3-Chloro-4-methylaniline

141.6

141.60

636511

202-446-3

32Y306W7BQ

96620

2239

DTXSID0020286

29214300

26

2.9

3-chloro-p-toluidine is a brown solid with a mild odor. (NTP, 1992)

1.108 (NTP, 1992)

26 °C

242-244 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

212 °F

1.585

H2O: 1 g/L (20 ºC)soluble in ethanol; slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride

2-8°C

4.08X10-2 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 1.99X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 4.05 (conjugate acid)

Granular, gray-colored powder with a mothball-like odor. MP: 220-230 °C; Density 0.44 mg/L. Solubility in water: 91 g/L at 30 °C; VP: 1.408X10-2 Pa (1.056X10-4 mm Hg) at 25 °C; pH = 2.67. Stable at normal temperatures. /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.20X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air and light. Insoluble in water.

Aryl Halides

3-CHLORO-P-TOLUIDINE may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air and light. This chemical may react with oxidizing agents. It is incompatible with acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates. It is also incompatible with reducing agents. (NTP, 1992)

>/= 500 °C

Ⅲ

6.1

UN 2239 6.1/PG 3

2

24/25-36/38-43-50/53-36/37/38-22

36/37/39-45-61-60-36/37-26

XU5111000

T,N,Xn

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acids, acid anhydrides, chloroformates, reducing agents.

P273-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P312-P501

H301 + H311-H315-H317-H319-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

DHEW/NCI; Bioassay of 3-Chloro-p-toluidine for Possible Carcinogenicity CAS No. 95-74-9 (1978) Technical Report Series No. 145 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 78-1701.[Available from, as of March 5, 2010: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/LT_rpts/tr145.pdf]|European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, 3-Chloro-p-toluidine (95-74-9) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of March 5, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]|USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Starlicide (3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride). EPA 738-R-96-003 (September 1995). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S. Available from, as of June 28, 2010:[http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H301 (89.13%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 46 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. /Chlorotoluidines, liquid/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Chlorotoluidines, liquid/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Chlorotoluidines, liquid/|Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Chlorotoluidines, liquid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorotoluidines; Chlorotoluidines, liquid; Chlorotoluidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorotoluidines; Chlorotoluidines, liquid; Chlorotoluidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorotoluidines; Chlorotoluidines, liquid; Chlorotoluidines, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorotoluidines; Chlorotoluidines, liquid; Chlorotoluidines, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3-Chloro-p-toluidine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Contact with the material may cause some irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. /Chlorotoluidines, liquid/

3-Chloro-p-toluidine had an average concentration of 1,413.87 ug/L and a frequency of 75% in sources feeding low land rivers in England and Wales in 1995(1).

LD50 Rat oral 340 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat oral 655 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat male oral 350 mg/kg /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|LD50 Rat female oral 302 mg/kg /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 3-Chloro-p-toluidine (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Laboratory studies with hawks and American kestrels indicated no adverse effects when they were fed starlings poisoned with 1% starlicide-treated baits. Two kestrels survived eating 11 and 60 poisoned starlings over 24 and 141 days, respectively. Two Cooper's hawks ate 191 and 222 starlings with no observable adverse effects. Three marsh hawks ate 100, 191, and 222 starlings over 75-104 days and survived with no apparent detrimental effects. /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The nephrotoxicity of 3-chloro-p-toluidine which induces death through kidney failure is characteristic for many bird species.|/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Application of the Kenaga "index of chronicity" resulted in the conclusion that DRC-1339 was cumulatively toxic to birds.|/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Bobwhite quail fed diets containing DRC 1339 suffered some mortality at levels as low as 2.9 ppm, but most survived 10 times this for 120 days. Reproduction in Coturnix was adversely affected by 10 ppm of DRC 1339 and above.|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 3-Chloro-p-toluidine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A bioassay for the possible carcinogenicity of 3-chloro-p-toluidine was conducted using Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. 3-Chloro-p-toluidine was admin in the feed, at either of two concn, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. Twenty animals of each sex and species were placed on test as controls. The time weighted avg dietary concn of 3-chloro-p-toluidine admin to rats of both sexes were 3,269 and 1,635 ppm for the high and low dose groups, respectively. The high and low dietary concn of 3-chloro-p-toluidine admin to mice were, respectively, 1,200 and 600 ppm for males and 600 and 300 ppm for females. The cmpd was admin in the diet for 78 wk, followed by an observation period of 24 wk for high dose male rats, 25 wk for all other dosed rats, and 12 wk for mice. ... Under the conditions of this bioassay there was no ... evidence for the carcinogenicity of 3-chloro-p-toluidine in Fischer 344 rats or B6C3F1 mice. Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Negative; Female Rats: Negative; Male Mice: Negative; Female Mice: Negative.

3-Chloro-p-toluidine's production and use in dye manufacturing(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an avicide(2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 180(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-chloro-p-toluidine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). However, primary aromatic amines can react with humic matter in soil forming an irreversible complex and as a result may be immobilized in soil(3,4). Volatilization of 3-chloro-p-toluidine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.04 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(6). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine applied at 35 ug/g to a sandy loam soil exhibited a half-life of 26 hours and was mineralized(7), suggesting that biodegradation in soil may occur(SRC).|TERRESTRIAL FATE: In a field study, 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride migration was studied using treated rice baits to Louisiana rice fields exposed for 13 days. The concentration of 2% compound on treated rice baits in the field decreased by approximately 55% in 3 days with several degradation products identified. Under laboratory conditions, multiple degradation products were identified. Degradation products in both instances included acetyl-3-chloro-p-toluidine, 3-hydroxy-p-toluidine, and cis- and trans-azo-3-chloro-p-toluidine(1). /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 180(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 3-chloro-p-toluidine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 22 and 160 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.27(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine was biodegraded in Elbe River bed sediment at 20 °C at a rate of 0.47/hr with a calculated half-life of 1.5 hrs(8), suggesting biodegradation may occur in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3-chloro-p-toluidine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.04 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-chloro-p-toluidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 3-chloro-p-toluidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated in fish for 3-chloro-p-toluidine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.27(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).|Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were continuously exposed to 0.1 um/mL of uniformly -labled 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride for 28 days, followed by 28 days depuration. Concentrations in the edible, nonedible, and whole-body tissues were 2.9, 12.0, and 7.5 ug/g tissue, respectively. BCF values of 33, 150, and 88, respectively, were calculated. About 64% of the accumulated radiolabeled compound and metabolites were eliminated from the fish by day 28 of depuration. The authors conclude that bioconcentration will be low at sublethal concentrations(1). A log BCF of 1.9445 was reported, corresponding to a BCF of 88(SRC), in bluegill sunfish exposed to 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride for 28 days in accordance with EPA guideline 165.4 - Laboratory Studies of Pesticide Accumulation in Fish(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration of 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 3-chloro-p-toluidine can be estimated to be 180(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 3-chloro-p-toluidine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. However, primary aromatic amines can react with humic matter in soil forming an irreversible complex and as a result may be immobilized in soil(3-4). With the increase of humic matter in soil, the tendency towards irreversible complex formation may increase and 3-chloro-p-toluidine may become increasingly immobilized(4). In sandy soil containing marginal amounts of humic matter, 3-chloro-p-toluidine may be mobile(5).|Using 30 g/g uniformly-labeled 3-chloro-p-toulidine hydrochloride in California loam soil column studies and aged for 24 hrs, it was observed 2% of the initial compound leached through the soil profile. Approximately 90% was sorbed in the upper 6 cm of soil, 1% volatilized, and the major metabolite identified was N-acetyl-3-chloro-p-toluidine(1). /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/

The Henry's Law constant for 3-chloro-p-toluidine is estimated as 2.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 3-chloro-p-toluidine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 22 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 160 days(SRC). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 3-Chloro-p-toluidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.04 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for 3-chloro-p-toluidine is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|Occupational exposure to 3-chloro-p-toluidine may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3-chloro-p-toluidine or its hydrochloride salt is produced or used. (SRC)

Study of the tissue distribution and the binding behavior of (14)C-labeled 3-chloro-p-toluidine (the hydrochloride was administered iv at a dose of 5.9 mg/kg bw) in male mice (strain not given): the radioactivity associated with the compound was unevenly distributed in different parts of the body. With the exception of the spleen, brain, and liver, a two-phased elimination was differentiated whereby the first phase was fast and the second one was slow. The half lives of the fast phase were equal for all tissues except muscle (6.85 hr) and ranged between 1.52 and 3.96 hr. The half-lives of the slower phase showed a different pattern, being shortest (14.55 hr) in the intestine and longest (326 hr) in the adipose tissue. Covalent binding of 3-chloro-p-toluidine or its metabolites to proteins was ascertained in the liver, kidney, lung, and erythrocytes. The subcellular distribution of the radioactivity corresponded to the protein composition of the individual fractions. Of these fractions, the soluble liver and kidney cell fraction exhibited the highest absolute and specific activity (activity per mg protein). The extent of the covalent binding does not correlate with the tissue half-life nor with the pathological tissue findings. The covalent binding in erythrocytes could be an indication of a reactive methemoglobin-forming metabolite. /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|The concentration of 3-chloro-p-toluidine and diazotizable metabolites was determined in whole blood of female mice (strain not given) following ip administration of 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride at a dose of 2 mmol/kg bw (= 356 mg/kg bw). The concentration dropped almost linearly within the first 12 hr (half-life 6.6 hr) and attained zero after 24 hr. /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|Ring-labeled (14)C-3-chloro-4-methylaniline hydrochloride (250 ug per bird) was delivered to 21 red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and 21 dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) via oral gavage, and the distribution and excretion of radioactivity were determined at 15 and 30 min and 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr (n = 3 per time point). Direct measurement of radioactivity as well as measurement following combustion was accomplished using a liquid scintillation counter. Elimination from most tissues followed a two-compartment model, with very rapid elimination occurring between time 0 and 4 hr and a much slower elimination phase occurring after that. The average half-life of elimination for the initial phase in most tissues examined was 0.16 hr for juncos and 0.62 hr for blackbirds. The average for the slower second phase of elimination was 3.4 hr for juncos and 5.4 hr for blackbirds. The radioactivity in blackbird kidney tissues did not change significantly for the duration of the test, pointing toward the kidney as a possible site of action ...|Radioactivity was unevenly distributed in the body and the extent of covalent binding to kidney protein exceeded binding to liver protein after iv admin of (14)C-3-chloro-p-toluidine in the starling.|The maximal covalent binding occurred at 18 hr to kidney protein, and at 12-18 hr to liver and lung protein after iv admin of (14)C-3-chloro-p-toluidine in mice.

Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were continuously exposed to 0.1 ug/mL of uniformly radiolabeled (14)C-3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) for 28 days, after which the fish were transferred to flowing untreated water for a 28-day depuration period ... The steady-state concentrations in the bluegill tissues were reached by day 7 of exposure to the radiolabeled compound, with mean concentrations in the edible, nonedible, and whole-body tissues determined to be 2.9, 12.0, and 7.5 ug/g of tissue, respectively. Bioconcentration factors of 33x, 150x, and 88x were calculated for the three types of tissues. About 64% of the accumulated radiolabeled CPTH and metabolites were eliminated from the fish on day 28 of depuration. The distribution of radioactivity was found to be similar in all tissue groups. One metabolite was confirmed as N-acetyl-3-chloro-p-toluidine, with two metabolites suggested to be 4-acetamido-2-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid. The N-acetylated breakdown product has been previously reported to occur in both mammals and birds; thus, the metabolism of CPTH in fish may parallel that observed in these other species. /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|Single oral doses of approx 500 mg/kg bw of 3-chloro-p-toluidine were administered to rats (strain and sex not given), and the urine was examined for the unchanged substance and for three possible metabolites, namely: 4-amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid (oxidation of the methyl group of the carboxyl group); 3-chloro-p-acettoluidide (acetylation of the amino group); and 4-acetamino-2-chlorobenzoic acid (oxidation of the methyl group to the carboxyl group and actylation of the amino group). The following percentages of the administered substance were found within 98 hr: unchanged substance 6%, 4-acetamino-2-chlorobenzoic acid 8%, 4-amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid 2.5%, and 3-chloro-p-acettoluidide 1%. Although the whereabouts of the rest was unknown, the formation of conjugated derivatives, such as glucuronides or mercaptourides, is very probably. With regard to the methemoglobin formation, the formation of the hydroxylamine derivative (4-hydroxyamino-2-chlorotoluene) was also to be expected. The excretion of the examined compounds was completed practically 50 hr after the application. /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|(14)C-3-Chloro-p-toluidine HCL was injected iv to starlings. A hydroxylamine metabolite of the parent compound possibly binds to liver protein and may be responsible for hepatic necrosis.

Ring-labeled (14)C-3-chloro-4-methylaniline hydrochloride (250 ug per bird) was delivered to 21 red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and 21 dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) via oral gavage ... The average half-life of elimination for the initial phase in most tissues examined was 0.16 hr for juncos and 0.62 hr for blackbirds. The average for the slower second phase of elimination was 3.4 hr for juncos and 5.4 hr for blackbirds ...

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin and eyes. Other symptoms may include headache, drowsiness, nausea, kidney irritation, dizziness and central nervous system depression. Exposure may can cause cyanosis and methemoglobinemia. It may also cause irritation of the bladder. Symptoms may be delayed. Hypothermia may occur in man. It may also cause loss of coordination, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, loss of consciousness, irritation to the respiratory tract, sore throat and nasal discharge. Other symptoms include burning sensation, redness and swelling of the eyes. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is toxic by ingestion and inhalation. It is harmful if absorbed through the skin. It is an irritant of the skin and eyes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cyanosis was observed in individuals exposed to 3-chloro-p-toluidine.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Hematuria may be observed in /workers/ handling toluidines and chlorotoluidines. There may be hemorrhagic cystitis with painful and frequent micturition. /Toluidines and chlorotoluidines/

3-chloro-4-methylbenzenamine hydrochloride

Approximately 110 pounds of starlicide active ingredient is applied annually in the United States /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/

A complete list of currently registered active pesticide products can be found in the National Pesticide Information Retrieval System's USEPA/OPP Registered and Cancelled Pesticide Product Database. These pesticide products are registered for use in the U.S. but approved products may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved products.|Compound DRC-1339 Concentrate (USDA): Starlicide 97% /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|Starlicide Complete (PM Resources): Starlicide 0.1% /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/|Starlicide Technical (PM Resources): Starlicide 97% /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/

Printing ink manufacturing|Benzenamine, 3-chloro-4-methyl-: ACTIVE|Slow-acting drug to kill bird pests, particularly starlings, by mixing 1 part of medicated feed with 10 parts of other pelleted feed near perimeter of feedlots, under feedbanks, in aisles, or along fence rows. Dosage: available as a 1% concentration in treated pellets.|An avicide that has been used to control starlings in CA. /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/

DETECTION & QUANTITATION OF 3-CHLORO-4-METHYLANILINE BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY USING FLUORESCAMINE REAGENT.

Female boat-tailed grackles poisoned with 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) were analyzed by necropsy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The necropsies identified the presence of a white precipitate in the pericardium, which had been previously reported as a characteristic of CPTH-exposed birds. The GC_MS method, which utilized deuterated CPTH as a surrogate, quantified CPTH residues in the breast tissue and gastrointestinal tract of CPTH-exposed birds. Comparison of these techniques indicated that the GC-MS method was more accurate for assessing CPTH poisoning in birds. /3-Chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride/