, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Barium compound, NOS/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Barium carbonate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from bromotrifluoride, strong acids and food and feedstuffs.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly , especially if powdered.

May cause mechanical irritation. Exposure could cause hypokalaemia. This may result in cardiac disorders and muscular disorders.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

D005; A waste containing barium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Barium/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Barium/

D005; A solid waste containing barium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Barium/

IDENTIFICATION: In nature barium occurs in a combined state, the principal forms being barite (barium sulfate) and witherite (barium carbonate). Barium carbonate has a very low water solubility. Barium and its compounds are used in diverse industrial products ranging from ceramics to lubricants. It is used in the manufacture of alloys, as a loader for paper, soap, rubber and linoleum, in the manufacture of valves and as an extinguisher for radium, uranium and plutonium fires. Anthropogenic sources of barium are primarily industrial. Emissions may result from mining, refining or processing barium minerals and the manufacture of barium products. Mining and processing of barite ore releases particulates into the air and from fugitive dists from the use of barite in oil drilling and oil related industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE: It is difficult to assess the uptake of ingested barium because of a number of factors affect absorption. ANIMAL/PLANT STUDIES: Insoluble barium compounds such as barium carbonate, accumulate in the lungs and are cleared slowly ciliary action. Oral or inhalation administration of barium carbonate in rats resulted in adverse reproductive effects. In addition, the death rate was higher in the new born offspring of barium treated dams.

The fatal dose of barium carbonate is 0.8 g and death occurs within 2 to 12 hours.

LD50 Rat oral 630-750 mg/kg|LD50 Wild Norway rat oral 1480 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 418 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 200 mg/kg /From table/|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Barium carbonate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Very limited data are available on the toxicity of barium carbonate to aquatic species, but in natural fresh and marine waters the presence of sulfate ions will limit the availability of the barium ion, which is the toxic moiety of most barium salts. Ba++, dissociated from the carbonate salt, will precipitate with sulfate ions to insoluble BaSO4.|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ No specific data are available, but due to the ubiquitous presence of barium (mostly as the sulfate or carbonate salt) in soil, the toxicity of barium carbonate to soil dwelling organisms is not deemed of particular concern.|/FIELD STUDIES/ In December 2003, the USEPA released an amended list of 15 "candidate pollutants for exposure and hazard screening" with regard to biosolids land application, including Ba. Therefore, /it was/ decided to monitor soil Ba concentrations from a dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow agroecosystem experiment. This experiment received 10 biennial biosolids applications (1982-2003) at rates from 0 to 26.8 dry Mg/ha per application year. The study was conducted on a Platner loam (Aridic Paleustoll), approximately 30 km east of Brighton, CO. Total soil Ba ... increased with increasing biosolids application rate. In the soil-extraction data from 1988 to 2003, however, we observed significant (P < 0.10) linear or exponential declines in ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable Ba concentrations as a function of increasing biosolids application rates. This was observed in 6 of 7 and 3 of 7 yr for the 0- to 20- and 20- to 60-cm soil depths, respectively. Results suggest that while total soil Ba increased as a result of biosolids application with time, the mineral form of Ba was present in forms not extractable with AB-DTPA. ... /This/ research showed that biosolids application may increase total soil Ba, but soil Ba precipitates are insoluble and should not be an environmental concern in similar soils under similar climatic and management conditions.

Barium is a naturally occurring element found in the earth's crust(1) that enters the environment through the weathering of rocks and minerals(SRC). The principal barium minerals are barite (barium sulfate) and witherite (barium carbonate)(1).|Ores of ... witherite are found in Georgia, Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, California, Nevada, Canada, Mexico.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 88,778 workers (13,598 of these were female) were potentially exposed to barium carbonate in the US(1); the NOES Survey does not include farm workers.|Potential occupational exposure is as follows: barium carbonate 200,000 /people/.

When barium carbonate was mistakenly used as an X-ray contrast medium, six patients survived 133 gm each (about 1900 mg/kg) but another died after only 53 gm. The author cited earlier reports indicating that as little as 4 gm (about 57 mg/kg) has proved fatal. However, such incidents must be rare...|The fatal dose of barium carbonate is 0.8 g and death occurs within 2 to 12 hours.

0.06 mg barium/animal (as barium carbonate) was given im to rats (strain not given). Most of the dose was resorbed from the injection site within 3 days. 20% of the initial dose remained in the body (mostly in the skeleton) after 280 days. Average barium carbonate concentration at 1 hr was 50% that of barium chloride.|... The absorption of specific barium salt anions /was examined/ in male Sprague-Dawley rats administered radiolabelled barium chloride, sulfate, or carbonate to fasted (24 hr) and non-fasted rats /strain not given/ by gastric intubation. Animals were sacrificed from 2 to 480 min after administration and blood concentrations were measured. In general, barium blood concentrations were higher in fasted animals and reached a peak 15 min after dosing, whereas non-fasted animals had lower barium blood concentrations and peaked 60 min after dosing. The peak blood concentration of the carbonate and sulfate salts were 45% and 85%, respectively, of that of the chloride.|A study ... in which rats /strain not given/ were exposed to barium chloride and barium carbonate in drinking water found the following non-skeletal distribution (skeletal tissue was not examined in the study) 24 hours after ingestion: heart > eye > skeletal muscle > kidney > blood > liver.

The in vivo solubility in rats of barium chloride, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, and barium fused in clay /was studied/. The chloride and the carbonate disappeared rapidly from the injection site. The sulfate dissolved more slowly; a half-life of 26 days was calculated. The fused clay was largely retained, the half-life being calculated as 1390 days.

Accidental or intentional ingestion of soluble barium salts (e.g., barium carbonate, barium chloride) produces hypokalemia and acute hypertension. Systemic effects of acute barium toxicity include vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac arrhythmia, muscular paralysis, and death. The acute pathophysiological effects of barium are linked with two modes of action: direct muscular stimulation (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth), and hypokalemia. The latter effect is associated with the ability of the barium ion to block potassium (K+) channels and interfere with passive K+ diffusion.|Barium mimics calcium in several tissues and fluids and in physiological functions in which calcium is involved, especially in neurotransmission. Barium would cause a potassium-like depolarization of nerve fibers and calcium influx. Barium ions cause asynchronous release of large numbers of quanta of acetylcholine during trains of impulses; it also causes release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic nerve terminals and catecholamines from the adrenal medulla.

0.06-0.12% total sulfur as S /Commercial material/

(INGESTION ONLY): excessive salivation, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and violent purging with watery and bloody stools; a slow and often irregular pulse and a transient elevation in arterial blood pressure; tinnitus, giddiness and vertigo; muscle twitchings, progressing to convulsions and/or paralysis; dilated pupils with impaired accommodation; confusion and increasing somnolence, without coma; collapse and death from respiratory failure and cardiac arrest. (USCG, 1999)

Rapid oral administration of a soluble sulfate in water, such as magnesium or sodium sulfate (2 oz), alum (4 gm), or very dilute sulfuric acid (30 ml of a 10% solution diluted to 1 qt). These agents precipitate barium as the insoluble sulfate. Gastric lavage or induced emesis. Seek medical attention. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Barium and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Barium and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Barium and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Most patients with barium intoxication have gastrointestinal and cardiac involvement with tetraplegia. Barium carbonate is a rare cause of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Diarrhea and arrhythmias are due to direct stimulatory action of barium ions on smooth and cardiac muscles. Heart failure and hypertension may occur in a few cases. Barium blocks the potassium channels and thus potassium efflux from the muscle is reduced whereas the sodium-potassium pump is intact. This causes increased potassium in the muscle and decreased resting membrane potential. Barium acts mainly at the neuromuscular junction by this mechanism. The fatal dose of barium carbonate is 0.8 g and death occurs within 2 to 12 hours.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ There are a number of reports of serious health effects in individuals intentionally or accidentally exposed to barium carbonate... . The predominant effect is hypokalemia, which can result in ventricular tachycardia, hypertension and/or hypotension, muscle weakness, and paralysis ... In addition to the effects associated with hypokalemia, gastrointestinal effects such as vomiting, abdominal cramps, and watery diarrhea are typically reported shortly after ingestion.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are excessive salivation, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, violent diarrhea; increased blood pressure; tinnitis, giddiness, vertigo; muscle twitching, convulsions, paralysis; dilated pupils; confusion, somnolence; cardiac arrest; death due to respiratory failure.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... A benign pneumoconiosis (baritosis) may result from inhalation of ... barium carbonate. It is not incapacitating and is usually reversible with cessation of exposure.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Barium carbonate (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

barium carbonate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness.

45% as an ingredient in glass; 25% as an anti-scumming agent in brick and clay products; 7% as a raw material for barium ferrites; 4% as a chemical intermediate for photographic paper coating; 19% for miscellaneous uses (1974)|In 2000, 50% of the barium carbonate produced was used in glass manufacturing. Other uses include manufacturing of brick and clay products, barium chemicals, barium ferrites, and in the production of photographic papers.

Grades: Technical, CP, reagent 99.5%.|ACS grade; -8 mesh particle size, 99 and 99.999% purity grades; 9.9% powder grade; type A & B, powder; type C & D, granular grades|Grades or purity: Reagent grade- 99.0%; ceramic grade- 99.3%; glass grade- 98.8%; electronic ceramic grade- 99.6%|Rat baits usually prepared of one part barium carbonate and four parts of a protein carbonate rich food as rolled oats, fish meal, etc, moistened with milk or water.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Carbonic acid, barium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|Occurs in nature as the mineral witherite.