Tetramethylammonium chloride

109.59800

109.06600

200-880-8

DCQ9S88703

1099

2811

DTXSID6021749

Bipyramidal from dilute alcohol|White crystalline solid

29239000

0

log Kow = -4.18 (est)

DryPowder; Liquid

1.17 g/cm³

368-370 °C (decomp)

H2O: >60 g/100 mL (20 ºC);Solubility in water at 20°C: very good

Store at RT.

1.2X10-8 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 50 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat 537 mg/kg

Henry's Law constant = 4.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hygroscopic|When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, NH3, and Cl(-).|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

II

6.1

UN 2811

1

R25; R36/37/38

S26-S28-S37/39-S45

BS7700000

T

Separated from oxidants. Dry. Well closed.

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, water. Hygroscopic.

P260-P273-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P302 + P352 + P312-P308 + P311

H300-H311-H315-H370-H411

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Not combustible.

|Danger|H300 (75.64%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 211 companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P361, P362, P363, P405, and P501

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Personal protection: P3 filter respirator for toxic particles.

Separated from oxidants. Dry. Well closed.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

Use ventilation. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

LD50 Mouse sc 40 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 25 mg/kg

Tetramethylammonium chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate, catalyst, and inhibitor(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in hydrofracking fluid as a clay stabilizer(2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetramethylammonium chloride is expected to have high very mobility in soil(SRC). Tetramethylammonium chloride is a salt, indicating that this compound will exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(3). Volatilization of tetramethylammonium chloride from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Tetramethylammonium chloride is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). That no biodegradation occurred using activated sludge in a respirometer test(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil; cation compounds are known to be toxic to microorganisms(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetramethylammonium chloride is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Tetramethylammonium chloride is a salt and exists in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9; therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -4.18(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). That no biodegradation occurred using activated sludge in a respirometer test(5) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water; cation compounds are known to be toxic to microorganisms(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetramethylammonium chloride, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetramethylammonium chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 25 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase tetramethylammonium chloride may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Tetramethylammonium chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tetramethylammonium chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 25 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Tetramethylammonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, therefore, it is not expected to undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(2). Tetramethylammonium chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for tetramethylammonium chloride(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -4.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimtion method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tetramethylammonium chloride can be estimated to be 8(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetramethylammonium chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Tetramethylammonium chloride is a salt, indicating that this compound will exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(3). Tetramethylammonium chloride at 37% of the cation exchange capacity was shown to inhibit electroactive anion probe transport properties in a Swy-1 montmorillonite clay(4).

The Henry's Law constant for tetramethylammonium chloride is estimated as 4.2X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tetramethylammonium chloride is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Tetramethylammonium chloride is a salt and exists in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9; therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Tetramethylammonium chloride is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of tetramethylammonium chloride is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,840 workers (1,777 of these are female) are potentially exposed to tetramethylammonium chloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tetramethylammonium chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tetramethylammonium chloride is produced or used(SRC).

Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the nonspecific cholinergic agonists. (See all compounds classified as Ganglionic Stimulants.)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Inhibitory effects of paraquat and structurally related compounds on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in human erythrocytes and the electric organs of electric-eels (Electrophorus-electricus) were studied in-vitro. ... Human erythrocyte and electric-eel AChE and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were incubated with paraquat, diquat, d-tubocurarine, edrophonium, trimethylphenylammonium-chloride or tetramethylammonium-chloride. The effects on AChE and BuChE of the preparations were examined and Hill plots were constructed. Paraquat and d-tubocurarine had Hill coefficients less than 1, whereas the Hill coefficients of the other compounds were close to 1. All compounds inhibited human erythrocyte and electric-eel AChE to a greater extent than human plasma BuChE. ...

tetraamethylammonium acetate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Headache. Sore throat. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Methanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1): ACTIVE

Cosmetics -> Viscosity controlling