Cyanophos

243.22

243.22

220-130-3

2AB0Z99OXP

3018

DTXSID0041806

Yellow to reddish-yellow transparent liquid|Clear amber liquid

2926909032

83.6

2.71

Cyanophos is a yellow to reddish-yellow transparent liquid. Used as an insecticide against rice stem borers and house flies. Not registered as a pesticide in the U.S. (EPA, 1998)

1.255-1.265 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

14-15 °C

119-120 °C

>100 °C

1.554

In water 46 mg/l at 30 deg C; in methanol, acetone, chloroform >50% at 20 deg C.

0-6°C

1.05 x 10 -1 Pa (20 °C)

Oral-rat LD50: 215 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 860 mg/kg

Decompose toxic phosphorus oxide, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide gas by heating

Faint characteristic odor

148.63 Ų [M+H]+

Amber liquid /Technical grade/|Rapidly decomposes under alkaline conditions and upon exposure to light.

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Organophosphates, such as CYANOPHOS, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

III

6.1(b)

3018

3

21/22-50/53

36/37-60-61

TF7600000

Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable to storage > 2 yr under normal conditions.

P273-P280-P501

H302 + H312-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|MALATHION MAY BE DISPOSED OF BY ABSORBING IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL ... & /DISPOSING OF SO AS TO MEET LOCAL, STATE, & FEDERAL REGULATIONS/. /MALATHION/|Incineration together with flammable solvent in furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber is recommended. /Malathion/|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Malathion: Biological treatment and reverse osmosis. /Malathion/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CYANOPHOS (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire and runoff from fire control water may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Unstable. Rapidly decomposes under alkaline conditions and upon exposure to light. (EPA, 1998)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P312, P322, P330, P363, P391, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 42 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place in containers for later disposal. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)|Respirator selection: Upper limit devices recommended by NIOSH: At 150 mg/cu m: Any supplied air respirator; or any self contained breathing apparatus; or any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter. At 375 mg/cu m: Any supplied air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode; or any powered air purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter. At 750 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece; or any self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece; or any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high efficiency particulate filter; or any air purifying full facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style or front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high efficiency particulate filter; or any powered air purifying respirator with a tight fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high efficiency particulate filter; or any supplied air respirator with a tight fitting facepiece operated in a continuous flow mode. 5000 mg/cu m: Any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry in unknown concentration or Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) conditions: Any self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure demand or other positive pressure mode; or any supplied air respirator with a full face piece and operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any air purifying full facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style or front- or back mounted organic vapor canister having a high efficiency particulate filter; or any appropriate escape type self contained breathing apparatus. /Malathion/|Employees should be provided with and required to use ... face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated, or prolonged skin contact with malathion. /Malathion/|Any employee whose work involves likely exposure of the skin to malathion or malathion formulations, eg, mixing or formulating, shall wear full body coveralls, or the equivalent, impervious gloves, and footwear. When there is danger of malathion coming in contact with the eyes, safety goggles shall be provided and worn. /Malathion/|Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/|WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPP) MUST ... BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES, AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. THE SIGNALMEN FOR AERIAL DUSTING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH A HAT AND CAPE MADE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OR A FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH A WATER REPELLENT. /PESTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

Use water, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical to extinguish fires. /Malathion/|AREA SURROUNDING FIRE SHOULD BE DIKED TO PREVENT WATER RUNOFF. /MALATHION/|WEAR SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (OR RESPIRATOR FOR ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES) AND RUBBER CLOTHING WHILE FIGHTING FIRES OF MALATHION WITH CHLORINE BLEACH SOLN. ALL CLOTHING CONTAMINATED BY FUMES AND VAPORS MUST BE DECONTAMINATED. /MALATHION/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 2. COLLECT FOR RECLAMATION OR ABSORB IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL. /MALATHION/|Spills of malathion on floors shall be absorbed with absorbing clay. Sweeping compound may be utilized to facilitate the removal of all visible traces of malathion contaminated clay. Equipment and fixtures contaminated with malathion shall be decontaminated with an alkaline solution (5% sodium hydroxide). /Malathion/|... Alternative treatment process for spent filter cake from malathion mfr requires the following steps: (1) hydrolysis; (2) steam stripping; (3) decantation; (4) composting; & (5) biological treatment. /Malathion/|Ultraviolet radiation in conjunction with ozone is a highly effective degradation technique for malathion ... /Malathion/

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/|Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Containers ... should be cleaned with a suspension of bleaching powder in water or with other alkaline soln after soaking for 24 hr and then be rinsed with hot water. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CYANOPHOS (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

highly toxic

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/|In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/|BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/|ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

LD50 Mouse oral 1000 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 880 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (male) oral 710 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (female) oral 730 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for CYANOPHOS (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, /alcoholics/, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health /are at elevated risk from the toxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides. Those individuals with/ organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Those individuals who are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides with pre-existing/ organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Cyanophos' use as an insecticide(1) will result in its release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 710(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow of 2.71(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyanophos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyanophos from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from experimental values for vapor pressure, 7.9X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(4) and water solubility, 46 mg/l at 30 °C(5). Cyanophos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on the measured vapor pressure(4,SRC). After two weeks, measurable radioactivity in C14-cyanophos treated soils decreased to 6%(6). 4-Cyanophenol, desmethylcyanophos, and desmethylcyanophoson were identified as degradation products in soil(6). Photodecomposition products of cyanophos on soil TL plates exposed to sunlight were cyanophoson, desmethylcyanophoson, and 4-cyanophenol(7).|The half-life of cyanophos on bean foliage was less than 1 day(1).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 710(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow of 2.71(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyanophos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Cyanophos is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from experimental values for vapor pressure, 7.9X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(4) and water solubility, 46 mg/l at 30 °C(5). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 11 and 82 days, respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF value of 64(3,SRC), from an experimental log Kow of 2.71(2), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate, not high(SRC). A bioconcentration factor of 417 was measured in guppies under steady-state conditions(2). Photodecomposition products of cyanophos in water exposed to sunlight were cyanophoson, desmethylcyanophoson, and 4- cyanophenol(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyanophos, which has a measured vapor pressure of 7.9X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyanophos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 6.5 hours(3,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyanophos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6.5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Cyanophos exposed to sunlight was converted to cyanophoson in a minute quantity(2). Photodecomposition products of cyanophos exposed to sunlight in water and on soil TLC plates were cyanophoson, desmethylcyanophoson, and 4-cyanophenol(3).

36.31|An estimated BCF value of 68 was calculated for cyanophos(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.71(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate, not high(SRC). A bioconcentration factor of 417 ml/g was measured in guppies under steady-state conditions(1). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Koc of cyanophos is estimated as approximately 710(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyanophos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for cyanophos is estimated as 5.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 7.9X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 46 mg/l(2). This value indicates that cyanophos will volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 11 days(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 82 days(3,SRC). Cyanophos' Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected (SRC). Cyanophos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on a measured vapor pressure of 7.9X10-4 mm Hg(1).

Occupational exposure to cyanophos may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this insecticide during or after its application or at workplaces where cyanophos is produced. (SRC)

Most organophosphate compounds are ... absorbed from skin, conjunctiva, gastrointestinal tract, & lung. /Organophosphate compounds/|The rate of dermal absorption /of organophosphorus pesticides/ may be ... influenced by the solvent used. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Many of the organophosphorus insecticides are excreted in the milk ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/|Following their absorption, most organophosphorus cmpd are excreted almost entirely as hydrolysis products in the urine. /Anticholinesterase agents/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for CYANOPHOS (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Plasma and tissue enzymes are responsible for hydrolysis /of organophosphorus compounds/ to the corresponding phosphoric and phosphonic acids. However, oxidative enzymes are also involved in the metabolism of some organophosphorus compounds. /Anticholinesterase agents/|The organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents are hydrolyzed in the body by a group of enzymes known as A-esterases or paraoxonases. These enzymes are found in the plasma and liver and hydrolyze a large number of organophosphorus compounds ... by cleaving the phosphoester, anhydride, P-F, or P-CN bonds. /Anticholinesterase agents/

1.70 Days

Cholinesterase inhibitor|The signs of poisoning due to organophosphorus cmpd are those due to accumulation of acetylcholine & hence overstimulation of parasympathetic nervous system. It is usual to divide them under 3 headings: muscarinic, nicotinic & central. Muscarinic signs ... consist of hypersalivation, lacrimation, sweating & nasal discharge. Miosis, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea & frequency of urination ... Nicotinic effects consist of fasciculation of muscles, weakness & paralysis. Central nervous system effects include nervousness, apprehension, ataxia, convulsions & coma. Death is due to resp failure, or sometimes cardiac arrest. There is little difference between signs produced by different organophosphorus compounds, but route of absorption may influence one system more than another. /Organophosphorus cmpd/|The characteristic pharmacological effects of the anti-ChE agents are due primarily to the prevention of hydrolysis of ACh by AChE at sites of cholinergic transmission. Transmitter thus accumulates, and the response to ACh that is liberated by cholinergic impulses or that is spontaneously released from the nerve ending is enhanced. With most of the organophosphorus agents ... virtually all the acute effects of moderate doses are attributable to this action. /Anticholinesterase agents/|The cardiovascular actions of anticholinesterase agents are complex, since they reflect both ganglionic and postganglionic effects of accumulated ACh on the heart and blood vessels. The predominant effect on the heart from the peripheral action of accumulated ACh is bradycardia, resulting in a fall in cardiac output. Higher doses usually cause a fall in blood pressure, often as a consequence of effects of anticholinesterase agents on the medullary vasomotor centers of the CNS. /Anticholinesterase agents/|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for CYANOPHOS (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cyanophos is an organophosphorus insecticide. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Death may occur after a massive oral dose; with smaller accidental doses, onset of illness may be delayed. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Effects may be delayed up to 12 hours. Caution is advised. Note: Cyanophos is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Signs and Symptoms of Cyanophos Exposure: Acute exposure to cyanophos may produce the following signs and symptoms: sweating, pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, profound weakness, muscle spasms, seizures, and coma. Mental confusion and psychosis may occur. Excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may be observed, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to cyanophos exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyanophos. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyanophos. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of cyanophos is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of cyanophos may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3- 1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant orgnophosphate poisoning, particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/|For immediate first aid: ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organophosphates and related compounds/|For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway control may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer ... water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... /Organophosphates and related compounds/|Preservative-free atropine should be used to avoid toxicity from preservative agents. Mydriasis may occur early in the administration of atropine; however the endpoint for atropine administration is the drying of pulmonary secretions. /Organophosphates and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CYANOPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Symptomatology: 1. Nausea ... vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, excessive salivation ... 2. Headache, giddiness, vertigo & weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea & sensation of tightness in chest are common in inhalation exposure. 4. Blurring or dimness of vision, miosis ... Tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation & ocular pain ... Mydriasis ... sometimes seen ... probably due to sympatho-adrenal discharge. 5. Bradycardia or tachycardia. Varying degrees of AV heart block are described, as well as atrial arrhythmias. 6. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculations & twitching of muscles (particularly of tongue & eyelids, & generalized profound weakness. 7. Mental confusion, disorientation & drowsiness. 8. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretion of saliva & of resp tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales & rhonchi & hypertension (presumably due to asphyxia). 9. Random jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions, & coma. 10. Death primarily due to resp arrest arising from failure of resp center, paralysis of resp muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Parathion/|All the organophosphorus insecticides have a cumulative effect by progressive inhibition of cholinesterase ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/|The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Organophosphate insecticides ... are potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors that act by interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine at neuroreceptor transmission sites. Exposure produces a broad spectrum of clinical effects indicative of massive overstimulation of the chlorinergic system, including muscarinic effects (parasympathetic), nicotinic effects (sympathetic and motor), and CNS effects. These effects present clinically as feeling of headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, psychosis, respiratory difficulty, paralysis, convulsions, and coma. Typical findings are given by the mnemonic "SLUD." which stands for salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation. A small percentage of patients may fail to demonstrate miosis, a classic diagnostic hallmark. Onset of clinical manifestation of organophosphate poisoning usually occurs within 12 hr of exposure. /Organophosphate insecticides/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CYANOPHOS (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

cyanophos

Dust, emulsifiable concentrate, oil-based liquid spray.|Dispersible concentrate; emulsifiable concentrate; ultra-low volume liquid; wettable powder.

Analysis of product by GLC, alternatively by UV spectrophotometry. Analysis of residues by GLC with flame thermionic detection.