1-Pentanol

88.15

88.15

1730975

200-752-1

M9L931X26Y

0535

5707

1105

DTXSID6021741

Colorless liquid

2905199090

20.2

1.51

APHA: ≤30 Liquid

0.8146 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-79 °C

137.5 °C

120 °F

1.407

H2O: 22 g/L (22 ºC)

Flammables area

1 mm Hg ( 13.6 °C)

3 (vs air)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3670 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 2306 mg/kg

Lower flammable limit: 1.2% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 10.0% by volume at 212 deg F (100 deg C)

10%, 100°F

CHARACTERISTIC FUSEL-LIKE ODOR

BURNING TASTE

1.11e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

1.30e-05 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Ratio of specific heats of vapor (gas) = 1.06; Liquid water interfacial tension: 5 dynes/cm = 0.005 N/m at 20 °C|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.1X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Highly Flammable

Moderately toxic, flammable if exposed to powerful oxidizers. Incompatible with oxidizing materials, hydrogen trisulfide [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 224].

680 °F (USCG, 1999)|572 °F (300 °C)|320 °C

-16,200 Btu/lb= -9,000 Cal/g

Lower flammable limit: 1.2% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 10.0% by volume at 212 °F (100 °C)

44.83 kJ/mol

Critical temperature = 315.35 °C; Critical pressure = 3858 kPa

II

3

UN 1105 3/PG 3

1

10-20-37-66-37/38

46-36/37

SB9800000

Xn,F,Xi

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants.

Irritant/Flammable

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P210-P261-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P337 + P313-P403 + P235

H226-H315-H319-H332-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for pentanol: Activated carbon.|Amyl alcohol is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

Attacks many alkaline and earth alkaline metals forming flammable/explosive gas.|Incompatible with oxidizing materials, hydrogen trisulfide.

Amyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Pentan-1-ol (71-41-0) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from the database query page: http://ecb.jrc.it/esis/esis.php as of July 13, 2005.

UN 1105/2705

P210; P261; P280; P304 + P340 + P312; P337 + P313; P403 + P235

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Above 43 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Warning|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 393 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P332+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2915 companies from 31 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P321, P332+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Face splash shield, goggles, protective clothing, and cartridge respirator. (USCG, 1999)|Standard industrial hygiene controls should be used in limiting employee exposure. These include the use of barrier creams and personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. canister-type respirators capable of absorbing organic vapor will protect against pulmonary absorption in areas with low levels of air contamination. Airline respirators or self-contained oxygen equipment should be used in enclosed work areas and where there is high level contamination. /phenyl alcohols/|Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. /pentanols/

Extremely flammable if exposed to heat or flame.

Lower explosive limit: 1.2%, upper explosive limit: 10% at 212 °F ... Explosion hazard: moderate, when exposed to flame.|Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Above 33 °C explosive vapor/air mixtures may be formed.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-10.5

Extinguish with dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /pentanols/

The vapor is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /pentanols/|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /pentanols/|Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /pentanols/|Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /pentanols/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material is anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /pentanols/|/To prevent/ explosion above 33 °C use a closed system, ventilation, and explosion-proof electrical equipment. /from table/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-PENTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Amyl alcohols; Pentanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Amyl alcohols; Pentanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Amyl alcohols; Pentanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Amyl alcohols; Pentanols/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-PENTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Vapor may be irritating to eyes and upper respiratory tract.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If swallowed the substance may cause vomiting and could result in aspiration pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 43 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Amyl alcohol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

n-Pentyl alcohol was detected in the effluents from advanced waste water treatment facilities from Orange county, CA and Washington, DC(1). n-Pentyl alcohol is likely to be found in effluents from the following industries: plastics, synthetic resins and some elastomers; synthetic rubber; cleaning, polishing and sanitation preparation; industrial organic chemical; and petroleum refining(2).

n-Pentyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in air over the southern Black Forest in southwestern Germany(1). It was also identified, not quantified, in indoor air of schools in Stockholm, Sweden(2). n-Pentyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in 81% of the samples obtained from the air in 26 homes located in Finland(3).

Unspecified isomer(s) of pentyl alcohol was detected in the concentration range of 0.184 to 0.768 mg/kg (manure) in the volatile components of poultry manure(1).

LD50 Rabbit dermal 2000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse ip about 325 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse iv 184 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse oral 200 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 2200 mg/kg bw

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ This study describes effects of selected nonpolar narcotics of varying hydrophobicity (quantified by the 1-octanol-water partition coefficient, log Kow) and molecular structure on the population growth kinetics of the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. The response of Tetrahymena exposed to different nonpolar narcotics varied from a change in generation time to a change in lag phase with similar generation time compared to control. Two narcotics with high (>3.00), intermediate (>0.00 and <3.00), and low log Kow (<0. 00) values were tested. Growth of Tetrahymena inhibited up to 85% by the high log Kow toxicants (2-decanone and butylbenzene) grew with similar rates as the control, but exhibited increased lag time, suggesting that the protozoan became acclimated to toxicant stress. Results from growth of Tetrahymena in the low log Kow toxicants (ethanol and acetone) indicate an increased generation time with increasing concentration. Cells inhibited by the intermediate log Kow chemicals, 1-pentanol and anisole, exhibited a response that was a combination of the previously mentioned two contrary responses. Cells inhibited <35% with 1-pentanol and <50% with anisole grew with similar generation times as control flasks, whereas in cells inhibited >35% or >50%, respectively, the doubling times were longer than control growth.

n-Pentyl alcohol occurs naturally in animal wastes and in essential oils of vegetation(1). It also occurs naturally as a volatile component of many foods including blue cheese(2), cassava(3), nectarine(4), chickpea seed(6) and kiwi fruit flowers(5).|IN ESSENTIAL OILS OF BRAZILIAN & AMERICAN PEPPERMINT, SPANISH "ORIGANUM", THYMUS MARSHALLIANUS, ARTEMISIA HERBA-ALBA, EUCALYPTUS CANUTA, E AGGREGATA, OREGANUM, & COTTONSEED OIL. ... ALSO /IN/ ... BITTER ORANGE OIL ...

n-Pentyl alcohol's production and use as a solvent in the manufacturing of petroleum additives, urea-formaldehyde plastics processing, organic chemical manufacturing and raw material for pharmaceutical preparations(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 160(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.51(2)and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-pentyl alcohol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-pentyl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of n-pentyl alcohol from dry soil surfaces may exist (SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.2 mm Hg(5). Screening studies using sewage inoculum(6-9) suggest that n-pentyl alcohol will readily degrade in soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 160(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.51(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that n-pentyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4) Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 43 hours and 23 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The rate constant for the reaction of n-pentyl alcohol with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution has a maximum value of 4.8X10+9/M-sec at a pH of 5(7,8). Based on this rate constant and a value of 10-17 M for the concentration of hydroxyl radical in eutrophic water(9), the half-life of n-pentyl alcohol due to this reaction can be estimated to be 56 days. Therefore, this reaction should not be important in water(SRC). Biodegradation tests of n-pentyl alcohol with sewage and activated sludge(10-13) indicate that aerobic biodegradation will occur in natural water. Biodegradation tests under anaerobic conditions(14,15) suggests that biodegradation of the compound should occur in anaerobic water and sediment(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-pentyl alcohol , which has a vapor pressure of 2.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-pentyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the reaction of n-pentyl alcohol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere is 1.1X10-11 cu-cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. The rate constant for the reaction of n-pentyl alcohol with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution has a maximum value of 4.8X10+9/M-sec at a pH of 5(2,3). Based on this rate constant and a value of 10-17 M for the concentration of hydroxyl radical in eutrophic water(4), the half-life of n-pentyl alcohol due to this reaction can be estimated to be 56 days. Therefore, this reaction should not be important in water(SRC). n-Pentyl alcohol does not contain any functional group that are amenable to hydrolysis(5). Similarly, n-pentyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and the longest wavelength absorption band in the alcohols occur at wavelength below 200 nm(6). Therefore, n-pentyl alcohol is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for n-pentyl alcohol(SRC) using a log Kow of 1.51(1) and a regression derived equation(2). Based on a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

5.01 L/kg|The Koc of n-pentyl alcohol is estimated as 160(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.51(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-pentyl alcohol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for n-pentyl alcohol is 1.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-pentyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) (2) is estimated as 43 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) (2) is estimated as 23 days(SRC) The potential for volatilization of n-pentyl alcohol from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.2 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: n-Pentyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water of unspecified location(s) in the U.S.(1). It was also detected in drinking water from Cincinnati, OH in 1976/1978/1980 surveys(2) and in drinking water from Seattle, WA in a 1976 survey(2). An unspecified isomer of pentyl alcohol was detected at a concn 0.001 mg/L in the drinking water of Washington, DC(3).|SURFACE WATER: n-Pentyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in sea water near Kitakyushu area of Japan(1).|GROUNDWATER: Unspecified isomer(s) of pentyl alcohol were detected at a concn 11.66 mg/L in groundwater from a sanitary landfill near Wilmington, DE(1). Unspecified isomer(s) of pentyl alcohol were also detected at a concn 0.065 mg/L in 1 of 2 municipal solid waste landfill leachate sample from Minnesota(2).

n-Pentyl alcohol has been detected in volatile components of nectarine(1), fried bacon(3) and roasted filberts(4), Chickpea (Cocer arietimum)(5), kiwi fruit flower(7), Japanese apples(8), Cassava products(10) and Dalieb (Borassus aethiopum), an edible fruit of deciduous palm grown in Sudan(9). Unspecified isomer(s) of pentyl alcohol were detected in volatile components of fried chicken(6). n-Pentyl alcohol was detected at a mean concn 0.008 mg/kg in dry beans, at 0.019 mg/kg in dry split peas and at 0.095 mg/kg in dry lentils(2). n-Pentyl alcohol was detected at concns of 454-1267 ug/kg in commercial soybean curds(11). n-Pentyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in blue cheese(12).

n-Pentyl alcohol was found in 4 of 12 mother's milk collected from NJ, PA and LA(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1983) has statistically estimated that 23,189 (10,188 of these are female) workers are potentially exposed to n-pentyl alcohol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-pentyl alcohol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-pentyl alcohol is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-pentyl alcohol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water(SRC).

n-Pentyl alcohol was detected in the expired air in 4 of 8 male subjects (smoking and nonsmoking) at a concn range 0.007-0.60 ug/hr(1). It was also detected in the expired air of non-smoking healthy subjects(2) and the mean concn was 0.505 ng/L in 54 subjects with a percent occurrence of 22%(3). n-Pentyl alcohol was found in 4 of 12 mother's milk collected from NJ, PA and LA(4). It was also detected in 29 of 46 adipose tissues collected during the 1982 National Human Adipose Tissue Survey(5).

...It is absorbed by GI tract, lung, and through the skin.|When rats were exposed by inhalation to 100, 300, or 600 ppm 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 7 weeks, 1-pentanol was found in the brain at 0.2, 1.4, and 3.2 ppm, respectively. Similar but smaller values were found in rats exposed to the same concentrations for 14 weeks. 1-Pentanol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase to /the aldehyde, and the aldehyde is then oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase to/ valeric acid in rats, and it can undergo further oxidation or be excreted in the urine.|After an oral dose of 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg of 1-pentanol, the maximal blood levels in mice occurred at 10 min and were nonlinear. The blood levels were 7, 11, and 16 mg/dL, respectively. No 1-pentanol could be found in the blood after 4 hr.|Rats given 1g/kg of 1-pentanol (0.25 g at 15-min intervals) by intraperitoneal injection showed a peak blood concentration of about 21 mg% 1 hr after dosing started and disappearance from the blood after 3.5 hr. Only 0.88% and 0.29% were excreted in the expired air and urine, respectively. Rats given a 2-g/kg oral dose of 1-pentanol had a peak blood concentration of 20 to 25 mg% in 1 hour and essentially none after 4 hr. No alcohol was detected in the urine.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for N-PENTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1-Pentanol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase to /the aldehyde, and the aldehyde is then oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase to/ valeric acid in rats, and it can undergo further oxidation or be excreted in the urine.|Pentanol has known human metabolites that include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-pentoxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid.

Irritation of skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; headache and vertigo; dyspnea and cough; nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Double vision, deafness, delirium, and occasionally fatal poisoning, preceded by severe nervous symptoms, have been reported. Coma, glycosuria, and methemoglobinemia can occur. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

There is no antidote for intoxication /of pentyl alcohols/. If symptoms develop, the victim should be removed from the contaminated area and given supportive treatment if it is needed. /Pentyl alcohols/|Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Inhalation of amyl alcohol vapors by man caused ... vertigo ... dyspnea, and cough ... double vision, deafness, delirium, and occasionally fatal poisoning, preceded by severe nervous symptoms, have been ascribed ... to effects of absorption of amyl alcohol.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Amyl alcohol vapor causes stinging sensation of eyes and irritation of the respiratory passages ... producing lacrimation, and hyperemia of conjunctiva, but no significant corneal injury.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /Neurotoxic effects of 1-pentanol include/ delirium; deafness; diplopia; CNS depression; preconvulsive movement; iritis. /From table/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.|/CASE REPORTS/ Long ago a disturbance of color vision in a brewer ... /allegedly/ caused by amyl alcohol ... otherwise ... no authentic case of visual disturbance from amyl alcohol ... .

1-pentanol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Nausea. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Temporary loss of vision.

Grade: Technical; CP; 98%.|In commerce, however, amyl alcohol is generally a mixture of several isomers, typically 74% (by weight) 1-pentanol, 25% 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 1% 3-methyl-1-butanol.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1-Pentanol: ACTIVE|...Commercial amyl alcohol or fusel oil is toxic mixture of isomers of varying composition.

Method: AOAC 972.10, Alcohols (Higher) and Ethyl Acetate in Distilled Liquors; Procedure: Gas chromatography; Analyte: n-amyl alcohol; Matrix: distilled liquors; Detection Limit: not provided.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty alcohols [FA05]|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree

Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT;