Ethylparaben

166.17400

166.17

232-577-1

14255EXE39

755851|23514|8510

DTXSID9022528

Small, colorless crystals or powder at room temperature|Crystals from dilute alcohol

2918290000

46.53000

2.5

Almost odourless, small, colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder

1.168 g/cm3

116 °C

297.5 °C

120.3ºC

1.538

H2O: 0.885 mg/mL at 25 °C

0-6ºC

0.000759mmHg at 25°C

Odorless

Henry's Law constant = 4.79X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 8.34

125.4 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]|135.75 Ų [M-H]-

ODORLESS /ESTERS OF PARA-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.26X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

NONH for all modes of transport

1

R36/37/38

S24/25

DH2190000

Xi

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.

P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P331, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H304

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases

Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Amended Report on the Safety Assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben as used in Cosmetic Products. Int J Toxicol 27 Suppl 4: 1-82 (2008)[Available from, as of November 21, 2016: http://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/PR427.pdf]

|Danger|H304 (85.47%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]|P261, P264, P272, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P331, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1218 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]|P273, and P501

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place.|Respiratory protection Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

... when tested using Human Patch tests (undiluted material) only a limited number of people developed mild skin irritation.

The average concentration of ethylparaben in 21 influent and effluent samples from wastewater treatment plants on the Turia River, Valencia, Spain were 72 ng/L (21 samples positive) and not detected (21 samples positive), respectively. Sampling was conducted in October, 2012; limit of quantitation effluent = 1.5(1). The compound was detected at a range of 589-2002, 4-50 and 1-13 ng/L in influent, final effluent and surface waters, respectively, in the UK(2).

SEDIMENT: The average concentration of ethylparaben from 22 sediment samples from the Turia River, Valencia, Spain was 23 ng/g (19 samples positive). Sampling was conducted in October, 2012; limit of quantitation = 2.6(1).

Ethylparaben concentrations in 158 indoor dust samples (13 cities, 4 countries) from the United States, China, Korea and Japan(1).[Table#2496]

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethylparaben forms small colorless crystals, or white powder. Ethylparaben inhibits the growth of fungi and bacteria and is used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals, adhesives, and various cosmetic preparations. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Ethylparaben was a skin irritant in man. It gave no evidence of sensitizing potential in a human study. The paraben esters as a generic class are rare sensitizers when applied to the intact skin of man. Application to the damaged skin is a more common cause of sensitization. A methyl:ethyl:propylparaben mixture has been shown on oral administration to exacerbate pre-existing skin complaints. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ethylparaben was an eye irritant in rabbits. A low acute oral toxicity has been demonstrated for ethylparaben in laboratory animals. Limited long-term studies in rats have also indicated a low toxicity and have generated no evidence of carcinogenic activity. Ethylparaben in the diet produced cell proliferation in the forestomach of rats. No evidence of mutagenicity was reported in limited Ames Bacterial tests. Ethylparaben did increase chromosomal aberrations in a Chinese Hamster ovary cell assay, but similar effects were not seen in rats treated with ethylparaben. Fetal toxicity at maternally toxic dose levels occurred in female rats treated orally during pregnancy. Ethylparaben was nonteratogenic in rats. In one in vitro study, sperm were not viabile at concentrations as low as 8 mg/mL for Ethylparaben, but an in vivo study of 0.1% or 1.0% for Ethylparaben in the diet of mice reported no spermatotoxic effects.

The biological fates of ethyl paraben after the simultaneous administration with salicylic acid were different from those of ethyl paraben alone as reported in the previous reports. The excretion of unconjugated p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is a hydrolyzed product of ethyl paraben, increased and those of p-hydroxyhippuric acid, glycine conjugate of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoyl glucuronide, its ester type glucuronide, decreased. The blood concentration patterns were considerably different from those of ethyl paraben alone, especially the elimination of every metabolite was delayed. Pharmacokinetic analyses on the data of blood concentration were carried out and the results also show the interaction of salicylic acid on the biological fate of ethyl paraben.

LD50 Rat (female) oral 4.30 g/kg|LD50 Rat oral 11.0 g/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 2.0 g/kg /From table/|LD50 Rabbit oral 5.0 g/kg /From table/|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYLPARABEN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicity of 21 parabens and their chlorinated derivatives was investigated by means of two toxicity bioassays: Daphnia magna immobilization test and the inhibition of bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri. The median effective concentration (EC(50)) values of the tested parabens ranged from 2.2 to 62 mg/L in the D. magna test and from 0.0038 to 5.9 mg/L in the V. fischeri test at 15 min after exposure. The toxicity of dichlorinated methyl- and n-propylparaben, the most commonly used preservatives in cosmetics, toward D. magna was 3.9- and 2.8-fold that of their corresponding parent compounds. Toxicity toward D. magna showed a linear relationship with log P, indicating that toxicity increases with increasing hydrophobicity. On the other hand, the correlations of toxicity toward V. fischeri with hydrophobicity and with the degree of chlorination were poor. In addition, the results of the present study indicated that the V. fischeri test was more sensitive than the D. magna test for the determination of the acute toxicity of parabens. A complete assessment of the ecological and toxicological risks of parabens may require the examination of chlorinated parabens as well as the parent pollutants, as described in the present study.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The chronic toxicity of 12 compounds of parabens and their chlorinated by-products was investigated using 7-day Ceriodaphnia dubia test under static renewal condition in order to generate information on how to disinfect by-products of preservatives that are discharged in aquatic systems. The mortality and inhibition of reproduction tended to increase with increasing hydrophobicity and decreased with the degree of chlorination of parabens. The EC50 values for mortality, offspring number, and first brood production ranged between 0.30-3.1, 0.047-12, and 1.3-6.3 mg/L, respectively. For the number of neonates, the most sensitive endpoint, the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) values ranged from 0.63 to 10 mg/L and from 1.2 to 19 mg/L, respectively. Methylparaben (MP), benzylparaben (BnP), and dichlorinated BnP (Cl2BnP) elicited a significant decrease in offspring numbers even at their lowest concentration tested; the NOEC for these compounds was determined to be less than the lowest test concentration (1.3, 0.04, and 0.63 mg/L for MP, BnP, and Cl2BnP, respectively). Propylparaben (PP), chlorinated PP, isopropylparaben (iPP), and chlorinated iPP exhibited nonmonotonic concentration-dependent response; their NOEC and LOEC values could not be determined. The multivariate approach involving principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four groups that corresponded to the toxicological profiles of parabens. Our results suggested that disinfection of parabens by chlorination could reduce aquatic toxicity of original compounds. The findings obtained in our study together with the data available on paraben concentrations in aquatic systems can be used to perform preliminary risk assessment by comparing the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) with the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. The calculated PEC/PNEC ratios ranged from 0.0012 to 0.2, with the highest value observed in MP. This suggested that there are negligible environmental risks for aquatic organisms at current use levels.

Ethylparaben's production and use as a preservative for pharmaceuticals, adhesives and cosmetics(1,2) and in food packaging(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 119 to 209(2) indicate that ethylparaben is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of ethylparaben is 8.34(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of ethylparaben from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Ethylparaben is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.3X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(6). Half-lives of about 14 days and 3.5 days were measured in aerobic screening tests conducted with phenol- and cresol-acclimated sludge over 7 day and 1 day incubation periods(7,8), respectively, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 119 to 209(2), indicate that ethylparaben is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 20(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.47(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Half-lives of about 14 days and 3.5 days were measured in aerobic screening tests conducted with phenol- and cresol-acclimated sludge over 7 day and 1 day incubation periods(8,9), respectively, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethylparaben, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.3X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylparaben is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be one day(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase ethylparaben may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Ethylparaben contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethylparaben with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about one day at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 6.0X10-3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 37 and 3.7 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Although hydrolysis of ethylparaben is possible, it is not expected to be an important fate process under environmental conditions(SRC). Ethylparaben contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 20 was calculated for ethylparaben(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.47(1) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

162.18 L/kg|Koc values of 209, 162 and 119 have been reported for acidic forest soil, agricultural soil and sediment samples obtained from Lake Constance, Germany, respectively(1). Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), these Koc values indicate that ethylparaben is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of ethylparaben is 8.34(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

The Henry's Law constant for ethylparaben is estimated as 4.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethylparaben is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Ethylparaben is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.3X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

DRINKING WATER: Ethylparaben was not detected in 8 of 8 drinking water samples from different cities in the Turia River Basin, Spain. The average concentration in mineral waters was 2 ng/L (2 of 2 samples positive). Sampling was conducted in October, 2012; limit of quantitation = 0.3(1).|SURFACE WATER: Ethylbaraben was detected in the Turia River, Valencia, Spain. The average concentration from 22 samples was 16 ng/L (13 samples positive). Sampling was conducted in October, 2012; limit of quantitation = 1.0(1).

Occurrence of ethylparaben in food samples collected from several grocery stores in Albany, NY in 2008, 2011 and 2012(1).[Table#2495]

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,591 workers (1,145 of these are female) are potentially exposed to ethylparaben in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethylparaben may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylparaben is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to ethylparaben via ingestion and dermal contact through use of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products containing this compound(SRC).

Ethylparaben concentrations below the quantitation limit (0.02 ng/mL) to 2.69 ng/mL and 0.11-31.7 ng/mL in urine samples from children from the United States and China, respectively. Levels in adults were below the quantitation limit to 47.5 ng/mL and below the quantitation limit to 119 ng/mL, respectively(1). Ethylparaben had a frequency of detection of 58% in urine samples from a group of US male and female adults sampled from 2003 to 2005(2).

By the oral route, parabens are rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted. The metabolic reactions and conversions in mammals vary with the chain length of the ester, the animal species, route of administration, and quantity tested. The metabolism of parabens in humans appears to be most closely related to that of dogs. The rate of metabolite excretion appears to decrease with increasing molecular weight of the ester. /4-Hydroxybenzoates (Parabens)/|... Deposition of parabens in dogs. Urine recoveries ranged from 50-95% except for butyl ester for which recoveries were 40%. /It/... was concluded that esters are well absorbed and that hydrolysis of ester linkage and metabolic conjugation constitute chief route of elimination. Similar metabolic scheme ... in man. /Parabens/|The permeation of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben through untreated and lipid-depleted excised guinea pig dorsal skin, and the effects of 3 penetration enhancers, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone (lauryl pyrrolidone), ethyl alcohol (ethanol), and a mixture of menthol (l-menthol) and ethyl alcohol, on the permeation of the parabens were studied; the relationship between the permeability and octyl alcohol (n-octanol)/water partition coefficients of the parabens, and the effect of the penetration enhancers on the fluidity of the lipid bilayer of liposomes containing stratum corneum lipids were also examined. Permeability coefficients of the parabens correlated with their octyl alcohol/water partition coefficients in untreated guinea pig skin. In lipid-depleted guinea pig skin, permeability coefficients of the parabens increased and did not correlate with their octyl alcohol/water partition coefficients. The effect of the penetration enhancers on the permeation of the parabens was variable. The penetration enhancers increased the fluidity of liposome lipid bilayers.|After ethyl paraben is intravenously infused into the dog, unhydrolyzed ethyl paraben is found only in the brain. In liver, kidney, and muscle, it is immediately hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Six hours after oral administration of 1.0 g/kg to dogs, the peak plasma concentration of free and total ethyl paraben (427 and 648 ug/cu cm, respectively) is reached. After 48 hr, all ethyl paraben is completely eliminated.

Yields p-hydroxybenzoic acid in pig and in Aspergillus. /from table/|/Paraben/ ... esters are well absorbed and hydrolysis of ester linkage and metabolic conjugation constitute chief route of elimination /in dogs/. Similar metabolic scheme was observed in man. /Paraben esters/|Urine from cats who had received (14)C-labeled ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, orally contained 2 major metabolites, p-hydroxyhippuric acid and free p-hydroxybenzoic acid.|In mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, or dogs, ethyl paraben is excreted in the urine as unchanged benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxyhippuric acid (p-hydroxybenzoylglycine), ester glucuronides, ether glucuronides, or ether sulfates.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for ETHYLPARABEN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|Ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoate has known human metabolites that include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, and Butylparaben were each applied to the backs of 50 humans at concentrations of 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 % in propylene glycol. Test compounds were applied daily for 5 days, and patches were then removed and the sites scored. The concentrations of individual Parabens that produced no irritation were Methylparaben, 5%; Ethylparaben, 7%; Propylparaben, 12%; and Butylparaben, 5%. Higher concentrations produced some evidence of irritation. In a repeated insult patch test (RIPT), each Paraben at the "no effect" concentration above was applied to the skin of 50 subjects (25M/25F) for 4 to 8 hrs every other day for 3 weeks (10 applications). Following a 3-week rest, the materials were reapplied at induction concentrations for 24 to 48 hrs. No sensitization was reported.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Methylparaben and Ethylparaben, in increasing concentrations, were studied for their effect on the oral mucous membrane of 39 subjects. They described toxic limit concentrations for Methylparaben and Ethylparaben of 5 and 10 %, respectively. One subject had a reaction of the oral mucous membrane to Methylparaben.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Ethyl paraben may cause occasional hypersensitivity, usually manifested as dermatitis.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ointments containing ethyl paraben can cause redness and swelling of eyelids from allergic contact dermatitis. Ingestion of a 0.03% aqueous ethyl paraben solution has caused irritation to the intestinal mucosa and a "feltlike" sensation in the mouth.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETHYLPARABEN (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ethyl paraben

Trade Names: Aseptoform E, Bobomold OE, Easeptol, Ethyl butex, Ethyl parasept, Mycoten, Napagin A, Nipagina A, Nipazin A, Sobrol A, Solbrol A, and Tegosept E.

Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester: ACTIVE|The parabens are most active against molds and yeasts. They are less effective against bacteria, especially gram-negative bacteria. /Parabens/

By combining chromatographic methods with spectrophotometry /it is possible/ ... to separate and quantitatively determine sorbic acid, benzoic acid and methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. /Parabens/|Determinations of parabens in aqueous solutions by gas-liquid chromatography.|Chromatography, especially high-pressure liquid chromatography, is used presently for determination of parabens in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Parabens may be determined directly, or they may be chemically modified and the derivative subsequently identified. /Parabens/|Parabens are widely used in ... cosmetics and personal care products. Thus, in this work a multi-syringe chromatographic (MSC) system is proposed for the first time for the determination of four parabens: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) in cosmetics and personal care products, as a simpler, practical, and low cost alternative to HPLC methods. Separation was achieved using a 5 mm-long precolumn of reversed phase C18 and multi-isocratic separation, i.e. using two consecutive mobile phases, 12:88 acetonitrile:water and 28:72 acetonitrile:water. The use of a multi-syringe buret allowed the easy implementation of chemiluminescent (CL) detection after separation. The chemiluminescent detection is based on the reduction of Ce(IV) by p-hydroxybenzoic acid, product of the acid hydrolysis of parabens, to excite rhodamine 6G (Rho 6G) and measure the resulting light emission. Multivariate designs combined with the concepts of multiple response treatments and desirability functions have been employed to simultaneously optimize and evaluate the responses. The optimized method has proved to be sensitive and precise, obtaining limits of detection between 20 and 40 ug L(-1) and RSD <4.9% in all cases. The method was satisfactorily applied to cosmetics and personal care products, obtaining no significant differences at a confidence level of 95% comparing with the HPLC reference method.

Bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenones and parabens are commonly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, as UV-filters and as antimicrobial preservatives, respectively, and they are thought to exhibit endocrine disrupting properties. Exposure to these compounds remains poorly characterized in developing countries, despite the fact that certain behaviors related to westernization have the potential to influence exposure. The aim of this pilot study was to measure urinary concentrations of BPA, six different benzophenones and four parabens in 34 Tunisian women. In addition, we identified some socio-demographic and dietary predictors of exposure to these compounds. Chemical analyses were carried out by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS). Detection frequencies of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP) and propylparaben (PP) ranged between 67.6 and 94.1%. Butylparaben (BP) was found in 38.2% of the analyzed samples; BPA in 64.7%; and benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) were detected in 91.2 and 64.7% of the analyzed samples, respectively. Urinary geometric mean concentrations of MP, EP, PP, and BP were 30.1, 1.4, 2.0 and 0.5ng/mL, respectively. Geometric mean concentrations of BPA, BP-1, and BP-3 were 0.4, 1.3 and 1.1ng/mL, respectively. Our results suggest that Tunisian women are widely exposed to BPA, parabens and some benzophenones.|Parabens are the most widely used preservative and are considered to be relatively safe compounds. However, studies have demonstrated that they may have estrogenic activity, and there is ongoing debate regarding the safety and potential cancer risk of using products containing these compounds. In the present work, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to determine methylparaben and propylparaben concentrations in serum, and the results were correlated with lipstick application. Samples were analyzed using liquid-liquid extraction, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The validation results demonstrated the linearity of the method over a range of 1-20 ng/mL, in addition to the method's precision and accuracy. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between serum parabens in women who used lipstick containing these substances compared with those not using this cosmetic (p = 0.0005 and 0.0016, respectively), and a strong association was observed between serum parabens and lipstick use (Spearman correlation = 0.7202).

Food additives|Food Additives -> PRESERVATIVE; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Preservative

Food Additives -> PRESERVATIVE;