Pentafluoroethane

120.02

120.02

206-557-8

6TQ8593LRQ

3220

DTXSID1024251

Colorless gas

2903399090

0

1.55 (est)

Pentafluoroethane appears as a nonflammable gas. Heavier than air. May asphyxiate by the displacement of air in confined spaces. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire can cause it to rupture violently and rocket.

(Liquid) 1.23 g/cu cm at 20 deg C

-103 °C

-48.5 °C

-62.3±5.3 °C

1.212

In water, 923 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)

Stor in a dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources.

9501 mm Hg at 25 deg C

LC50 inhalation in mouse: 2735gm/m3/2H

2.50e-15 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 0.0488 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Global Warming Potential (GWP): Chemical: HFC-125; GWP: 3,500 (100-Year Time Horizon)|Ozone Depletion Potential = 0|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.9X10-15 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

PENTAFLUOROETHANE may be incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. May be incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

Critical temperature = 66.3 °C; critical pressure = 34.7 atm

2.2

3220

23-38

KI6365000

Xi

Irritant

Stable.

P41, P403

H280

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Danish EPA; Survey of selected fluorinated green-house gases (2015)[Available from, as of March 3, 2016: http://eng.mst.dk/]|Zakhari S, Aviado DM; Cardiovascular Toxicology of Aerosol Propellants, Refrigerants and Related Solvents; Target Organ Toxicology Series: Cardiovascular Toxicology, XII+ 388 pages; Raven Press: New York, NY 281-326 (1982). Review of the toxicology of aerosol propellants, refrigerants and related solvents on the cardiovascular system of humans.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]|P410+P40, and 410+P403|Aggregated GHS information provided by 202 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)

/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.|/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.|/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PENTAFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Pentafluoroethane is included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Pentafluoroethane is included on the dangerous goods list.

Pentafluoroethane was detected in the emissions of hydrofluorocarbon packaging in The Netherlands in 1990 at a rate of 56 metric kilo tons CO2 equivalents/year(1).|Estimated release of pentafluoroethane into the atmosphere over Europe was inferred from atmospheric measurements collected April to Oct 2009 from locations in Italy, Ireland and Switzerland(1). Regions were defined as: central west (Belgium, France, Luxembourg), central north (Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands), northwest (Ireland, United Kingdom), central south (Austria, Italy, Switzerland), southeast (Albania, Bulgaria, parts of Greece, Hungary, Romania, former Yugoslavia), northeast (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia), east (Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, western part of Ukraine), and southwest (Portugal, Spain)(1).[Table#6253]

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) is a colorless gas. More than 99% of HFC-125 produced worldwide used as a blend component for commercial refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The use as a fire-extinguishing agent in total flooding systems is another application of HFC-125. Minor applications include the use of HFC-125 in plastic foam blowing and as a solvent in special applications. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A chromosomal aberration test was carried out in human lymphocytes exposed up to 700,000 ppm (3,436,000 mg/cu m) HFC-125 for 3, 24 and 48 hours, with and without metabolic activation. This study gave clearly negative results. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats (males and females) were exposed to 800,000 ppm (3,927,000 mg/cu m) HFC-125 in atmosphere for 4 hours. No mortality was observed within 14 days after the exposure. During the exposure, clinical signs typical of an anesthetic effect, such as abnormal respiration and ataxic gait, were observed. These effects disappeared within 1 hour after the end of the exposure period. Cardiac sensitization potential of HFC-125 following adrenaline injection was studied in beagle dogs. Two dogs exposed respectively to 200,000 and 300,000 ppm HFC-125 showed fatal ventricular fibrillation. In 13-week study, groups of male and female rats were exposed to 0, 5,000, 15,000 and 50,000 ppm (0, 24.544, 73,632 and 245,440 mg/cu m) HFC-125 (6 hrs/day, 5 days/week). Additional groups of male and female rats were designated for a 4-week recovery period. No mortality was found at any dose. Pregnant female rabbits were exposed to levels of 0, 5,000, 15,000 or 50,000 ppm (0, 24.544, 73,632 and 245,440 mg/cu m) for 6 hrs/day during the gestation days 6-18 and sacrificed on day 29 of gestation. There was no evidence of any treatment-related morphological change or of increased incidence of visceral and skeletal anomalies or variants. Pregnant female rats were exposed to levels of 0, 5,000, 15,000 or 50,000 ppm (0, 24.544, 73,632 and 245,440 mg/cu m) for 6 hrs/day during the gestation days 6-15 and sacrificed on day 20 of gestation. No statistically-significant differences in the incidence of anomalies and variants were observed during visceral and skeletal examination of fetuses among the control and the treated groups. An erythrocyte micronucleus test was performed in mice. No significant changes were observed in the ratio of polychromated to mature cells among the control group and the groups treated with HFC-125. A cytogenetic assay for the study of chromosomal aberrations was carried out in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to concentrations up to 700,000 ppm (3,436,000 mg/cu m) for 4 hours and up to 600,000 ppm (2,945,000 mg/cu m) for 24 and 48 hours, with and without metabolic activation. Positive results were observed only after 48 hours of exposure to 600,000 ppm HFC-125 in the absence of metabolic activation. However, the increased incidence of chromosomal aberration, observed under this experimental condition was concurrent with clear evidence of cytotoxicity. HFC-125 up to 200,000 ppm (982,000 mg/cu m) was tested in 2 strains of Salmonella typhimurium, with and without metabolic activation. Negative results were obtained with both strains.

LC50 Rat inhalation 2910 g/cu m/4 hr|LC50 Mouse inhalation 2735 g/cu m/2 hr

Pentafluoroethane's production and use as a fire extinguisher and dry etching agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that pentafluoroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of pentafluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.049 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Pentafluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9501 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Pentafluoroethane may biodegrade slowly under aerobic conditions(4), but is not expected to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that pentafluoroethane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.049 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.2 hours and 4.3 days, respectively(SRC). Pentafluoroethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 3.2 years and 120 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.55(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Pentafluoroethane may biodegrade slowly under aerobic conditions(5), but is not expected to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(6).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pentafluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 9501 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase pentafluoroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.9X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Pentafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Pentafluoroethane has an atmospheric life-time of 26-36.5 years(5-10). Pentafluoroethane has estimated 20, 100 and 500 year Global Warming Potentials of 4600-5738, 2800-3800 and 920-1100, respectively(6-10).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of pentafluoroethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 1.9X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.069 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 3.2 years and 120 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Pentafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Pentafluoroethane has an atmospheric life-time of 26 years(4).|Global Warming Potentials (GWP) and atmospheric lifetimes (ALT) for pentafluoroethane.[Table#6252]

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated in fish for pentafluoroethane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.55 and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of pentafluoroethane can be estimated to be 140(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that pentafluoroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for pentafluoroethane is estimated as 0.049 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that pentafluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.3 days(SRC). Pentafluoroethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Pentafluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9501 mm Hg(3).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, six reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of pentafluoroethane in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 10-24 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|Occupational exposure to pentafluoroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pentafluoroethane is produced or used. (SRC)

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated & slowly released into blood @ concn that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. /Fluorocarbons/|Oral absorption is rapid but less complete than pulmonary absorption. Skin absorption is insignificant, except in patients with skin breakdown (e.g., burns, ulcers, severe ichthyosis). Increased metabolic rate can lead to greater inhalational absorption as well. Peak blood levels occur soon after inhalation but occur in 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. The chemicals distribute to tissues with high blood flow (e.g., brain, heart, liver, kidney) and then to adipose tissue, where the highest chemical concentrations are typically found. Halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P-450 oxidation. Partial glutathione conjugation may occur. Halogenated solvents can be excreted unchanged through the lungs. Elimination half-lives can be increased because of either prolonged exposure or hepatic dysfunction. Prolonged exposure allows more chemical to be stored in the adipose tissue, which serves as a source of continued release. /Halogenated Hydrocarbons - Halogenated Solvents/|Fluorocarbon compounds are lipid-soluble and thus are generally well absorbed through lung. Absorption after ingestion is 35 to 48 times lower than after inhalation. ... Fluorocarbons are eliminated by way of lung. /Fluorocarbon compounds/|Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 1,000, 5,000 and 50,000 ppm (4,900, 24,500 and 245,000 mg/cu m) HFC-125 for 6 hours in individual inhalation chambers. Absorption was calculated by measuring the decrease of HFC-125 concentration in atmosphere within the period of exposure. Results indicated a slight uptake at the end of the exposure period. Due to the low absorption of HFC-125, kinetic constants of uptake and metabolism were not calculated.

... Halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P-450 oxidation. Partial glutathione conjugation may occur. ... /Halogenated Hydrocarbons - Halogenated Solvents/|HFC-125 was assessed for the potential to be metabolized to trifluoroacetic acid in liver, in comparison with other halogenated-ethanes. Male Fisher rats were exposed to halothane, HCFC- 124, HFC-125, HCFC-123 and HFC-134a. At the end of the exposure, animals were placed in metabolism cages and urinary trifluoroacetic acid excretion was measured. The presence of trifluoroacetylated-hepatic protein was assessed by means of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-TFA-protein serum. The potential to form trifluoroacetylated-hepatic protein has the following decreasing order: Halothane . HCFC-123 >> HCFC-124 > HFC-125. TFA-proteins were not detected in samples from rats exposed to HFC-134a. 19F-NMR analysis of urinary TFA excretion confirmed the previous order of reactivity. The increased fluorination on the dihalomethyl group (- CX2H) decreases the metabolism of these compounds in vivo. HFC-125 showed a lower potential to form TFA in liver when compared to other halogenated ethanes.

... Elimination half-lives /of halogenated solvents/ can be increased because of either prolonged exposure or hepatic dysfunction. ... /Halogenated Hydrocarbons - Halogenated Solvents/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

... In persons who are intoxicated with fluorocarbons, steps can be taken to lessen the risk of arrhythmias. ... Before evaluation at the hospital, patients should be advised to avoid strenuous exercise. In the hospital, patients can be placed in a quiet, nonthreatening environment and sedated if necessary. If hypoxic, oxygen should be administered and metabolic abnormalities corrected. Sympathomimetic drugs should be avoided. Ventricular arrhythmias are best treated with beta-blocking agents. /Fluorocarbons/|/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasosupressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of cardiac irritability and fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Freons are toxic to humans by several mechanisms. Inhaled fluorocarbons sensitize the myocardium to catecholamines, frequently resulting in lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Because they are gases heavier than air, fluorocarbons can displace atmospheric oxygen, thus resulting in asphyxiation. These compounds also have a central nervous system anesthetic effect analogous to a structurally similar general anesthetic, halothane. Pressurized refrigerant or liquid fluorocarbons with a low boiling point have a cryogenic effect on exposed tissues, causing frostbite, laryngeal or pulmonary edema, and gastrointestinal perforation. /Freons/|/GENOTOXICITY/ A ... chromosomal aberration test was carried out in human lymphocytes exposed up to 700,000 ppm (3,436,000 mg/cu m) HFC-125 for 3, 24 and 48 hours, with and without metabolic activation. This study gave clearly negative results.

1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane

Refrigerants, 39%; foam blowing agents, 17%; solvents, 14%; fluoropolymers, 14%; sterilant gas, 2%; aerosol propellants, 2%; food freezant, 1%; other, 8%; exports, 3% (1985) /fluorocarbons/

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Ethane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-: ACTIVE|PMN - indicates a commenced PMN (Pre-Manufacture Notices) substance.

Gas chromatographic method for determining fluorocarbons in air is described. Concn in air are determined directly. /Fluorocarbons/|Gas chromatographic method for measuring halocarbons in ambient air samples is presented. /Halocarbons/|Coulometric gas chromatography with 2 electron-capture detectors in series & silicone oil DC 200 column was used for analysis of 8 halogenated hydrocarbons in urban air samples. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/|Fluorocarbons in air of working area & in exhaled air can be analyzed by IR spectrometry. /Fluorocarbons/|A gas chromatographic procedure for determining atmospheric levels of fluorocarbons is described. Column is temp programmed to separate halogenated components while maintaining short retention times for each component. Freon 113 incl. /Fluorocarbons/

Gas chromatography with electron capture analysis of the blood headspace can be used to determine the concentration of halogenated solvents in biological samples. /Halogenated Hydrocarbons-Halogenated Solvents/|Hexane extraction procedure for the determination of common fluorocarbon propellants in blood was evaluated. An analysis of sample headspace was also evaluated for determining chloropentafluoroethane in blood. Both procedures involved analysis by gas chromatography using electron capture detection. The widely used hexane extraction procedure for determining ppm levels of volatile halocarbons in tissue was evaluated by a combination of radiochemical and gas chromatographic techniques. The data suggest that hexane extraction gives significantly low results. /Fluorocarbons/