1-Bromo-2-chloroethane

143.41

143.41

605265

203-456-0

B2PDN2XO5U

60186

2996

DTXSID4024775

Colorless liquid

29034980

0

1.61

Clear colorless to slightly yellow Liquid

1.7392 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-16.7 °C

107 °C

104-107°C

n 20/D 1.4884(lit.)

H2O: 7 g/L (20 ºC)

Store below +30°C.

33.1 mm Hg @ 25 deg C

4.94

Oral-Rat LD50: 64 mg/kg

Decomposes toxic vapor of halide in case of heat

Chloroform-like odor

9.09e-04 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 9.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole @ 25 °C

Wt/g= 14.9 lb @ 0 °C; volatile

Slightly water soluble.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

1-CHLORO-2-BROMOETHANE is incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and magnesium (NTP, 1992).

III

6.1

UN 2810 6.1/PG 2

3

45-20/21-25-37/38-68-36/37/38-23/25

53-36/37-45-38-36/37/39-28A

KH6500000

T

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P201-P261-P280-P301 + P310-P308 + P313

H301-H312 + H332-H315-H335-H350

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 61 companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P310, P321, P330, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials and strong bases. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Harmful concn of the vapors of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons should not be allowed to build up in the atmosphere in which operators are working & if this is unavoidable ... adequate personal protective equipment must be provided & appropriate safety measures adopted. ... An appropriate ventilation system must be /provided/. ... /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons/

An irritant to skin, eyes, & mucous membranes.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane stem from its toxicologic properties. While hazardous by all routes, including percutaneous absorption, exposure to this colorless liquid occurs primarily via dermal contact and inhalation at sites where the substance is used as a solvent or chemical intermediate. Acute effects from exposure to 1-bromo-2-chloroethane range from irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes to death; with the latter sometimes occuring suddenly from ventricular fibrillation. Or, death may occur within a week (without proper treatment), during which time, the victim may experience an essentially asymptomatic interval of several days. Both acute and chronic exposure can lead to liver and/or kidney injury. Appropriate ventilation systems must be used to prevent buildup of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane vapor (chloroform-like odor) in work areas. If this is not possible, adequate personal protective equipment must be provided. If skin or eyes become contaminated, flush with copious amounts of water. Protection from exposure is especially recommended for persons with existing damage to, or suspected susceptibility to damage to the liver or kidney. While not reported to be a fire hazard, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane, when heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides and bromides. Before transporting 1-bromo-2-chloroethane, the regulatory requirements of the DOT must be consulted. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

SEDIMENT: 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane was found in sediment samples collected from a geographical area associated with the bromine industry(1).

SOURCE AREAS: 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane was detected at a median and maximum concentration of 6.1 and 1,100 parts per trillion(1), respectively, in three source areas: Edison, NJ; El Dorado, AK; and Magnolia, AK (74 samples). 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane was not found in three routine EPA field ambient air monitoring samples(2).|RURAL/REMOTE: 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane was not detected in atmospheric volatile organic chemical sampling at the Grand Canyon, AZ(1).

highly toxic

LD50 Rat oral 64 mg/kg

... Persons with existing damage or suspected of being susceptible to damage of the /liver or kidney should be protected from exposure/. Alcoholism and liver diseases are the most frequent contraindications of this sort. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons/

1-Bromo-2-chloroethane's production and use as a solvent(1) and former(2) use as a fumigant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 34(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 6,900 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 33.1 mm Hg(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 34(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 6,900 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 122 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 4(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-bromo-2-chloroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 33.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 42 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 42 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 6.7X10-3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 3 and 32 years at pH values of 8 and 7, respectively(2), indicating that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 4 was calculated for 1-bromo-2-chloroethane(SRC), using a water solubility of 6,900 mg/l at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is estimated as 34(SRC), using a water solubility of 6,900 mg/l at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is 9.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 122 hours(SRC). 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 33.1 mm Hg(1).

DRINKING WATER: 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane has been identified, but not quantified in drinking water(1).|1-Bromo-2-chloroethane was found in water samples collected from a geographical area associated with the bromine industry(1).|SURFACE WATER: In a sampling of 204 surface waters near major industrial areas across the continental USA, 1-bromo-2-chloroethane was detected, but not quantified, at 1 site(1). 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane was not detected or found at concentrations <0.1 ug/L in 42 raw and 42 treated water samples at 10 potable water treatment plants along the Great Lakes(2).

HAZARDOUS BY ALL ROUTES, INCLUDING PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION.|Occupational exposure to 1-bromo-2-chloroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is produced or used. (SRC)

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include nausea, dizziness, headache and narcosis. Other symptoms include liver and kidney injury. It may cause anesthesia. It also causes irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This chemical is toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride gas and hydrogen bromide gas. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Headache, gastric discomfort, pallor, mucous membranes irritation, lowering of blood pressure & body temperature, & ultimately coma have been described as signs of acute ethylene chlorobromide intoxication.|In chronic exposure injury to the liver, kidneys & eyes may occur.|HAZARDOUS BY ALL ROUTES, INCLUDING PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION. MAY PRODUCE ANESTHESIA & LIVER AND KIDNEY INJURIES.

1-bromo-2-chloroethane

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Ethane, 1-bromo-2-chloro-: ACTIVE|S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.