Benzoyl chloride

140.56700

140.57

202-710-8

VTY8706W36

1015

1736

DTXSID9026631

Liquid|Transparent, colorless liquid|Colorless, fuming liquid|Colorless to slightly yellow liquid

-1℃

2916320000

17.07000

2.06560

Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 162°F. Lachrymator, irritating to skin and eyes. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Density 10.2 lb / gal. Used in medicine and in the manufacture of other chemicals.

1.2070 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

-1.0 °C

197.2 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

68ºC

1.552-1.554

Solubility in water: reaction

Store at 0-5ºC

1 mm Hg ( 32 °C)

4.88 (vs air)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2460 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 790 mg/kg

Lower flammable limit: 1.1% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 7.1% by volume

vol% in air: 2.57

Penetrating odor

Henry's Law constant = 1.32X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Decomposes in water|Dipole moment: 3.28 debyes|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.78X10-12 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)

Fumes in air. Decomposes exothermically and rapidly in water to form insoluble benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl) [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. This is not supported by Argonne experiments which have not observed any gas generation upon mixing with water. Experimental work at Argonne National Laboratory has determined that there is no HCl formation; the substance was quite unreactive in water. This does not prevent HCl formation by a catalytic mechanism, but under normal conditions benzoyl chloride is quite unreactive. (Argonne Report ANL/DIS-00-1, October 2000).

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

BENZOYL CHLORIDE reacts violently with protic solvents such as alcohols, with amines and amides (for example dimethylformamide [Bretherick 1979 p. 6] ) and with inorganic bases. Causes the violent decomposition of dimethyl sulfoxide [Chem. Eng. News 35(9): 87 1957]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291]. Friedel-Crafts acylation of naphthalene using benzoyl chloride, catalyzed by AlCl3, must be conducted above the melting point of the mixture, or the reaction may be violent [Clar, E. et al., Tetrahedron, 1974, 30, 3296].

197.2 °C

-10,030 Btu/lb = -5570 Cal/g = -233.2X10+5 J/kg

Lower flammable limit: 1.2% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 4.9% by volume

The vapour is heavier than air.

Slow corrosion of metals

11,438.0 gcal/gmol

II

8

UN 1736

1

R34

S26-S36/37/39-S45

DM6600000

C

See Chemical Dangers. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. Dry. Well closed.

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, water, alcohols, strong bases. Reacts violently with DMSO and vigorously with alkalies.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H302 + H312 + H332-H314-H317

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, alcohols.|Will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes.|Violent or explosive reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide, and aluminum chloride + naphthalene.|Incompatible with dimethyl sulfoxide, (sodium azide + potassium hydroxide), water, steam, and oxidizers.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TSCA Chemical Hazard Information Profile present a preliminary assessment of benzoyl chloride's potential for injury to human health & the environment (available at EPA's TSCA Assistance Office: (202) 554-1404).

UN 1736

P280; P305 + P351 + P338; P310

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Highly poisonous phosgene gas may be formed in fires. Behavior in Fire: At fire temperatures the compound may react violently with water or steam. (USCG, 1999)|Combustible. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 72 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Carcinogens, Corrosives, Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P363, P405, and P501|H302 (97.83%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 644 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Full protective clothing, including full-face respirator for acid gases and organic vapors (yellow GMC canister), close-fitting goggles, nonslip rubber gloves, plastic apron, face shield. (USCG, 1999)|Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Flamable when exposed to heat or flame.|At fire temperatures the compound may react violently with water or steam.

During preparation of 1,5-dibenzoylnaphthalene, addition of aluminum chloride to mixture of benzoyl chloride and naphthalene must be effected above the /melting point/ of the mixture to avoid violent reaction.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 2.5-27

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Water hydrolyzes material liberating acidic gas which in contact with metal surfaces can generate flammable and/or explosive hydrogen gas. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.|For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.|Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.|/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Benzoyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Benzoyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

Lacrimator. Potential symptoms of overexposure may include irritation and burns of skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract.|Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful if absorbed through skin or inhaled. Irritating to eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Causes severe tearing. May cause pulmonary edema.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

See Chemical Dangers. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. Dry. Well closed.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour or aerosol may cause lung oedema.

NO open flames. NO contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers. NO contact with hot surfaces. Above 72 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Avoid inhalation of dust and mist. Use closed system or ventilation.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Benzoyl chloride is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 2 - Materials that readily undergo violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures.|W - No water: Materials that react violently or explosively with water.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Benzoyl chloride has been detected in limestone weathering crust from the cathedral of Sevilla, in southwestern Spain. The cathedral neighborhood is characterized by dense traffic, areas of car parks and dense narrow streets typical of historic districts of Andalusian cities(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzoyl chloride is a transparent, colorless liquid, or slightly brown liquid with a penetrating odor. It is used for for acylation (introduction of benzoyl group into alcohols, phenols, and amines). It is also used in the manufacture of benzoyl peroxide and of dye intermediates, and in organic analysis for making benzoyl derivates for identification purposes. HUMAN STUDIES: Benzoyl chloride has a corrosive effects on the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes by inhalation. It can cause cough, labored breathing, nausea, and sore throat after inhalation. Redness and irritant pain on contact with the eye and skin. Burning sensation, nausea and vomiting upon ingestion. Three cases of lung cancer have been reported among workers engaged in production of benzoyl chloride. ANIMAL STUDIES: Benzoyl chloride was found to be corrosive to rabbit eyes. In male rats exposed to benzoyl chloride by inhalation signs of intoxication included inactivity, piloerection, unkempt fur, and difficulties in breathing up to 19 days post exposure in all rats. Rats that died during the test showed dark red colored lungs always with emphysema, some rats showed lung edema. Rats that survived showed no pathologic findings up to 0.708 mg/L. At higher concentrations lungs showed emphysema and were mottled, some showed enlarged adrenals. Benzoyl chloride was found to induce tumors in mice following inhalation exposure. Benzoyl chloride was positive in the bacterial gene mutation assay, preincubation method in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA/pKM101 with and without activation at concentrations up to 1000 ug/plate. Benzoyl chloride was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains His g46, His c3076, His d3052, TA1535, TA1536, TA1537, TA98 or TA100, nor in Escherichia coli strains Wp2 and Wp2 uvra- with or without metabolic activation. Benzoyl chloride was weakly mutagenic to Salmonella strain TA98 in the absence of metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: In a 96 hr lethality study with the Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) no toxicity was found at 7.5 mg/L and all the fish died at 10 mg/L. Benzoyl chloride reacted with water to give benzoic acid and hydrogen chloride, causing a decrease in pH to 5.2 in freshwater and 7.2 in salt water. However, the biological oxygen demand of the benzoic acid was a far more serious effect. In the saltwater test of grass shrimp this was believed to be the major cause of mortality since dissolved oxygen levels plunged below 1 mg/L in direct correspondence to initial benzoyl chloride concentration.

LD50 Rat oral 2460 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal 790 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 1870 mg/cu m 2 hr|LC50 Rat (male Wistar) inhalation about 1.45 mg/L/4 hr; (female Wistar) >1.98 mg/L/4 hr

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The minnows /(Pimephales promelas)/ were raised from controlled breeding stocks at the EPA Newton Fish Toxicology Station, Cincinnati, OH and were observed for a minimum of 14 days prior to testing. The fish were acclimated for 2 days in 100% test dlution water at 22 °C. Bioassay containers were filled with 12 liters of dilution water. Test substance was added in the form of a stock solution in deionized water. Five fish were placed in each of two duplicate aquaria (10 fish/concentration). At 24 hr intervals, fish were observed for survival, and water tested for dissolved oxygen and temperature. At the end of the 96 hr exposure period, pH and test substance concentration was measured by electron capture gas chromatography (benzene: 15% ether extraction). With concentration versus mortality results, 96 hr LC50 and 95% confidence limits were calculated by Probit, Moving average, or Binomial test (depending on the number of partial kills observed). Benzoyl chloride reacted with water to give benzoic acid and HCl, causing a decrease in pH to 5.2 in freshwater and 7.2 in salt water. However, the biological oxygen demand of the benzoic acid was a far more serious effect. ... /The LC50 was calculated at 34.1 mg/L;/ 95% confidence interval = 28.5-45.3 mg/L. Reconstituted soft water of the following quality was used: 40-48 mg/L hardness as CaC03; 30-35 mg/L alkalinity as CaC03; 120-160 uS/cm conductivity; pH 7.2 - 7.9; temperature = 22 +/- 1 °C.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a 96 hr lethality study with the Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) no toxicity was found at 7.5 mg/L (LC0) and all the fish died at 10 mg/L. The geometric mean of the two values is 8.7 mg/L. Test conditions: ventillated test medium , static system, 10 animals/vessel. The test substance was weighed directly into the dillution water.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The grass shrimp /(Palaeomonetes pugio)/ were collected from wild poulations in an estuary near Galveston Bay, Texas and were observed for a minimum of 10 days prior to testing. Bioassay containers were filled with 12 liters of dilution water. Test substance was added in the form of a stock solution in deionized water. Five grass shrimp were placed in each of two duplicate aquaria (10 fish/concentration). At 24 hr intervals, grass shrimp were observed for survival, and water tested for dissolved oxygen and temperature. At the end of the 96 hr exposure period, pH and test substance concentration was measured by electron capture gas chromatography (benzene:15% ether extraction). With concentration versus mortality results, 96 hr LC50 and 95% confidence limits were calculated by Probit, Moving average, or Binomial test (depending on the number of partial kills observed). Benzoyl chloride reacted with water to give benzoic acid and HCl, causing a decrease in pH to 5.2 in freshwater and 7.2 in salt water. However, the biological oxygen demand of the benzoic acid was a far more serious effect. In the saltwater test of grass shrimp this was believed to be the major cause of mortality since dissolved oxygen levels plunged below 1 mg/L in direct correspondence to initial benzoyl chloride concentration.

Persons involved in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride have an increased risk of developing cancer primarily because of their exposure to benzotrichloride (a major intermediate in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride) which was shown to be an animal carcinogen.

Benzoyl chloride's production and use as a reagent in the production of dyes, benzoyl peroxide and as a reagent in organic analyses(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Data concerning the hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride in soil are not available. However, the rate constant for the hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride in water is 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C, corresponding to a hydrolysis half-life of 16 sec(1). The hydrolysis half-life is so short that the predominant terrestrial fate of benzoyl chloride is expected to be hydrolysis(SRC). In the absence of water, however, benzoyl chloride could form a variety of esters upon reaction with common soil constituents(SRC). Benzoyl chloride is not expected to adsorb to soils, biodegrade, photolyze, volatilize, or leach(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: The hydrolysis rate constant for benzoyl chloride in water is 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C, which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). The products of the hydrolysis reaction are benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). The rapid rate of hydrolysis suggests that hydrolysis is the major aquatic fate process for benzoyl chloride. Volatilization, photolysis, photooxidation, bioconcentration, biodegradation, and adsorption to sediments are not expected to be important processes in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzoyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 0.700 mm Hg at 25 deg(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzoyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Benzoyl chloride exhibits an absorption maximum of 282.9 nm (Epsilon = 1752) and also absorption at 293.0 nm (Epsilon = 1108) in methyl cyclohexane(4). Benzoyl chloride in the vapor phase absorbs light from 225-292 nm, but only qualitative estimates of the absorption intensities (weak-strong) were given(4). This suggests that benzoyl chloride may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzoyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(2). The hydrolysis products are benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(3). Benzoyl chloride exhibits an absorption maximum of 282.9 nm (Epsilon = 1752) with absorption also at 293.0 nm (Epsilon = 1108) in methyl cyclohexane(4). Benzoyl chloride in the vapor phase absorbs light from 225-292 nm, but only qualitative estimates of the absorption intensities (weak-strong) were given(4). This suggests that benzoyl chloride may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). Therefore, due to the rapid rate of hydrolysis, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). Therefore, due to the rapid rate of hydrolysis, absorption is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in moist soil(SRC).

Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). Therefore, due to the rapid rate of hydrolysis, volatilization is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in water or moist soil(SRC). Benzoyl chloride has a vapor pressure of 0.7 mm Hg(2) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions: therefore, benzoyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil(SRC).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 5 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of benzoyl chloride in the United States may be as low as 10 workers to less than 10,000 but unknown or unreasonably ascertainable as to how many workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 6,871 workers (2826 of these are female) are potentially exposed to benzoyl chloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to benzoyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where benzoyl chloride is produced or used(SRC). The general population is not expected to be exposed to benzoyl chloride(SRC)

The absorption and excretion of (14)C-benzoyl chloride was studied in male and female Holtzman albino rats. Following single oral doses of 9 to 13 mg/kg, benzoyl chloride was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and efficiently eliminated in the urine (90%) and feces (2%) within 48 hours. ... After 72 hours, the total radiocarbon residue in tissues was approximately 1.5% of the dose; fat liver, and kidneys contained the highest residue levels.|Elimination and distribution of (14)C-labeled benzoyl chloride in rats were very similar in many respects to that of benzoic acid.|Only a small amount of radioactivity was found in the urine and the feces after application of 10 uL labeled benzoyl chloride through a small incision on the dorsal musculature of male Wistar rats, measured over a period of 15 days. Organ distribution of radioactivity 3 days after application of 10 uL labeled benzoyl chloride through a small incision on the dorsal musculature of male Wistar rats: brain< heart< kidneys< lungs< spleen< skin/muscle.

When 14C-labeled benzoyl chloride was applied to the dorsal musculature of a male Wistar rat through a small incision, only traces of radioactivity were found in the urine and feces. At 3 days post-application, most of the radioactivity remained at the site of application. The benzoyl chloride appeared to react mostly by acylation of nucleophilic groups and very little hydrolyzed to benzoic acid.|/After/ a single oral dose of labelled benzoyl chloride (9-13 mg/kg bw) administered to rats,/ ... over 90% of the metabolites in the urine were identified as benzoic acid and hippuric acid.

The half-life of the labeled material /(benzoyl chloride)/ in the blood was 1.5 hours.

Maximum Limits of Impurities: residue after ignition 0.005%; phosphorus compounds (as P) 0.002%; heavy metals (as Pb) 0.001%; iron (Fe) 0.001%.

INHALATION: may irritate eyes, nose and throat. INGESTION: causes acute discomfort. SKIN: causes irritation and burning. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Irritating materials/|Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Encourage patient to take deep breaths. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Irritating materials/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Irritating materials/|Immediate first aid: Ensure adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Corrosive effects on the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes by inhalation.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/... Workers /engaged in production of benzoyl chloride/ suffered from chronic pharyngitis, chronic sinusitis, hyposmia or anosmia, and skin troubles classed as parachroma and warts. Because ... /benzyl chloride/ goes through several intermediates before ... final product, exactly what substance(s) contributes ... has yet to be determined.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cough, labored breathing, nausea, and sore throat after inhalation. Redness and irritant pain on contact with the eye and skin. Burning sensation, nausea and vomiting upon ingestion. /from table/|/CASE REPORTS/ 3 cases of cancer of lung have been reported among ... workers engaged in production of benzoyl chloride. ... Case of malignant, maxillary lymphoma occurred at another plant ... because ... it goes through several intermediates before its final product, exactly what substance(s) contributes ... has yet to be determined.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

benzoyl chloride

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Burning sensation. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Benzoic peroxide, 57%; herbicides, 39%; dyes, 3%; and plasticizers and drugs, 1% (1977)

Grade: Technical, CP /chemically pure/|Benzoyl chloride is available in the USA with a minimum of 99.0% active ingredient|Peroxide and agricultural grades

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Benzoyl chloride: ACTIVE|An adhesive system was formulated comprising benzoyl chloride and a solution of silicone in dichloroethylene.|Prepared by partial hydrolysis of benzotrichloride; by chlorination of benzaldehyde. Lab preparation from benzoic acid and thionyl chloride.

Fire Hazards -> Carcinogens, Corrosives, Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree