Zinc sulfate
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Zinc sulfate
structure -
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CAS No:
7733-02-0
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Formula:
H2O4S.Zn
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Chemical Name:
Zinc sulfate
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Synonyms:
Sulfuric acid,zinc salt (1:1);Bonazen;Bufopto Zinc Sulfate;Op-Thal-Zin;Zinc sulfate;Sulfuric acid zinc salt;Zinc sulfate (1:1);White vitriol;Zinc vitriol;Optraex;Zincomed;Verazinc;Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4);Zinc(II) sulfate;Complexonat;Honny Fresh 10P;Solvezink;Biolectra Zink;Zincaps;Solvazinc;Kreatol;Z-Span;Zincate;Zinco;Biosanzink;Zincteral;131315-46-3;139939-71-2;873788-00-2
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CAS No:
Description
used in zinc plating and as a mordant [KIR84]
Anhydrous zinc sulfate is a colorless crystalline solid. Zinc sulfate is also obtained as a hexahydrate, ZnSO4.6H2O, and as a heptahydrate ZnSO4.7H2O. All forms are soluble in water. All are noncombustible. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in the production of rayon, as a feed supplement, and as a fertilizer ingredient.|DryPowder; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals; Liquid; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals|COLOURLESS HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.
Anhydrous zinc sulfate is a colorless crystalline solid. Zinc sulfate is also obtained as a hexahydrate, ZnSO4.6H2O, and as a heptahydrate ZnSO4.7H2O. All forms are soluble in water. All are noncombustible. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in the production of rayon, as a feed supplement, and as a fertilizer ingredient.|Zinc sulfate is a metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. It has a role as a fertilizer. It is a metal sulfate and a zinc molecular entity. It contains a zinc(2+).|Zinc sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnSO4 and historically known as "white vitriol". It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.|A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
Zinc sulfate Basic Attributes
163.45800
161.89700
231-793-3
0J6Z13X3WO
1698
3077
DTXSID2040315
Colorless, orthorhombic crystals
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism|B - Blood and blood forming organs
2833293000
Characteristics
82.98000
0.4255
Colorless solid
3.8 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
100ºC
330ºC at 760 mmHg
H2O: soluble ;Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 22 (good)
There is /a/ tendency for solutions of zinc sulfate to form slight cloudiness due to seperation of basic salt formed through partial hydrolysis.
Powder or granules; loses water above 238 °C /Monohydrate/|White monoclinic crystals; mp: 238 °C (decomposes); density: 3.20 g/cu cm; solubility: 57.7 g/100 g water at 25 °C; insoluble in ethanol /Monohydrate/|Astringent, metallic taste; MP: 100 °C; density: 1.957 g/ cu cm at 25 °C/4 °C; solutions are acid to litmus /Heptahydrate/|Odorless crystals or granules or powder; efflorescent in dry air; decomposes above 500 °C; 1 gram dissolves in 0.6 mL water, 2.5 mL glycerol; insoluble in alcohol; aqueous solution is acid to litmus; pH about 4.5 /Heptahydrate/|Colorless orthorhombic crystals; mp: 100 °C (decomposes); solubility 57.7 g/100 g water at 25 °C /Heptahydrate/|Anhydrous zinc sulfate forms when its hydrates are heated above 238 °C; at about 680 °C, sulfur trioxide separates from the compound, forming 3Zn.2SO3; above 930 °C the compound is decomposed to zinc oxide; three unstable hydrates are ZnSO4.4H2O, ZnSO4.2H2O, and ZnSO4.7H2O (monoclinic)
Water soluble. Efflorescent in air. Aqueous solutions are acidic.
Salts, Acidic
Acidic salts, such as ZINC SULFATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.
Safety Information
III
9
UN 3082/9161
3
R41; R50/53
S26-S39-S61
ZH5260000
Xi
Dry. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
There is /a/ tendency for solutions of zinc sulfate to form slight cloudiness due to seperation of basic salt formed through partial hydrolysis.
P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P337 + P313
H319-H412
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Chemical Treatability of Zinc; Concentration Process: Ultrafiltration; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Continuous flow, pilot scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial wastewater; Results of Study: 0.38 ppm effluent concentration. /Zinc/|Chemical Treatability of Zinc; Concentration Process: Miscellaneous sorbents; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: Final concentration reduced to 0.1 ppb; SiO2 + CaO slags used. /Zinc/|The proprietary Sulfex process (Permutit Co) has been applied to zinc wastes. The process involves addition of ferrous sulfide, which gradually releases sulfide to precipitate the zinc ... . /Zinc/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a nutrient in accordance with good manufacturing practice.|This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.|Substances migrating to food from paper and paperboard products used in food packaging that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, within the meaning of section 409 of the Act. Zinc sulfate is included on this list.|Trace minerals added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added at levels consistent with good feeding practice. Zinc sulfate is included on this list.|For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible.
|Danger|H302 (94.75%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P310, P330, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 991 companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P310, P314, P330, P405, and P501|Warning|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)
Dust mask; goggles or face shield; protective gloves (USCG, 1999)|... Recommended appropriate protective equipment including protective eyewear, long-sleeved shirts and long-legged pants, rubber gloves, and boots. /zinc salts/|/NIOSH approved respirator/; goggles or face shield; protective gloves.
Non-combustible
If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.
Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime, crushed limestone or sodium bicarbonate. Add soda ash. Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow if necessary. Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors or dust. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Prevention ... /of metal fume fever/ is a matter of keeping exposure of workers below level of concn currently accepted as satisfactory for working with the metal in industry, preferably by employment of proper local exhaust ventilation to collect fumes at their source. Acceptable respirators are avail commercially but should be used only under suitable conditions. /Zinc/|In all cases where zinc is heated to the point where fume is produced, it is most important to ensure that adequate ventilation is provided. Individual protection is best ensured by education of the worker concerning metal-fume fever & the provision of local exhaust ventilation, or, in some situations by wearing of supplied-air hood or mask.
Zinc salts of strong mineral acids are astringent, corrosive to skin ... /Zinc salts/|Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. ... Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.
Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Dry. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.
The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract.
PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!
Use local exhaust or breathing protection.
Protective gloves.
Wear safety spectacles.
Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1,000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
Toxicity
Human : TDLo ( Oral) 45mg/kg/7D-C : Normocytic anemia, pulse rate increase without fall inBP Human: TDLo (oral) 106mg/kg : Hypermotylity, diarrhea Mouse ; LD50 Oral : 245mg/kg Mouse : LD50 : subcutaneous : 781mg/kg
The effects of intraperitoneal pretreatment, 48 hr beforehand, with zinc sulfate (22, 44 or 88 mg/kg) were studied on gastric ulceration, gastric secretion and changes in stomach wall mast cell counts induced after 4 hr by reserpine (5 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally to intact (unoperated for pylorus occlusion) or pylorus-occluded rats. Zinc sulfate dose-dependently antagonized the gastric actions of reserpine by preventing ulceration in the ruminal and glandular segments of the stomach, reducing acid secretion, and inhibiting mast cell degranulation which occurred mainly in the glandular mucosal layer. The relationship between these findings and the action of zinc on gastric mast cell is discussed.|Concurrent use of large amounts of fiber, phosphorus, or phytates with zinc supplements may reduce zinc absorption by formation of nonabsorbable complexes; food containing fiber, phosphorus, or phytates should be taken at least 2 hours after zinc supplements. /Zinc supplements/|Some studies have found that folate can decrease the absorption of zinc, but not in the presence of excessive zinc; other studies have found no inhibition. /Zinc supplements/|Large doses of iron supplements can inhibit the intestinal absorption of zinc; this, at one time was a problem in individuals taking commercial multivitamin-mineral preparations or infant formulas that had a high iron to zinc ratio; however, most firms in the US have reformulated their products; zinc supplements should be taken at least 2 hours after iron supplements. /Zinc supplements/|For more Interactions (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
LD50 Rat oral 2949 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 623 mg Zn/kg /From table/|LD50 Rat (male) oral 920 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse oral 57 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicity of zinc sulfate to Lepidocephalichthyes guntea /fish/ was reduced with increased water hardness. A 3.2 fold decrease in zinc (Zn) toxicity was noted at 260 mg/L of hardness on 96 hr exposure.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In flagfish /Jordanella floridae/ (not exposed as embryos to zinc), survival of larvae and growth of females were the most sensitive parameters of zinc toxicity and were reduced at 85 and 51 ug/L and above, respectively. In contrast, exposure at the embryo stage showed that embryo hatchability, and survival and growth of larvae were not affected significantly at 139 ug/L or below. ...The early life stage test was performed with enough embryos incubated in each test concentration (or control) to provide 30 1-day old larvae per concentration level. Reproduction tests were initiated after 30 or more embryos (not previously exposed) had emerged from any spawning substrate. /Heptahydrate/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a /flow-through/ life cycle /(8 month exposure period)/ experiment, (i) the eight week survival of /Pimephales promelas/ (fathead minnows) exposed to zinc as eggs was reduced at mean concentrations of 0.295 and 0.576 mg/L, and (ii) the survival of fish exposed as larvae was also reduced at these two concentrations. During life-cycle exposure, the most sensitive parameters for toxicity were egg adhesiveness and fragility, which were significantly affected at 0.145 mg/L and above, but without effect at 0.078 mg/L and below. Reduced egg adhesiveness and increased fragility were not related to exposure of parental fish, which apparently developed normally at 0.145 and 0.295 mg/L. Hatchability and survival of larvae were significantly reduced, and deformities at hatching were significantly increased at 0.259 mg/L and above. NOEC (survival, hatchability): 0.145 mg/L; NOEC (maturation, reproduction): 0.295 mg/L. ...Test conditions: water hardness: 46 mg/L CaCO3; test medium: lake water. /Heptahydrate/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Effects of anthropogenic pollution have been observed at different trophic levels in the oceans, and toxicity tests constitute one way of monitoring these alterations. The present assay proposes the use of two reference substances, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and zinc sulfate, for Perna perna larvae. This common mussel on the Brazilian coast is used as a bioindicator and is of economic interest. The chronic static embryo-larval test of short duration (48 hr) was employed to determine the NOEC, LOEC, and IC50 for SDS and zinc sulfate, as well as the coefficient of variation. Salinity, pH and un-ionized ammonia (NH3) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were measured to monitor water quality. The results demonstrated that the main alterations in veliger larvae are the development of only one shell, protruded mantle, malformed shell, formation of only part of a valve, clipped edges, uneven sizes and presence of a concave or convex hinge. NOEC values were lower than 0.25 mg/L(-1) for zinc sulfate and 0.68 mg L(-1) for SDS. The coefficient of variation was 17.63% and 2.50% for zinc sulfate and SDS, respectively.|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Zinc is 60% bound to albumin; 30 to 40% bound to alpha-2 macroglobulin or transferrin; and 1% bound to amino acids, primarily histidine and cysteine.
... EXPOSURE TO MISTS CONTAINING SULFURIC ACID & ZINC SULFATE EVOLVED DURING ELECTROLYTIC MFR OF ZINC|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,849 workers (705 of these are female) are potentially exposed to zinc sulfate heptahydrate in the US(1). /Zinc sulfate heptahydrate/
Drug Information
This medication is a mineral used to treat or prevent low levels of zinc alone and together with oral rehydration therapy (ORT). It is also used as a topical astringent. Zinc Sulfate Injection, USP is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for TPN.|Parenteral nutrition
Mesh Heading: Astringent|Dietary supplement ingredient in use before October 15, 1994 (Mineral and trace element) /Date of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994/..|MEDICATION (VET): Zinc sulfate, USP, applied topically in 10% aqueous solution, is highly effective in treatment of foot rot in sheep.|MEDICATION (VET): Useful antiseptic astringent for ophthalmic use as aqueous solution or ointment (0.25-0.5%). Spraying sheep with 0.25% solution after shearing reduced incidence of infected wounds. 1% solutions have been used on granular vaginitis lesions of cows, posthitis of rams, and make excellent detergent, odorless, antiseptic egg wash. ... As white lotion ... on bruised, inflamed, pruritic skin areas on cows and horses.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
... Zinc sulfate often is an effective /emetic/, but potential hemolytic and renal toxicity is too great to recommend use ... .|Thiazide diuretics have been found to increase urinary zinc excretion. /Zinc supplements/|Large doses of zinc may inhibit copper absorption in the intestine; zinc supplements should be taken at least 2 hours after the administration of copper supplements. /Zinc supplements/|Patients using zinc sulfate ophthalmic solutions should be advised to discontinue the drug and consult a physician if ocular pain or visual changes occur, they experience continued ocular redness or irritation, or the condition worsens or persists for more than 3 days.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Zinc has been identified as a cofactor for over 70 different enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and both RNA and DNA polymerase. Zinc facilitates wound healing, helps maintain normal growth rates, normal skin hydration and the senses of taste and smell.
Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions. (See all compounds classified as Astringents.)
Approximately 20 to 30% of dietary zinc is absorbed, primarily from the duodenum and ileum. The amount absorbed is dependent on the bioavailability from food. Zinc is the most bioavailable from red meat and oysters. Phytates may impair absorption by chelation and formation of insoluble complexes at an alkaline pH. After absorption, zinc is bound in the intestine to the protein metallothionein. Endogenous zinc can be reabsorbed in the ileum and colon, creating an enteropancreatic circulation of zinc.|Primarily fecal (approximately 90%); to a lesser extent in the urine and in perspiration.|After absorption zinc is bound to protein metallothionein in the intestines. Zinc is widely distributed throughout the body. It is primarily stored in RBCs, WBCs, muscles, bones, Skin, Kidneys, Liver, Pancreas, retina, and prostate.|The pharmacokinetics of zinc sulfate were compared with those of a new zinc pantothenate, in rabbits. Each salt was administered to rabbits at a dosage of 3.3 uCi of zinc-65/kg of body weight. The measured pharmacokinetics of the two compounds responded to a two compartment open model. The urinary elimination of the two salts was similar, as was their localization in the skin and fur, but Zn pantothenate was retained by the liver to a lesser extent than was zinc sulfate (ZnSO4).|Absorption: 20% to 30%. Protein binding: 99%. Elimination: Through small bowel excretion.|In women in different trimesters of pregnancy, the oral administration of 200 mg zinc sulfate per day resulted in an increase of serum zinc levels from 109.7 to 205.4 mg/dL. In the control group, serum zinc levels declined from 113.0 mg/dL in the first trimester to 83.8 in the third trimester.|...An absorption half-life of 0.4 hr /was reported/ when 45 mg Zn2+ as zinc sulfate was administered once in gelatine capsules to 10 healthy young men. Serum concentrations were measured frequently during a total investigation time of 8 hours. A mean maximum concentration of 8.2 umol Zn2+/L serum was found after 2.3 hours (tmax). There is evidence of an enteral recirculation, the first rebound effect appeared after 1.4 hours during the absorption phase before tmax was reached, and exhibited mean reabsorption rates of 70% of the dose given. The subsequent ones (max. of 5) appeared at regular intervals of 1.2 hours with a decrease of the quantity reabsorbed.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
3 hours|Half-life: 3 hours
Zinc inhibits cAMP-induced, chloride-dependent fluid secretion by inhibiting basolateral potassium (K) channels, in in-vitro studies with rat ileum. This study has also shown the specificity of Zn to cAMP-activated K channels, because zinc did not block the calcium (Ca)-mediated K channels. As this study was not performed in Zn-deficient animals, it provides evidence that Zn is probably effective in the absence of Zn deficiency. Zinc also improves the absorption of water and electrolytes, improves regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, increases the levels of brush border enzymes, and enhances the immune response, allowing for a better clearance of the pathogens.
Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion can cause irritation or corrosion of the alimentary tract. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)
INHALATION: move to fresh air. INGESTION: induce vomiting, followed by prompt and complete gastric lavage, cathartics, and demulcents. EYES or SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)
Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.
Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.
Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).
Treatment of overdose: Dilute with milk or water. Specific treatment: Intramuscular or intravenous edetate calcium disodium ... . /Zinc supplements/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Zinc and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluids cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine, hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Zinc and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Zinc and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a double-blind cross-over trial 47 healthy volunteers (26 females and 21 men) ingested zinc sulfate capsules containing 220 mg zinc sulfate, three times a day with each meal (resulting in a total daily dose of 150 mg Zn2+ ie, ca 2.1 and 2.5 mg Zn2+/kg bw /day for males and females, respectively) for six weeks. Plasma zinc and copper levels, plasma cholesterol, plasma low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, serum ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (ESOD) were determined. In 84% of the women and 18% of the men symptoms were reported which included headaches, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and abdominal cramps. The study authors reported that the gastric discomfort went together with lower body weights and taking the capsules with small meals (breakfast or morning tea) or no food. Plasma zinc levels rose significantly in both men and women (36% and 57%, respectively). Plasma copper levels did not change significantly. Total plasma cholesterol and HDL were unchanged in both sexes. In females the LDL cholesterol decreased significantly from 2.38 to 2.17 mmol/L. In females a decrease was also found in serum ceruloplasmin (13% reduction) and in ESOD (ca. 20% reduction).|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In two studies the side effects of zinc administration as a medication in the treatment chronic leg ulcers was investigated: In a double-blind trial, 13 humans received 200 mg zinc sulfate (+/- 135 mg Zn2+) three times a day for 18 weeks, while 14 humans received a placebo. No signs of nephrotoxicity associated with the zinc treatment were reported ... No indications for hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, as determined by several clinical biochemical and hematological parameters, were seen in 18 humans after administration of 220 mg zinc sulfate (150 mg Zn2+) 3 times a day for 16 to 26 weeks.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Intranasal irrigation with ZnSO4 is known to produce anosmia.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute overdose: Profuse sweating, decreased consciousness, blurred vision, tachycardia, hypothermia, hyperamylasemia, hypotension, pulmonary edema, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice, oliguria|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Sulfate, Zinc
The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.
Cough. Sore throat.
Redness.
Redness. Pain.
Zinc sulfate Use and Manufacturing
Treatment of rosted ore concentrations, scrap, leach from flue dust, or zinc chemical sludges with sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate monohydrate|It is produced from sidestreams of electrolytic zinc manufacture|Zinc sulfate is obtained by leaching zinc-containing materials with sulfuric acid in an aqueous medium.|The hydrometallurgical or electrolytical process where the zinc oxide is leached from the roasted or calcined material with sulfuric acid to form zinc sulfate solution which is electrolyzed in cells to deposit zinc on cathodes.|/Zinc oxide/ reacts with sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate.
Microbiocide, herbicide, rayon manufacture, dietary supplement, animal feeds, mordant, wood preservative, analytical reagent. Used as printing and dyeing mordant, wood preservative, papermaking bleaching agent, also used in medicine, man-made fibers, electrolysis, electroplating, pesticides and production of zinc salts, etc.
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
1,000,000,000 - 5,000,000,000 lb|(1978) 3.90X10+10 G|(1982) 4.30X10+10 G|(1985) 3.45X10+10 g|(1990) >1 million-10 million pounds
Fertilizer, 68%; Froth flotation agent, 10%; Animal feed additive, 9%; Rayon manufacture, 5%; other, 8% (1982)|Agriculture, 80%; zinc stearate, 5%; miscellaneous (includes water treatment), 15% (1986) /estimate/|Agricultural (mainly fertilizer), 76%; other (including water treatment, rayon, chemical manufacture, electroplating), 24% (1985)|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Zinc Sulfate. Agricultural (mainly fertilizer), 76%; other (including water treatment, rayon, chemical manufacture and electroplating), 24%|For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Grades: Technical; USP; reagent. /Heptahydrate/|Fertilizer solutions are sold on the basis of 10-12% elemental zinc content|Neozin (American optical): solution (sterile) 0.25% with phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.125% and benzalkonium chloride 0.004% in 15 mL containers (nonprescription).|Optised (Professional Pharmacal): solution (sterile) 0.25% with phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.125% and benzalkonium chloride 1:10000 in 15 mL containers (nonprescription).|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|Sulfuric acid, zinc salt (1:1): ACTIVE|The main source of secondary zinc to make zinc sulfate is galvanizer residues, ... scrap from steel and brass mills is also used.|The main source of secondary zinc for zinc sulfate production is galvanizer residues.
Analyte: zinc sulfate; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with sodium acetate or ammonium sulfide yields a white precipitate, with hydrogen sulfide, that is insoluble in acetic acid but soluble in hydrochloric acid; reaction with potassium ferricyanide yields a white precipitate that is insoluble in hydrochloric acid (zinc test)|Analyte: zinc sulfate; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with barium chloride yields a white precipitate that is insoluble in hydrochloric acid and in nitric acid; reaction with lead acetate yields a white precipitate that is soluble in ammonium acetate (sulfate test)|Analyte: zinc sulfate; matrix: chemical purity; procedure: dissolution in water; addition of ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution and eriochrome black indicator; titration with edetate disodium to a deep blue color|Analyte: zinc sulfate; matrix: pharmaceutical preparation (injection solution; ophthalmic solution; oral solution); procedure: reaction with sodium acetate or ammonium sulfide yields a white precipitate, with hydrogen sulfide, that is insoluble in acetic acid but soluble in hydrochloric acid; reaction with potassium ferricyanide yields a white precipitate that is insoluble in hydrochloric acid (zinc test) (chemical identification)|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Human Drugs -> EU pediatric investigation plans|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Cosmetics -> Anticaking; Antimicrobial; Antiplaque; Oral care|BACTERICIDES
Computed Properties
Molecular Weight:161.4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:4
Exact Mass:159.880871
Monoisotopic Mass:159.880871
Topological Polar Surface Area:88.6
Heavy Atom Count:6
Complexity:62.2
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:2
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
Price Analysis
Drug Function and Efficacy
Zinc participates in the synthesis and activation of multiple enzymes, plays an important physiological role in protein, nucleic acid synthesis, intestinal protein absorption and digestion, and can promote growth and development; maintains normal appetite and taste by synthesizing taste buds and preventing incomplete keratinization of buccal mucosal epithelial cells; enhances the phagocytic ability, chemotaxis and bactericidal function of phagocytes; reduces free radicals by increasing superoxide dismutase; plays a bactericidal role and accelerates the healing of wounds, burns and ulcers; zinc plays an important role in the metabolism of vitamin A and vision; promotes and maintains sexual function; stabilizes cell membranes; improves tissue energy metabolism and tissue respiration; zinc ions can precipitate protein
Registered Holders
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Kaifeng Pharmaceutical (GROUP) Co., Ltd.
Active
China
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Guangzhou Greensyn Pharma Co., Ltd.
Active
China
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Hunan Er-Kang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Active
China
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