1-Nitropropane

89.09

89.09

506236

203-544-9

39W305OW99

1050

6363

2608

DTXSID1020980

Liquid|Colorless liquid

29042000

45.8

0.87

Clear Liquid

0.9934 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

-108 °C

131.6 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

93 °F

1.399

H2O: 1.40 g/100 mL

Flammables area

7.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

3.1 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 455 mg/kg

Flammable; high heat emits toxic nitrogen oxide gas

2.2-11.0%(V)

Somewhat disagreeable odor

pH = 6.0 for a 0.01 M aqueous solution at 25 °C

4.40e-13 cm3/molecule*sec

8.70e-05 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 8.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

pKa = 8.98

Weight: 8.4 lb/US gallon; heat of formation: -40.05 kcal/mole at 25 °C; 0.5 mL water dissolves in 100 mL of 1-nitropropane|Decomposes when subjected to high temperatures|Coefficient of expansion: 0.00101 per °C, 0.00056 per °F; dielectric constant: 23.24 @ 30 °C|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.40X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

NITROPROPANE forms salts with inorganic bases such as calcium hydroxide. The dry salts are explosive [Chem. Eng. news 30:2344. 1952].

789 °F (USCG, 1999)|789 °F, 421 °C|421 °C

481.363 Kcal/mol at 25 °C

10.81 eV

Class IC Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 73°F and below 100°F.

10.37 Kcal//mol at 25 °C

Critical temperature: 402.0 °C

III

3

UN 2608 3/PG 3

1

10-20/21/22

9-24/25

TZ5075000

Xn

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from oxidant

Explosive when mixed with air

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents.

P261-P280-P311

H226-H302 + H312-H331

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Liquid ... may be disposed of by diluting in fuel oil and atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.|Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.|Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, Strong bases.|Metal oxides increase its sensitivity to thermal ignition.|Even though no detonation of 1-nitropropane has been reported, contact with amines, strong acids, and alkalies may cause 1-nitropropane to become unstable. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fires and explosions. Mixtures of 1-nitropropane and hydrocarbons (or other combustible materials) are highly flammable. Contact with metal oxides may cause decomp and development of pressure.|The nitroalkanes are mild oxidants under ordinary conditions, but precautions should be taken when they are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, since violent reactions may occur.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for 1-Nitropropane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Combustion products include toxic oxides of nitrogen along with carbon monoxide. Behavior in Fire: Produces toxic gases and vapors. Containers may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosive hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewer. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Flashback may occur along vapor trail. (USCG, 1999)|Flammable. Above 36 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree

|Warning|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501|Danger|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 313 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P311, P312, P321, P330, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P281, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P311, P312, P321, P330, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear neoprene rubber gloves, plastic working clothes, and self-contained breathing apparatus.|Clothing wet with liquid 1-nitropropane should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for removal of 1-nitropropane from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the 1-nitropropane, the person performing the operation should be informed of 1-nitropropane's hazardous properties.|Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where liquid 1-nitropropane may contact the eyes.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 250 ppm: [Table#3960]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1-Nitropropane (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Flammable, moderate fire risk ... .|Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, open flame or oxidizers.

... Moderate explosion hazard when shocked or heated.|May explode on heating.|Lower explosive limit 2.2%|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 2.2-?

Use water spray, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. / Nitropropanes/|To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical, water spray.|Alcohol foam. Water may be ineffective.|Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Further information: Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

After covering the spills with soda ash, mix and spray with water. Scoop into a bucket of water and leave it stand for 2 hr. Neutralize with 6 M HCl ...|If liquid ... is spilled or leaked ... 1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels and burn in a suitable combustion chamber which allows burning in an unconfined condition and is equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Large quantities can be collected, diluted in fuel oil, and atomized in suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Liquid 1-nitropropane should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-Nitropropane (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Nitropropanes/|/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Nitropropanes/|/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Nitropropanes/|/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Nitropropanes/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-Nitropropane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Nitropropanes is included on the dangerous goods list. /Nitropropanes/|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Nitropropanes is included on the dangerous goods list. /Nitropropanes/

... Human exposure to 1-NP concentrations exceeding 100 ppm reportedly causes eye irritation in humans.|The substance is irritating to the eyes and the respiratory tract.|A human eye irritant.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 25 ppm (90 mg/cu m).

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 25 ppm (90 mg/cu m).

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and strong bases.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 36 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Nitropropane is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Nitropropane/

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 2 - Materials that readily undergo violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures.|W - No water: Materials that react violently or explosively with water.

1-Nitropropane was detected at a concentration of 30 ug/g in fresh and 1.34 ug/g in used machine cutting-fluid emulsion(1). 1-Nitropropane was detected at unreported concentrations in gases from a landfill simulator containing municipal refuse and municipal wastewater sludges(2). The compound has been reported in tobacco smoke(3).

highly toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Nitropropane (1-NP) is a colorless liquid. 1-NP is used as a rocket propellant, gasoline additive, and in chemical syntheses. HUMAN STUDIES: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and intermittent diarrhea and headaches occurred in men exposed at 20 to 45 ppm of 1-NP during a dipping processes. Additionally, human exposure to 1-NP concentrations exceeding 100 ppm reportedly causes eye irritation in humans. ANIMAL STUDIES: Exposures at 5,000 ppm of 1-NP for 3 hr killed rabbits and guinea pigs. However, concentration of 10,000 ppm for 1 hr was not lethal. Signs of 1-NP exposure included conjunctival irritation, lacrimation, slow respiration with some rales, incoordination, ataxia, and weakness. Rats treated with 1-NP at 1 mmol/kg bw three times per week for 16 weeks had only slightly reduced body weight, and after 26 weeks (termination of treatment), they regained their body weight. One benign liver tumor was observed in these rats. Hepatotoxic symptoms were also observed. There have been numerous studies on the mutagenic activity of 1-NP in Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test). 1-NP was not mutagenic in multiple strains of S. typhimurium with or without the addition of various microsomal metabolic activating systems. The effects of DNA repair synthesis were also studied in numerous mammalian cell lines derived from humans, mice, hamsters, and rats, but 1-NP was not active. An additional study examined liver cell lines that possess cytochrome P450 metabolic capability versus V79 cells that lack this capability. 1-NP was completely inactive in the liver cell lines but did induce mutations and micronuclei in V79 cells.

LD50 Rat oral 455 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 3100 ppm/8 hr|LD50 Mouse oral 800 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 250 mg/kg

1-Nitropropane's production and use as a solvent for cellulose acetate, vinyl resins, lacquers, synthetic rubbers, fats, oils, and dyes and other organic materials, an intermediate(1), as a gasoline additive(2) and an ingredient in rocket propellant(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 36(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-nitropropane is expected to have very high mobility(SRC). The pKa of 1-nitropropane is 8.98(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of 1-nitropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1-Nitropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Using the Closed Bottle test, 45% degradation in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(6) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 36(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-nitropropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 12 hrs and 7 days, respectively(SRC). A pKa of 8.98(5) indicates 1-nitropropane will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process for the ionized species(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 1.3(7) indicates that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using the Closed Bottle test, 45% degradation in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(7) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-nitropropane, which has a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-nitropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.40X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Nitropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-nitropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 4.40X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 37 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Photodegradation of 1-nitropropane in the gas phase has been measured according to the Fujiki Test; this test uses three 360 nm and three 300 nm emitting lamps and Pyrex glass reaction tubes(3). After 24 hours, degradation of greater than 95% was reported for 1-nitropropane(3). 1-Nitropropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). 1-nitropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A BCF value of 1.3 was measured for fish (Golden ide) in a static 3-day test with 1-nitropropane present at 50 ppb(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Bioconcentration of 1-nitropropane in algae (Chlorella fusca) was measured using (14)C-labelled 1-nitropropane at 50 ppb. The algae were irradiated for 24 hours; 92.9% of the radioactivity was present in solution, 1.7% of the radioactivity was associated with the algae(1). A bioconcentration factor of 180 for algae was calculated from this experiment(1).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-nitropropane can be estimated to be 36(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-nitropropane is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of 1-nitropropane is 8.98(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

A pKa of 8.98(1) indicates 1-nitropropane will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9(SRC). The Henry's Law constant for the neutral species of 1-nitropropane is 8.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-nitropropane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 12 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 days(SRC). 1-Nitropropane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1-Nitropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg(3).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facility estimated the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of 1-nitropropane in the United States is not known or reasonable ascertainable; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 21,537 workers (1,311 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-nitropropane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-nitropropane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-nitropropane is produced or used(SRC). The general population is exposed to 1-nitropropane via smoking cigarettes(SRC).

It can be absorbed by GI tract and by lungs, and excretion takes place in urine in the form of the nitrate, oxidized from the nitrite ions which are the product of its metabolism, and part expired unchanged. There is no evidence of absorption from skin.

It can be absorbed by GI tract and by lungs, and excretion takes place in urine in form of nitrate, oxidized from the nitrite ions which are the product of its metabolism, and part expired unchanged.|1-Nitropropane is a substrate for the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed-function oxidase system. Oxidative denitrification of 1-nitropropane by phenobarbital-induced rat microsomes occurred at a rate of 0.6 nmole/min/mg protein. This rate was much slower than for 2-nitropropane which was metabolized at 2.4 nmole/min/mg microsomal protein. The role of cytochrome P-450 system in vivo in 1-nitropropane metabolism is unknown. ...A small amount of a mercapturic acid metabolite /was isolated/ from the urine of rabbits dosed with 1-nitropropane.

Inhalation causes headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, muscular uncoordination and irritation of the respiratory tract. Contact causes irritation of the eyes and skin. Ingestion may cause headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, restlessness and muscular uncoordination. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate First Aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. if patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, Nitrites, and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 dL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Industrial experience with 1-nitropropane has been virtually without incident; a few field reports of warning symptoms such as headache and nausea resulting from prolonged exposure to excessive amounts have been made, but these appear well in advance of systemic injury ... .|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are eye irritation, headache, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The chemical may produce... injury to the liver and kidneys in exposed humans. High concentrations of the chemical also may produce methemoglobinemia with cyanosis. 1-Nitropropane vapors also are damaging to the lungs. 1-Nitropropane is, however, more acutely irritating to mucous membranes than 2-nitropropane.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and intermittent diarrhea and headaches occurred in men exposed at 20 to 45 ppm of nitropropane during a dipping processes. These symptoms ceased when methyl ethyl ketone was substituted. Additionally, human exposure to 1-NP concentrations exceeding 100 ppm reportedly causes eye irritation in humans.|/GENOTOXICITY/ The effects of DNA repair synthesis were also studied in numerous mammalian cell lines derived from humans, mice, hamsters, and rats, but 1-NP was not active. An additional study examined liver cell lines that possess cytochrome P450 metabolic capability versus V79 cells that lack this capability. 1-NP was completely inactive in the liver cell lines but did induce mutations and micronuclei in V79 cells.

1-nitropropane

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes; headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

Headache. Nausea. Vomiting.

Redness.

Eyes, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

Industrial grade

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Propane, 1-nitro-: ACTIVE

Gas chromatography is probably the most versatile method for analyzing nitroparaffins, eg, in the presence of nitric acid esters. High performance liquid chromatography (hplc) may be used to determine nitroparaffins by utilizing a standard uv detector at 254 nm. This method is particularly applicable to small amounts of nitroparaffins present, eg, in nitro alcohols (qv), which cannot be analyzed easily by gas chromatography. /Nitroparaffins/|Simple and sensitive colorimetric procedures for the measurement of several nitroalkanes were developed. The methods are based on the oxidative denitrification of nitroalkanes by nitroalkane oxidase and the spectrophotometric determination of 1 of the reaction products. A linear relationship was established between the absorbance of the colored products and the amount of nitroalkanes.|Method: OSHA 46; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: 1-nitropropane; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 25 ppb (91 ug/cu m).|1-Nitropropane was detected in machine cutting fluid by extraction with diethyl ether and concentration. This was treated by subboiling distillation under vacuum pressure to separate the volatile compounds. The compounds in this mixture were then identified by GC with both a FID and NPD.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree