1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane

170.03

170.03

207-079-2

R40P36GDK6

DTXSID4042048

Colorless gas

2903399090

0

2.51 (est)

Liquid

1.394 g/cu cm at 25 deg C

-129.5 °C

-18 °C

-50.1±10.2 °C

1.229

In water, 108 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)

Stmerin D, a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI) for treatment of asthma, contains CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) as a propellant. For the CFC replacement study, two formulations were prepared using hydrofluoroalkanes (HFA-134a and HFA-227) and the effect of storage on the spray performance was investigated under accelerated stress conditions

3.41X10+3 mm Hg at 25 deg C

4.2 at 20 deg C (Air = 1)

Light ethereal odor

1.62e-15 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 16 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Global Warming Potential (GWP): Chemical: HFC-227ea; GWP: 3,220 (100-Year Time Horizon)|Critical molar volume: 270 cu cm/mol|Most commercial refrigerants are liquids whose latent heat of vaporization results in cooling.|Conversion factors: 1 ppm = 6.94 mg/cu m; 1 mg/cu m = 0.144 ppm|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Latent heat of vaporization: 132.7 kJ/kg

Critical temperature: 412.40 K; critical pressure: 3.42 MPa

2.2

3296

23-38

Xi

Irritant

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals

P41, P403

H280

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|The generation of waste should be avoided or minimized wherever possible. Disposal of this product, solutions and any by-products should at all times comply with the requirements of environmental protection and waste disposal legislation and any regional local authority requirements. Dispose of surplus and non-recyclable products via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Waste should not be disposed of untreated to the sewer unless fully compliant with the requirements of all authorities with jurisdiction. Empty Airgas-owned pressure vessels should be returned to Airgas. Waste packaging should be recycled. Incineration or landfill should only be considered when recycling is not feasible. This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. Empty containers or liners may retain some product residues. Do not puncture or incinerate container.

Danish EPA; Survey of selected fluorinated green-house gases (2015)[Available from, as of March 3, 2016: http://eng.mst.dk/]

|Warning|H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]|P410+P40, and 410+P403|Aggregated GHS information provided by 145 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

Eye/face protection: Safety eyewear complying with an approved standard should be used when a risk assessment indicates this is necessary to avoid exposure to liquid splashes, mists, gases or dusts. If contact is possible, the following protection should be worn, unless the assessment indicates a higher degree of protection: safety glasses with sideshields.|Hand protection: Chemical-resistant, impervious gloves complying with an approved standard should be worn at all times when handling chemical products if a risk assessment indicates this is necessary. If contact with the liquid is possible, insulated gloves suitable for low temperatures should be worn. Considering the parameters specified by the glove manufacturer, check during use that the gloves are still retaining their protective properties. It should be noted that the time to breakthrough for any glove material may be different for different glove manufacturers. In the case of mixtures, consisting of several substances, the protection time of the gloves cannot be accurately estimated.|Body protection: Personal protective equipment for the body should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a specialist before handling this product.|Other skin protection: Appropriate footwear and any additional skin protection measures should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a specialist before handling this product.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nonflammable compressed gas /Heptafluoropropane/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to known-down vapors. /Heptafluoropropane/|Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Heptafluoropropane/|Fire-fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece operated in positive pressure mode. For incidents involving large quantities, thermally insulated undergarments and thick textile or leather gloves should be worn.

Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. /Heptafluoropropane/

For non-emergency personnel: No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Evacuate surrounding areas. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Avoid breathing gas. Provide adequate ventilation. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Put on appropriate personal protective equipment. ... Environmental precautions: Ensure emergency procedures to deal with accidental gas releases are in place to avoid contamination of the environment. Avoid dispersal of spilled material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers. Inform the relevant authorities if the product has caused environmental pollution (sewers, waterways, soil or air).|Small spill: Immediately contact emergency personnel. Stop leak if without risk. Large spill: Immediately contact emergency personnel. Stop leak if without risk.

Precautions for safe handling: Put on appropriate personal protective equipment ... . Contains gas under pressure. Do not get in eyes or on skin or clothing. Avoid breathing gas. Empty containers retain product residue and can be hazardous. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Close valve after each use and when empty. Protect cylinders from physical damage; do not drag, roll, slide, or drop. Use a suitable hand truck for cylinder movement. ... Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.|Appropriate engineering controls: Good general ventilation should be sufficient to control worker exposure to airborne contaminants.|Environmental exposure controls: Emissions from ventilation or work process equipment should be checked to ensure they comply with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In some cases, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels.|Hygiene measures: Wash hands, forearms and face thoroughly after handling chemical products, before eating, smoking and using the lavatory and at the end of the working period. Appropriate techniques should be used to remove potentially contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated clothing before reusing. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are close to the workstation location.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.|/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.|/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 126 GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Heptafluoropropane is included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Heptafluoropropane is included on the dangerous goods list.

... No symptoms of upper respiratory tract irritation.

1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane was not detected in the emissions from a hydroflurocarbon (HFC) packaging plant located in The Netherlands, sampled in 1990(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFC 227) is a colorless gas. It is used in refrigerants, high temperature heat pumps, air-conditioning systems; as a fire suppressant; and for pharmaceutical aerosols and metered-dose inhalers. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Exposure of healthy volunteers to exposure levels up to 8000 ppm HFC 227 did not result in any adverse effects on pulse, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, or lung function. ANIMAL STUDIES: HFC 227 released into the eyes of rabbits did not induce any sign of irritation. Exposure to HFC 227 can induce cardiac sensitization in dogs at concentrations from 100,000 ppm (10% v/v) and higher after an exogenous epinephrine challenge. No deaths occurred when rats and mice were exposed by inhalation once to 300,000 and 500,000 ppm respectively. Signs of CNS depression were observed from 100,000 ppm. When rats and mice were exposed by inhalation to concentrations of 0, 60,000, 120,000 and 240,000 ppm for 2 years at a regimen of 1 hour per day, no increased incidence of benign or malignant neoplasms were observed when compared to controls. In several fertility studies in male and female rats in which animals were exposed for 1 to 6 hours per day to HFC 227 concentrations up to 150,000 ppm, no effects of toxicological significance were observed when measured on the fertility and pregnancy index. Concentrations of up to 150,000 ppm HFC 227 had no embryotoxic nor fetotoxic effects in rats or rabbits. Similar concentrations had no significant effect on the development and behavior of the offspring of exposed rats. HFC 227 was negative in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. HFC 227 was toxic at the highest concentrations tested but not mutagenic in S. typhimurium. Neither toxicity nor mutagenicity was observed in the mouse lymphoma assay.

LC50 Rat inhalation 800,000 ppm/4 hr

There is no natural source for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane(1).

1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane's production and use in refrigerants, high temperature heat pumps, air-conditioning systems, as a fire suppressant, and for pharmaceutical aerosols and metered-dose inhalers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 580(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). However, based on its physical properties, when released into the environment 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to partition almost exclusively into the air(3). Volatilization of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3410 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2016).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 580(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, based on its physical properties, when released into the environment 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to partition almost exclusively into the air(3). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 21(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.51(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2016).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, which has a vapor pressure of 3410 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 to 30 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constants of 1.4X10-15 to 1.8X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec(3-5). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Atmospheric life-times for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane have been reported as 33-41 years(7-11). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane has estimated 20, 100 and 500 year Global Warming Potentials of 4500-5395, 3200-3800 and 1100-1172, respectively(7-11).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 1.4X10-15 to 1.8X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec(1-3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 24 to 30 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(4). Degradation products of this reaction include; carbonyl difluoride and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl fluoride(5). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(6).|Global Warming Potentials (GWP) and atmospheric life-times (ALT) have been calculated and reported for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane by different authors.[Table#7545]

An estimated BCF of 21 was calculated in fish for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.51(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane can be estimated to be 580(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil. However, when released into the environment, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to partition almost exclusively into the air(3).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is estimated as 16 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will occur(SRC). 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3410 mm Hg(3).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, three reporting facilities use 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane in the United States the number of workers potentially exposed is unknown due to confidential business information (CBI)(1).|Occupational exposure to 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane primarily via inhalation when using pharmaceutical aerosols and metered-dose inhalers that contain 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. (SRC)

Oral absorption is rapid but less complete than pulmonary absorption. Skin absorption is insignificant, except in patients with skin breakdown (e.g., burns, ulcers, severe ichthyosis). Increased metabolic rate can lead to greater inhalational absorption as well. Peak blood levels occur soon after inhalation but occur in 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. The chemicals distribute to tissues with high blood flow (e.g., brain, heart, liver, kidney) and then to adipose tissue, where the highest chemical concentrations are typically found. Halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P-450 oxidation. Partial glutathione conjugation may occur. Halogenated solvents can be excreted unchanged through the lungs. Elimination half-lives can be increased because of either prolonged exposure or hepatic dysfunction. Prolonged exposure allows more chemical to be stored in the adipose tissue, which serves as a source of continued release. /Halogenated Hydrocarbons - Halogenated Solvents/|... The safety and pharmacokinetics of HFC 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and HFC 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane) were assessed in two separate double-blind studies. Each HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) was administered via whole-body exposure as a vapor to eight (four male and four female) healthy volunteers. Volunteers were exposed, once weekly for 1 hr, first to air and then to ascending concentrations of HFC (1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 ppm), interspersed with a second air exposure and two CFC 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) exposures (1000 and 4000 ppm). HFC 134a, HFC 227, and CFC 12 blood concentrations increased rapidly and in an exposure-concentration-dependent manner, although not strictly proportionally, and approached steady state. Maximum blood concentrations (C(max)) tended to be higher in males than females; in the HFC 227 study, these were statistically significantly (P < 0. 05) higher in males for each HFC 227 and CFC 12 exposure level. ... In the HFC 227 study, t(1/2)alpha (alpha elimination half-life) for both CFC 12 and HFC 227, at each exposure level, was short (< 9 min) and tended to be lower in males than females. For CFC 12 mean t(1/2)beta (beta elimination half-life) ranged from 23 to 43 min and for HFC 227 the mean range was 19-92 min. The values tended to be lower for females than males for HFC 227. For both CFC 12 and HFC 227, mean residence time (MRT) was statistically significantly lower (P < 0.05) in males than females and independent of exposure concentration. For CFC 12, MRT was a mean of 37 and 45 min for males and females, respectively, and for HFC 227 MRT was a mean of 36 and 42 min, respectively...

The biotransformation of the aerosol propellant 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFA-227) was investigated in rats in vivo and in rat and human liver microsomes. In the urine of rats exposed to 5000 ppm HFA-227 for 6 hr, very small amounts of hexafluoroacetone trihydrate were identified as an HFA-227 metabolite by 19F-NMR. Fluoride concentrations in the urine samples (0-48 hr after the end of the exposure) from exposed animals were not significantly different from those found in samples from nonexposed rats. In rat and human liver microsomes, fluoride and hexafluoroacetone trihydrate formation from HFA-227 was detected in very low levels only in liver microsomes from pyridine-treated rats and in two of eight human liver microsome samples, which exhibited the highest cytochrome P4502E1 activities. Because some aldehydes may covalently bind to proteins and the formation of fluorinated protein adducts has been implicated in immune-mediated hepatitis induced by halothane, the binding of hexafluoroacetone trihydrate to proteins was also investigated. Hexafluoroacetone trihydrate also gave only a very small resonance in fluorine NMR experiments when binding to human serum albumin was studied in comparison with the acylating agent S-ethyltrifluoroacetate. Moreover, no fluorine-containing products were formed by the reaction of hexafluoroacetone trihydrate with N alpha-acetyl-L-lysine, and hexafluoroacetone trihydrate was not metabolized to fluorine-containing metabolites or inorganic fluoride in rats. Comparative studies in human liver microsomes demonstrated that a halothane metabolite may covalently bind to proteins; in contrast, metabolism and covalent binding of HFA-227 could not be demonstrated. In summary, these data indicate that HFA-227 is biotransformed at very low rates to hexafluoroacetone trihydrate but irreversible binding of hexafluoroacetone trihydrate cannot be demonstrated, even with the application of very sensitive methods, and is considered unlikely, based on the combination of the results obtained.

HFA 227 showed a biphasic elimination from the body after exposure (mean T1/2: approx. 6.5 minutes and 44.5 minutes).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ HFC 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and HFC 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane) are used to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerant and aerosol applications, including medical use in metered-dose inhalers. Production and consumption of CFCs are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The safety and pharmacokinetics of HFC 134a and HFC 227 were assessed in two separate double-blind studies. Each HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) was administered via whole-body exposure as a vapor to eight (four male and four female) healthy volunteers. Volunteers were exposed, once weekly for 1 hr, first to air and then to ascending concentrations of HFC (1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 parts per million (ppm)), interspersed with a second air exposure and two CFC 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) exposures (1000 and 4000 ppm). Comparison of either HFC 134a or HFC 227 to CFC 12 or air gave no clinically significant results for any of the measured laboratory parameters. There were no notable adverse events, there was no evidence of effects on the central nervous system, and there were no symptoms of upper respiratory tract irritation. HFC 134a, HFC 227, and CFC 12 blood concentrations increased rapidly and in an exposure-concentration-dependent manner, although not strictly proportionally, and approached steady state. Maximum blood concentrations (C(max)) tended to be higher in males than females; in the HFC 227 study, these were statistically significantly (P < 0. 05) higher in males for each HFC 227 and CFC 12 exposure level. In the HFC 134a study, the gender difference in C(max) was only statistically significant (P < 0.05) for CFC 12 at 4000 ppm and HFC 134a at 8000 ppm. Following the end of exposure, blood concentrations declined rapidly, predominantly biphasically and independent of exposure concentration. For the HFC 134a study, the t(1/2)alpha (alpha elimination half-life) was short for both CFC 12 and HFC 134a (<11 min). The t(1/2)beta (beta elimination half-life) across all exposure concentrations was a mean of 36 and 42 min for CFC 12 and HFC 134a, respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) was an overall mean of 42 and 44 min for CFC 12 and HFC 134a, respectively. In the HFC 227 study, t(1/2)alpha for both CFC 12 and HFC 227, at each exposure level, was short (<9 min) and tended to be lower in males than females. For CFC 12 mean t(1/2)beta ranged from 23 to 43 min and for HFC 227 the mean range was 19-92 min. The values tended to be lower for females than males for HFC 227. For both CFC 12 and HFC 227, MRT was statistically significantly lower (P < 0.05) in males than females and independent of exposure concentration. For CFC 12, MRT was a mean of 37 and 45 min for males and females, respectively, and for HFC 227 MRT was a mean of 36 and 42 min, respectively. Exposure of healthy volunteers to exposure levels up to 8000 ppm HFC 134a, 8000 ppm HFC 227, and 4000 ppm CFC 12 did not result in any adverse effects on pulse, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, or lung function.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The present study was conducted to describe and compare the in vivo performance (systemic exposure), clinical and laboratory safety of a fixed combinational product of inhaled reproterol (CAS 54063-54-6) plus disodium cromoglycate (DSCG; CAS 15826-37-6) using a novel freon (CFC)-free metered dose inhaler (MDI), which uses 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFA-227; CAS 431-89-0) as propellant and polyoxyethylene glyceryl trioleate (Tagat TO; CAS 68958-64-5) as surfactant relative to the conventional freon-driven MDI Allergospasmin in healthy male and female volunteers. Twenty-four young male and female healthy subjects were randomly allocated in gender-balanced fashion to 4 parallel treatment groups with single and repeated dosing of either reproterol + DSCG by HFA- or CFC-MDI (each time N = 8) or placebo by HFA- or CFC-MDI (each time N = 4) using matched placebo devices thus allowing a double-blind (with regard to placebo) approach. Treatments consisted of a single morning dose of 2 actuations followed 4 days later by a 1 week treatment course of 2 actuations four times daily. Subjects were investigated extensively in terms of blood pressure, pulse rate, electrocardiography, spirometry, respiratory rate, body temperature, laboratory safety (hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis) and clinical well-being. There were no treatment, compound or device related effects for any of the tolerability and safety end points. The treatments were well tolerated. In particular, there was no irritative cough or any sign of broncho-irritation on application. Adverse events were reported in a total of 9 subjects: 3/8, 4/8, 0/4 and 2/4 subjects treated with reproterol + DSCG by HFA-MDI, reproterol + DSCG by CFC-MDI, placebo by HFA-MDI and placebo by CFC-MDI, respectively. Of these, 6 events in 6 subjects receiving the active treatments were considered probably or definitely related to the test drug administration (i.e. adverse drug reactions): after reproterol + DSCG one subject in each treatment group (HFA-MDI and CFC-MDI) complained of an unpleasant bitter taste immediately after application; one further subject in each group complained of headache. Under treatment with reproterol + DSCG by CFC-MDI one male subject complained of mild transient nausea with onset on day 5. Under treatment with reproterol + DSCG by HFA-MDI one female subject complained of mild dizziness and mildly disturbed (blurred) vision with onset on day 1. All adverse events occurred only transitory and required no treatment. Systemic exposure, evaluated by the plasma concentrations of DSCG at 1 hr after application, was slightly higher with the HFA-MDI compared to the CFC-MDI. It is concluded that the safety, tolerability and in vivo performance of the newly developed freon-free MDI is at least as well tolerable as the already marketed freon-driven conventional formulation.

1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane

Solkane 227 Pharma (Solvay)

Industrial gas manufacturing|Propane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-: ACTIVE|PMN - indicates a commenced PMN (Pre-Manufacture Notices) substance.|The phase-out of production of Halons on December 31, 1993, resulted from the regulation of Halon 1301 under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete Stratospheric Ozone [6]. As a result, research and development across the world lead to the development of over 12 commercialized clean agent alternatives to Halon 1301. ... Clean fire suppression agents are defined as those agents that vaporize readily and leave no residue. Hydrocarbon clean agents, based on the characteristics of the agents, extinguish fires by interrupting the chemical chain reaction of fire, and through extracting heat from the flame of a fire, reducing flame temperature leading to extinguishment of the flame. Heptafluoropropane (Trade Name: FM 200; Designation: HFC227ea) /is a Halon replacement/.|There is only one other isomer, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptfluoropropane (HFC 227 ca).|Great Lakes Chemical Company, in a joint venture with INEOS Fluor, has agreed to produce a pharmaceutical grade 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) as aerosol propellant for an asthma inhalation drug.

Gas chromatographic method for determining fluorocarbons in air is described. Concn in air are determined directly. /Fluorocarbons/|A gas chromatographic procedure for determining atmospheric levels of fluorocarbons is described. Column is temp programmed to separate halogenated components while maintaining short retention times for each component. Freon 113 incl. /Fluorocarbons/

Gas chromatography with electron capture analysis of the blood headspace can be used to determine the concentration of halogenated solvents in biological samples. /Halogenated Hydrocarbons-Halogenated Solvents/