tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate

19423

194.23

210-382-2

54E39145KT

674

3106|3103

DTXSID9024699

Colorless liquid|Colorless to slight yellow liquid|Liquid

29163900

35.5

3.33

Clear yellow; Liquid

1.021 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

8 °C

75-76 °C @ Press: 0.2 Torr

200°F

n20/D 1.499(lit.)

H2O: Immiscible

2-8°C

336 mm Hg ( 50 °C)

67 (vs air)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 2000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 2000 mg/kg

Severe explosion hazard when shocked, exposed to heat, or by spontaneous chemical reaction. /Organic peroxides/

Mild aromatic odor

Henry's Law constant = 2.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Specific gravity: 1.04 at 25 °C/25 °C|Half-life of ten hours at 104 °C|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.3X10-12 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Peroxides, Organic

Strong Oxidizing Agent|Explosive

TERT-BUTYL PEROXYBENZOATE explodes with great violence when rapidly heated to a critical temperature; pure form is shock sensitive and detonable [Bretherick 1979 p. 602]. Can ignite upon contact with organic matter or give rise to an explosion [Haz. Chem. Data 1973 p. 79].|TERT-BUTYL PEROXYBENZOATE explodes with great violence when rapidly heated to a critical temperature; pure form is shock sensitive and detonable [Bretherick 1979 p. 602]. Upon contact with organic matter, t-butyl peroxybenzoate can ignite or give rise to an explosion [Haz. Chem. Data 1973 p. 77].|TERT-BUTYL PEROXYBENZOATE explodes with great violence when rapidly heated to a critical temperature; pure form is shock sensitive and detonable [Bretherick 1979 p. 602]. Upon contact with organic matter, t-butyl peroxybenzoate can ignite or give rise to an explosion Haz. Chem. Data 1973 p. 79).

II

52

UN 3103 52

2

7-38-2-50-43

7-14-36/37/39-47-37-17-61-39-35-26

SD9450000

O,Xi,E,N

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with a wide range of organic materials - oxidizer. May react violently with organic compounds.

P210-P220-P234-P261-P273-P280-P370 + P378-P410-P411 + P235-P420

H242-H315-H317-H332-H400

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Reacts violently with: Strong acids, bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents, amines, brass, copper.|Organic substances can ignite or explode upon contact with t-butyl perbenzoate.|Explosive reaction on contact with organic matter or copper (I) bromide plus limonene.

Preliminary 2D Animation of Events Leading to 2017 Fire at Arkema Chemical Plant in Crosby, Texas.[U.S. Chemical Safety Board; Preliminary 2D Animation of Events Leading to 2017 Fire at Arkema Chemical Plant in Crosby, Texas; Available from, as of November 27, 2017: http://www.csb.gov/videos/preliminary-2d-animation-of-events-leading-to-2017-fire-at-arkema-chemical-plant-in-crosby-texas/]|Watts P; Food Chem Toxicol 23: 957-60 (1985). Peroxides, genes and cancer is reviewed.|Lai DY, et al; J Environ Sci Hlth 14 (1, Pt C): 63-80 (1996). Carcinogenic potential of organic peroxides prediction based on structure activity relationships and mechanism based short term test.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]: May explode from heat or contamination. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]: May explode from heat, shock, friction or contamination. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree

|Warning|H242 (88.04%): Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]|P210, P220, P234, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P411, P420, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1390 companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H242 (100%): Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H242: Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P220, P234, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P309+P311, P312, P321, P333+P313, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, P411, P420, and P501|P210, P220, P234, P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P411, P420, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet) in all directions. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet) in all directions. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Keep substance wet using water spray. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Keep substance wet using water spray. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Potentially explosive when heated above 115 °C.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.|Potentially Incompatible Absorbents: Use caution: Liquids with this reactive group classification have been known to react with ... cellulose-based absorbents /and/ expanded polymeric absorbents.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: May explode from heat or contamination. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/|/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Health: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/|/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. /Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/|/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for t-Butyl peroxy benzoate (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Organic peroxide type C, liquid; organic peroxide type D, liquid; organic peroxide type D, solid; and organic peroxide type F, liquid are included on the dangerous goods list. /Organic peroxide type C, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Organic peroxide type C, liquid; organic peroxide type D, liquid; organic peroxide type D, solid; and organic peroxide type F, liquid are included on the dangerous goods list. /Organic peroxide type C, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

Skin: Not an irritant or sensitizer. Eye: Slight irritation. /From table/|A skin and eye irritant.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 3 - Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but that require a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation.|OX - Oxidizer: Materials that possess oxidizing properties.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Peroxybenzoic acid, t-butyl ester (TBPB) is a colorless liquid. It is used as a polymerization initiator for polyethylene, polystyrene, polyacrylates, and polyesters, and also as a chemical intermediate. This peroxide is used in various organic syntheses involving coupling reactions of olefins and paraffinic compounds as well as phenolic derivatives. HUMAN STUDIES: Incubation of human keratinocytes prepared from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in phosphate-buffered saline containing desferrioxamine with TBPB in the presence of spin trap resulted in the generation of corresponding methyl radical adducts. Since free radicals are suggested to be involved in the cascade of events occurring during tumor promotion, this metabolic capacity may be an important determinant of human cancer risk for hydroperoxides. ANIMAL STUDIES: TBPB tested as a 50% solution by application of 2 drops to rabbit eyes caused slight injury, graded 1 on scale of 0 to 7. Fourteen-day and 13-week oral toxicity studies were conducted using rats and mice. In 14-day studies, TBPB administered by gavage in corn oil in doses ranging from 70 to 1112 mg/kg caused no systemic toxicity. Toxicity in the stomach was demonstrated by the presence of forestomach epithelial hyperplasia, ulceration, and acute inflammation. In studies lasting for 13 weeks, the animals demonstrated hyperplasia of the forestomach mucosa, particularly in dosed rats. TBPB toxicity in mice was limited to increased forestomach weight in most dose level groups and increased severity with dose. TBPB was evaluated for its ability to increase biomarkers of tumor promotion in mouse skin including sustained epidermal hyperplasia, dermal inflammation and oxidative DNA damage. Evaluations were performed using SENCAR mice exposed topically for 4 weeks. TBPB exhibited significant increases in all three biomarkers associated with tumor promoting activity. However, TBPB have not produced detectable mutations in the c-Ha-ras protooncogene, indicating that it is not likely to possess tumor initiating or complete carcinogenic activity. TBPB caused embryotoxicity in 3-day chicken embryos using the air-chamber method. TBPB was found to be positive when tested for mutagenicity using the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay in both strain TA98 and TA1537 with and without activation and in strain TA100 with activation. In vitro sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations were noted in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

LD50 Rat oral 3639-4838 mg/kg /From table/|LD50 Mouse oral 914 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 1012 mg/kg

Studies were conducted on the toxicity, stability, dermal absorption, and tissue distribution of t-butyl-perbenzoate (BP). Fourteen day and 13 week oral toxicity studies were conducted using F344/N rats and B6C3Fl mice. BP was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA-100), (TA-1537), and (TA-98) with or without metabolic activation. In vitro sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations were noted in Chinese hamster ovary cells. BP was rapidly degraded in blood, stomach contents and liver homogenates, or in the presence of glutathione. In 14 day studies, BP administered by gavage in corn oil in doses ranging from 70 to 1112 mg/kg caused no systemic toxicity. Toxicity in the stomach was demonstrated by the presence of forestomach epithelial hyperplasia, ulceration, and acute inflammation. In studies lasting for 13 weeks, the animals demonstrated hyperplasia of the forestomach mucosa, particularly in dosed rats. BP toxicity in mice was limited to incr forestomach weight in most dose level groups and incr severity with dose. The ... no observed effect level for BP was approximately 30 mg/kg and that systemic toxicity was not observed with oral doses as high as 1112 mg/kg.

t-Butyl peroxy benzoate's production and use as a polymerization initiator(1), chemical intermediate(1), and as a hardener for polyester resins(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that t-butyl peroxy benzoate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of t-butyl peroxy benzoate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). t-Butyl peroxy benzoate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). t-Butyl peroxy benzoate reached 32% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks in the Japanese MITI test; the author concluded that test substance hydrolyzed in the test solution to form benzoic acid and t-butanol; benzoic acid was degraded, while t-butanol remained; t-butyl peroxy benzoate was considered not readily biodegradable(4). In another ready biodegradation test, 70% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum; t-butyl peroxy benzoate was considered readily biodegradable(5). These data suggest that, in addition to hydrolysis, biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that t-butyl peroxy benzoate may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.6(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.9(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). t-Butyl peroxy benzoate reached 32% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks in the Japanese MITI test; the author concluded that test substance hydrolyzed in the test solution to form benzoic acid and t-butanol; benzoic acid was degraded, while t-butanol remained; t-butyl peroxy benzoate was considered not readily biodegradable(6). In another ready biodegradation test, 70% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum; t-butyl peroxy benzoate was considered readily biodegradable(7). These data suggest that, in addition to hydrolysis, biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), t-butyl peroxy benzoate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase t-butyl peroxy benzoate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The UV/vis spectrum for t-butyl peroxy benzoate indicates that it contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths of 232 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of t-butyl peroxy benzoate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). t-Butyl peroxy benzoate is expected to undergo hydrolysis in the ambient environment and in alkaline soils and waters(2,3). Peroxide esters, like t-butyl peroxy benzoate, are expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment more readily than non-peroxide esters(3,4); hydrolysis yields benzoic acid and t-butyl hydroperoxide and t-butanol(4,5). In an OECD guideline study, hydrolysis half-lives at 25 °C, were reported as 1900, 976, and 38 hours at pH values of 4, 7, and 9, respectively(4); hydrolysis half-lives at 50 °C, were reported as 79, 54, and 2.6 hours at pH values of 4, 7, and 9, respectively(4). The UV/vis spectrum for t-butyl peroxy benzoate indicates that it contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths of 232 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm(SRC).|The main causes of unintended decompositions of organic peroxides are heat energy from heating sources and mechanical shock, i.e., impact or friction. In addition, certain contaminants, i.e., metal salts, amines, acids, and bases, initiate or accelerate organic peroxide decompositions at temperatures at which the peroxide is normally stable. These reactions also liberate heat, thus further accelerating the decomposition. Commercial products often contain diluents that desensitize neat peroxides to these hazards. Commercial organic peroxide decompositions are low order deflagrations rather than detonations. /Organic peroxides/|Under certain thermal and photochemical conditions, t-alkyl peroxyesters, such as peroxybenzoic acid, t-butyl ester, will undergo homolysis to generate free radicals, although this is not expected to occur in ambient environmental conditions(1).

An estimated BCF of 1.6 was calculated in fish for t-butyl peroxy benzoate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.9(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of t-butyl peroxy benzoate can be estimated to be 240(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that t-butyl peroxy benzoate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for t-butyl peroxy benzoate is estimated as 2.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that peroxybenzoic acid, t-butyl ester is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 10 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 days(SRC). t-Butyl peroxy benzoate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.3X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of t-butyl peroxy benzoate in the United States may be as low as 25 workers but fewer than 500 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 27,644 workers (10,655 of these are female) were potentially exposed to t-butyl peroxy benzoate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to t-butyl peroxy benzoate may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where t-butyl peroxy benzoate is produced or used. Monitoring data were not located; however, the majority of this substance is used in captive processes as an industrial reactant(2), suggesting that the general population will have limited or no exposure under ambient environmental conditions(SRC).

...This study was designed to determine whether the organic hydroperoxides, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate are metabolized by human carcinoma skin keratinocytes to free radicals. Incubation of keratinocytes prepared from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) containing desferrioxamine with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate in the presence of spin trap (3,5-dibromonitrosobenzene sulfonic acid) resulted in the generation of corresponding methyl radical adducts. Prior heating of the cells to 100 degrees C abolished the generation of radical adducts. The addition of ethanol to the reaction mixture also inhibited formation of radical adducts. These data provide the first direct evidence that human carcinoma skin cells can generate free radicals from organic hydroperoxides. Since free radicals are suggested to be involved in the cascade of events occurring during tumor promotion this metabolic capacity may be an important determinant of human cancer risk for hydroperoxides.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. Remove material from skin immediately. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. Remove material from skin immediately. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)|EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic peroxides/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic peroxides/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5K TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic peroxides/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for t-Butyl peroxy benzoate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Humans are exposed to various peroxy and hydroperoxy compounds which are in use in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and polymer industries and which are also generated as a result of the peroxidative metabolic conversion of certain lipids. This study was designed to determine whether the organic hydroperoxides, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate are metabolized by human carcinoma skin keratinocytes to free radicals. Incubation of keratinocytes prepared from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) containing desferrioxamine with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate in the presence of spin trap (3,5-dibromonitrosobenzene sulfonic acid) resulted in the generation of corresponding methyl radical adducts. Prior heating of the cells to 100 degrees C abolished the generation of radical adducts. The addition of ethanol to the reaction mixture also inhibited formation of radical adducts. These data provide the first direct evidence that human carcinoma skin cells can generate free radicals from organic hydroperoxides. Since free radicals are suggested to be involved in the cascade of events occurring during tumor promotion this metabolic capacity may be an important determinant of human cancer risk for hydroperoxides.

peroxybenzoic acid t-butyl ester

Grade: 98% min.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Benzenecarboperoxoic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester: ACTIVE

An amperometric enzyme electrode for organic peroxides, based on the incorporation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into a carbon paste matrix, is reported. The electrode responds rapidly to low (micromolar) concentrations of such peroxides, in accordance to the following sensitivity trend: butanone peroxide > tert-butyl peroxibenzoate > cumene hydroperoxides > triphenylmethyl hydroperoxide > tert-butyl hydroperoxide > tert-amyl perbenzoate > tertbutyl peroxiacetate. The effect of various operational parameters is explored for optimum analytical performance. The dynamic properties of this electrode are exploited for detection in flow injection systems. Work in mixed nonaqueous-aqueous media allows the quantitation of highly hydrophobic peroxides and extension of the linear range. Similar organic peroxide detection is reported for the incorporation of HRP within a rigid graphite-epoxy matrix, and for a tissue (horseradish-root) modified electrode. Applicability of the HRP electrode for assays of drinking water is illustrated and prospects for its utility in environmental work are discussed. Analogous measurements using another (fungal) peroxidase are reported.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 3rd degree