Chinomethionat

234.3

234.30

219-455-3

888OQA249R

379587

3077|2588

DTXSID2032342

Yellow crystals from benzene

2934999033

93.4

3.78 at 20 deg C

Chinomethionat appears as yellow crystals. Non-corrosive. Used as a selective fungicide.

1.556 g/cu cm at 20 deg C

172 °C

476.6ºC at 760 mmHg

242.1ºC

1.8

In water, 1 mg/L at 20 deg C

0-6°C

2.6 x 10 -5 Pa (20 °C)

Oral-Rat LD50: 1100 mg/kg

Combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide gas

ODORLESS

Henry's Law constant = 6.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C /Estimated/

142.67 Ų [M+H]+

Relatively stable under normal conditions; hydrolyzes in alkaline media|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.4X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C /Estimated/

Hydrolyzed in alkaline solution.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

A member of the quinoxaline, dithiolane family.

Non-corrosive

UN30779/PG3

20/21/22-36-43-48/22-50/53-62

24-37-60-61

FG1400000

Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Relatively stable under normal conditions. Hydrolysed in alkaline media; DT50 (22 deg C) 10 days (pH 4), 80 hr (pH 7), 225 min (pH 9).

P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

H302-H312-H317-H319-H332-H361f-H373-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incompatible with mineral oils (phytotoxicity may result), and with formulations based on thiram.|Incompatiable with petroleum based oils (phytotoxic).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P391, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 83 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P312, P321, P333+P313, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)

On prolonged contact with...skin, especially in presence of water, it may cause irritation...

moderately toxic

A minor antagonism occurred between the effects of lipids and those of oxythioquinox, both administered in the diets of rats.|Pretreatment with phenobarbital 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for five days decreased the toxicity of morestan to adult males and increased the toxicity to adult females.|Increase toxicity of oxythioquinox in oil solution to male swiss mice & Sprague-Dawley rats is due to increase resorption during protracted intestinal passage.|Administered to rats by stomach tubing oxythioquinox (Morestan) toxicity is very strongly increased after solubilisation in olive oil. The oxythioquinox LD50, in this case, is 500 mg/kg although ... 2.8 g/kg in aqueous suspensions /can be reached/. When it is administered (1 g/kg) in aqueous suspension, the decrease in body weight is the same as these observed with a 5 fold lower dose in oil. Conversion rate feed and weight of different organs decrease when animals are daily submitted to oxythioquinox in oil, during 16 days, compared with animals treated with an equivalent dose in aqueous suspension. Potentiation, in oil solutions, of the decrease of oxythioquinox intestinal transit, promoting its absorption, could explain the increase of oxythioquinox toxicity in oil solution.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for OXYTHIOQUINOX (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Guinea pig oral 1500 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 473 mg/kg|LD50 Rat dermal 500 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (female) oral 1100 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for OXYTHIOQUINOX (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Oxythioquinox's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a fungicide and acaricide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment. However, oxythioquinox is not currently (March 2005) registered for use as a pesticide in the US(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 2,300 to 28,235 (2,3), indicate that oxythioquinox is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of oxythioquinox from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure 2.0X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1 mg/L(4). Oxythioquinox is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). A photolysis rate of 0.014 per day has been reported for oxythioquinox on soil(3), which corresponds to a half-life of 50 days(SRC). In moist alkaline soils, hydrolysis is expected to be an important fate process based on hydrolysis half-lives of 10 days, 80 hours, and 225 minutes that have been reported for oxythioquinox at 22 °C and pH 4, 7, and 9, respectively(4). Field dissipation half-lives of 2.0-3.6 days have been reported for oxythioquinox in two sandy loam soils(3). A half-life of 3.7 days was reported for oxythioquinox in sandy loam soil under anaerobic conditions(3).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 2,300 to 28,235(2,3), indicate that oxythioquinox is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.0X10-7 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 160(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.78(5) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Hydrolysis half-lives of 10 days, 80 hours, and 225 minutes have been reported for oxythioquinox at 22 °C and pH 4, 7, and 9, respectively(5). A photolysis rate of 1.260 per day has been reported for oxythioquinox in water, which corresponds to a half-life of 0.5 day(3).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), oxythioquinox, which has a vapor pressure of 2.0X10-7 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase oxythioquinox is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase oxythioquinox may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Oxythioquinox may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC) based on experiments that found that it decomposed in benzene solution upon irradiation with long wavelengths (>290 nm)(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of oxythioquinox with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Photolysis rates of 0.014 and 1.260 per day has been reported for oxythioquinox on soil and in water, respectively(2), which corresponds to a half-lives of 50 and 0.5 days, respectively(SRC). Hydrolysis half-lives of 10 days, 80 hours, and 225 minutes have been reported for oxythioquinox at 22 °C and pH 4, 7, and 9, respectively(3). Under alkaline conditions, oxythioquinox hydrolyzes to 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol(4).

An estimated BCF of 160 was calculated for oxythioquinox(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.78(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment. Oxythioquinox is susceptible to both hydrolysis(1) and photolysis in water(4).

2.29e+03 L/kg|Koc values ranging from 2,300 to 28,235 have been reported for oxythioquinox on various soil types(1,2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that oxythioquinox is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil. The mobility of oxythioquinox was tested in a soil thin-layer chromatographic system using Hagerstown silty clay loam (surface soil with 2.5% organic material, 39.5% clay, soil water content is 34.1%, pH is 6.8)(4). Oxythioquinox was immobile by both autoradiographic and bioassay visualization using the TLC system indicating strong absorption to the soil medium(4).

The Henry's Law constant for oxythioquinox is estimated as 6.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.0X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that oxythioquinox is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Oxythioquinox's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Oxythioquinox is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Oxythioquinox was detected in pears in 1 of 571 samples at 0.04 ppm in an US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory monitoring study of domestic foods that may be eaten by infants/children, 1985-1991(1). Oxythioquinox was not detected (general detection limit 0.05 ppm) in foods that were part of the Danish National Pesticide Monitoring Program 1995-1996; analysis for oxythioquinox was performed in fruits and vegetables(2). Oxythioquinox was detected at 0.03 ppm fresh weight in 1 of 10 samples of fresh strawberries from markets in Nara, Japan (Jan-Mar 1992); oxythioquinox was not detected in 10 strawberry samples obtained from markets in Nara, Japan (Jan-Mar 1993)(3). Oxythioquinox was not detected (detection limit 0.01 ppm) in a monitoring study in Japan of 10 kinds of agricultural products (brown rice, potato, cabbage, lettuce, carrot, cucumber, shiitake mushroom, apple, strawberry, and banana)(4). Oxythioquinox was reported as detectable in domestic and imported pears that were part of the US FDA Pesticide Program (1992-93)(5). Oxythioquinox was detected in <1% of 769 samples of domestic apples that were part of the US FDA Pesticide Program (1993-94) at a maximum concentration of 0.05 ppm (6).

Occupational exposure to oxythioquinox may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this pesticide during and after its application or at workplaces where oxythioquinox is produced(SRC). However, on February 1, 1999, Bayer Corporation, the registrant for oxythioquinox, requested voluntary cancellation of the remaining uses of formulated oxythioquinox(1). The registrant was allowed to sell and distribute existing stocks of the remaining products until March 17, 2001. End-users in the U.S. were allowed an additional year for the use of existing stock(1). Occupational exposure to oxythioquinox (via spray application of pesticidal formulations) occurred via dermal exposure and respiratory exposure; the exposure of workers to oxythioquinox during airblast spraying of fruit orchards resulted in a dermal exposure of 23.7 mg/hr and a respiratory exposure of 0.02 mg/hr(2). Available monitoring data are limited; however, the data suggest that the general population may have been exposed to oxythioquinox by the ingestion of some fruits(SRC).

3-4. 3= Moderately Toxic: Probable oral lethal dose (Human) 0.5-5 g/kg; between 1 oz & 1 pint (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb). 4= Very toxic: Probable oral lethal dose (Human) 50-500 g/kg; between 1 tsp and 1 oz for 70 kg person (150 lb).

Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc. (See all compounds classified as Fungicides, Industrial.)

After intragastric administration of (35)S-labeled oxythioquinox, it forms a complex with plasma protein, particularly albumins, in vivo and in vitro. Elimination was slow after iv administration. Morestan concentration in plasma and peripheral compartment was in equilibrium.|Oxythioquinox was shown to be irreversibly bound to bovine serum albumin and to proteins in spider mite homogenate and in rat brain, liver and blood. The binding to proteins probably involved a mechanism by which SH-group of proteins initially attacks CO-group of oxythioquinox.|Both Morestan and 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol (a possible metabolite) were poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and mice.|When rats were fed carbonyl-14C-labelled oxythioquinox. It was found that most of the radioactivity was exhaled as 14CO2. After 2,3-14C- and 35S-labelled active ingredient was fed to rats, no 14CO2 was found in the air expired. In this particular case, most of the activity was present in the urine and in the feces. A small proportion of the activity was found in the blood plasma in protein-bound form. The activity is not present as oxythioquinox itself, but partially as 2,3-dithiol-6-methyl quinoxaline, in traces as the corresponding dihydroxy compound, and as other still unidentified metabolites. The quinoxaline ring is apparently not metabolized in the animal body.|The absorption and distribution of Morestan 35S in the organism of the rat were studied after administration by stomach tube. It was shown that Morestan, in vivo and in vitro, forms a complex with plasma proteins and particularly with albumins. Most of the plasma Morestan is distributed like this. After intravenous admininstration, the constant of elimination, K13, and the biological half-life determination show that plasma Morestan 35S is eliminated very slowly. The K12 and K21 constants indicate that there is an equilibrium between the plasma compartment and a peripheral compartment. After intragastric administration, the increase of radioactivity in epididymal adipose tissue, indicate that the peripheral compartment should include the adipose tissue.

The degradation of quinomethionate (q), used as a fungicide on cucumbers, by geen algae, ankistrodesmus falcatus isolated from seeds of a cucumber culture, was studied. The algae actively decomposed q to CO2. One of two intermediary metabolites of q resulting from biohalogenation was 6-meta-2-amino-3-chloroquinoxaline, which is highly toxic to plants.|In rats, following oral administration, chinomethionat is rapidly metabolised, and about 90% is eliminated within 3 days in the feces and urine. The main metabolite is chinomethionat acid (dimethylmercaptoquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid), which also occurs in the conjugated form.|When rats were fed carbonyl-14C-labelled oxythioquinox. It was found that most of the radioactivity was exhaled as 14CO2. After 2,3-14C- and 35S-labelled active ingredient was fed to rats, no 14CO2 was found in the air expired. In this particular case, most of the activity was present in the urine and in the feces. A small proportion of the activity was found in the blood plasma in protein-bound form. The activity is not present as oxythioquinox itself, but partially as 2,3-dithiol-6-methyl quinoxaline, in traces as the corresponding dihydroxy compound, and as other still unidentified metabolites. The quinoxaline ring is apparently not metabolized in the animal body.|... The biological half-life determination show that plasma Morestan 35S is eliminated very slowly.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2016)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Compressions containing dry or moist oxythioquinox were applied to the forearms of 9 human volunteers for varying periods of 2, 4, 8 or 24 hours. Exposures for 24 hours resulted in reddening of the skin and occasional swelling and blistering, the incidence and severity of these injuries being more marked with the moist product.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Results of survey on the health impairment due to pesticide application in farmers of 44 homes in a citrus cultivation district from May to July 1978 are reported. Pesticides causing severe skin impairment included quinomethionate.

6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol cyclic carbonate

In 1987, 101654 lb ai/yr of quinomethionate were nationally used.

Wettable powders, smoke generators, dusts.|'Morestan', WP (250 g a.i./kg); Morestan 2', DP (20 g/kg); FU.|Morestan as produced by Chemargo has a manufacturer's designation of purity of 92%.|Dustable powder, suspension concentrate, flowable wettable powder.|The technical compound contains at least 80% pure active ingredient and the following by-products in varying concentrations: Chlormorestan; Dithioether; Monothioether; Monochlordithioether; Methyldichlorquinoxaline; 6-Methyl-quinoxaline-3-thiol-2-cyclocarbonate; Iron, probably as 2,3-dimercapto-6-methyl-quinoxaline salt; Sulfur.

In late spring or summer applications some phytotoxicity may occur when morestan is used with most fungicides & insecticides. Morestan is Incompatible with oils (phytotoxic).|...Effective in controlling several mite species on wide range of crops. ... Controlled pear psylla, cotton bollworm & aphids. ... Excellent control of powdery mildew on apples, cucumbers, squash & muskmelons. Effective control of apple scab & downy mildew ... reported.|Registered for use on citrus and ornamentals.

THIS REVIEW OF QUANTITATIVE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY CONSIDERS MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR TLC-DENSITOMETRY AND SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF THE METHOD FOR PARTICULAR PESTICIDES AND RELATED CHEMICALS. INCLUDES SPECIFIC CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEM OF USE FOR OXYTHIOQUINOX.|ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE PRODUCTS FOR N-NITROSO CONTAMINANTS SHOWED MANY PESTICIDES TO CONTAIN LESS THAN 1 MG N-NITROSAMINES/KG.|RESIDUES: COLORIMETRIC METHOD...HAVENS R ET AL; J AGRIC FOOD CHEM 12: 247 (1964). ...THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY...USED FOR ISOLATION & CLEAN-UP...FROM ORANGE RIND EXTRACTIVES...HEARTH FE ET AL; J ASSOC OFF ANAL CHEM 49: 774 (1966).|THIS FLUORIMETRIC METHOD APPLIED WITH EXPECTATION OF EVENTUAL USE ON RESIDUE ANALYSIS.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for OXYTHIOQUINOX (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agrochemicals -> Acaricides, Fungicides|INSECTICIDES