Hydrazine, phenyl-

108.14

108.14

606080

202-873-5

064F424C9K

0938

2572

DTXSID8021147

Monoclinic prisms or oil|Colorless to pale yellow liquid or solid (below 67 degrees F).

2928 00 90

38

1.25

White to slightly blue or light beige Powder

1.0978 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

19.5 °C

71.8 °C @ Press: 1 Torr

192 °F

n 20/D 1.607(lit.)

H2O: 145 g/L (20 ºC);soluble in dilute acids.

Store at RT.

<0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

4.3 (vs air)

Oral-Rat  LD50: 188 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse  LD50: 175 mg/kg

Open flame is flammable; heat releases toxic nitrogen compound gas

1.1%(V)

Faint, aromatic odor.

Henry's Law constant = 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C /Estimated/

Weak base, pK= 5.21 at 15 deg

Conversion factors: 1 mg/l= 226 ppm; 1 ppm= 4.4 mg/cu m|Turns yellow to dark red on exposure to air and light. ...Forms a hemihydrate.|Dielectric constant: 7.2 @ 21 °C; dipole moment: 1.67 @ 25 °C|Heat of fusion 36.31 cal/g|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

When exposed to air becomes red-brown. Slightly denser than water and slightly soluble in water.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

PHENYLHYDRAZINE may ignite spontaneously when in contact with oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid, oxides of iron or copper, or manganese, lead, copper or their alloys. Will not polymerize (USCG, 1999).

345 °F (USCG, 1999)|345 °F (173 °C)|174 °C

-875.4 kcal/g mol wt at 20 °C (solid)

7.64 eV

Class IIIA Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 140°F and below 200°F. Combustible Solid

13,711.9 kcal/g mole

II

6.1

UN 2572 6.1/PG 2

3

45-23/24/25-36/38-43-48/23/24/25-50-68

53-45-61

MV8925000

T,N

The warehouse is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants, acids and food additives

Stable, but may decompose in sunlight. May be air or light sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, metal oxides.

P201-P261-P273-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H301-H311-H315-H317-H319-H331-H341-H350-H372-H400

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Strong oxidizers, lead dioxide.|Lead dioxide reacts instantly & vigorously with phenylhydrazine.|Interaction, in presence of diluent below 0 °C, with isopropylamine or isobutylamine caused separation of explosive liquids, and with ... phenylhydrazine and 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, explosive solids.|The oxide /2-phenylhydrazone oxide/ reacts violently after warming for a few min with phenylhydrazine.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

International Programme on Chemical Safety's Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents. Available from http://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html Number 19: Phenyl hydrazine as of April 16, 2004.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors and toxic gases, such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, may be formed when involved in fire. Behavior in Fire: May ignite spontaneously when spread on a large surface or when in air and in contact with porous materials such as soil, asbestos, wood, or cloth. (USCG, 1999)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 88 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Danger|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 121 companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P272, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P310, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)|Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Workers should wear special protective clothing of which sufficiently long, tight fitting gloves are especially important.|... Rubber gloves; goggles. /phenylhydrazine hydrochloride/|...Vinyl coated hand protection, natural or reclaimed rubber protection, rubber aprons, and plastic eye and face protection... used when working with small quantities. Where possibility of gross splashing exists, full protective clothing made of rubber, neoprene or vinyl-coated materials should be worn. For respiratory protection in situations where recommended tolerance limits... exceeded, respiratory protective equipment... must be used. /Hydrazine and derivatives/|All systems or equipment containing the hydrazines shall be designed to minimize the possibility of vapor or aerosol inhalation, skin or eye contact, and spill or leaks; such as full face shields, goggles, and full body protection clothing, including gloves and boots.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.1-?

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|... Should be used only in well ventilated premises and cumulative action of repeated small doses should be avoided.|Inhalation of salt dusts should be avoided. /Hydrazine & derivatives/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 ppm (22 mg/cu m). Skin Designation.|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/cu m); STEL 10 ppm (45 mg/cu m), skin designation, is still enforced in some states.

NIOSH considers phenylhydrazine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.|Recommended Exposure Limit: 2 Hr Ceiling value: 0.14 ppm (0.6 mg/cu m), skin.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. If liquid: collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. If solid: sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in haemolysis. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in anaemia. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

NO open flames. Above 88 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

highly toxic

IDENTIFICATION: Phenylhydrazine exists as yellow to brown crystals or as a yellowish oily liquid. This chemical is used world wide mainly as a chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The number of persons potentially exposed to phenylhydrazine or its hydrochloride salt is unknown, but is expected to be small. No personal exposure data were available. There is evidence that phenylhydrazine has skin sensitizing properties in humans. There are no adequate data available regarding the reproductive or developmental effects, hence, it is not possible to evaluate the risk to human health for these endpoints. The level of risk in occupational settings is uncertain; as a result, there is a continuing requirement to reduce exposure levels with the technology currently available. The lack of available data to serve as a basis for estimation of indirect exposure of individuals to phenylhydrazine from the general environment precludes the characterization of potential cancer risks for the general population. ANIMAL/PLANT STUDIES: The limited data on the toxicokinetics indicate that phenylhydrazine is well absorbed by inhalation, oral and dermal routes and binds readily with hemoglobin in red blood cells. Metabolism seems to occur via ring hydroxylation and conjugation, probably with glucuronic acid. Excretion is primarily via the urine. Phenylhydrazine is toxic by single exposure via the oral route (LD50 80-188 mg/kg body weight) and is expected to be toxic by inhalation and dermal routes (data from these routes are less clear). Phenylhydrazine has potential for skin and eye irritation. Exposure to this chemical may cause damage to red blood cells, potentially resulting in anemia and consequential secondary involvement of other tissues such as the spleen and liver. Phenylhydrazine is mutagenic in vitro, and there is some evidence to indicate that it may express genotoxic activity in vivo. The substance is clearly carcinogenic in mice following oral dosing, inducing tumors of the vascular system. Phenylhydrazine is readily biodegradable. Phenylhydrazine is toxic to aquatic organisms, with the lowest reported no observed effect concentration (NOEC) in standard acute fish tests at 0.01 mg/l; fish are generally more sensitive than either daphnids or bacteria. A NOEC of 0.49 ug/l has been reported for embryo larval stages of the zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio).

Erythrocytes (RBC) from phenylhydrazine treated mice are protective when injected into syngenic mice before x-ray irradiation. Evidence suggested that repair of hemopoietic stem cells was enhanced in mice injected with phenylhydrazine red blood cells before x-ray irradiation.|The protective effect of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHCL) against acute deaths resulting from whole body irradiation was examined in mice. Male (C3H/C57Bl)F1 mice received sc 1 mg PHCL in 0.1 mL water for 3 days. Controls received injections of water. Mice were injected ip with (59)iron as citrate 1 to 10 days after 3rd PHCL injection. Some mice were exposed to 800 roentgens at various intervals after 3rd injection. During the 1st five days, PHCL caused increases in spleen wt and (59)iron uptake in erthyrocytes and spleen, but a reduction in (59)iron uptake in femurs. All values returned to those of controls by 10 days after 3rd injection. Thirty-day survival of water injected control was 10%. Pretreatment with PHCL improved 30-day survival to almost 100% when mice were irradiated between 4 and 8 days after 3rd injection. Apparently the improved survival resulted from an increase in the number of hemopoietic stem cells at time of irradiation. /Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride/|The peroxidation induced by phenylhydrazine in rats chronically exposed to lead was evaluated. Wistar-rats were exposed to lead in-utero and up to four months after birth via administration of distilled drinking water containing ...lead-acetate. The animals were then maintained in a closed desiccator system for analysis of exhaled hydrocarbons before or immediately after injection of phenylhydrazine. The effect of chronic lead pretreatment was assessed by measuring the production of the four main volatile hydrocarbons: ethane and pentane as indices of lipid peroxidation; propane as a marker of protein peroxidation; and ethylene as an index of both lipid and protein peroxidations. Lead alone did not increase the physiological formation of alkanes. After phenylhydrazine injection, lipid peroxidation markers were not modified except for pentane in male lead treated rats. Ethylene and propane exhalation, on the other hand, were increased 45 minutes after phenylhydrazine injection in lead treated rats, indicating lead induced potentiation of the oxidative effect of phenylhydrazine.

LD50 Rat oral 188 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 175 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 80 mg/kg|LD50 Dog oral 200-250 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicities of hydrazine and phenylhydrazine to embryos and larvae of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, were studied under standardized conditions. Exposures to the chemicals started at the blastula stage and the effect on hatching and survival were monitored for 15 days. The results showed that toxicities of phenylhydrazine to both embryos and larvae were more than those of hydrazine. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration for hatching was 0.049 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.0078 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, the Lowest Observed Effects Concentration for survival of larvae was 0.0035 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.00098 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, respectively. The No Observed Effect Concentration for hatching was 0.0245 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.0039 mg/L for phenylhydrazine and the No Observed Effect Concentration for survival of larvae was 0.00175 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.00049 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, respectively.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a study on the goldfish (Carassius auratus), 40% of fish died when exposed to phenylhydrazine at a nominal concentration of 1 mg/L for 48 h. Signs of toxicity included erratic swimming, sinking to the bottom of the test tank, and slowed and erratic respiration. No gross lesions were found following dissection, although all viscera showed focal hemorrhaging.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Effects on blood cells and the hematopoietic system, comparable to those found in mammals, were seen in fish injected with phenylhydrazine. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) juveniles were injected with 12.5 mg phenylhydrazine/kg body weight. Red cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit fell to 1-5% of their normal values within 10 days of treatment; a slight improvement was reported 15 days following injection, and values had returned to normal 95 days after treatment.

It is essential that alcoholics or persons suffering from liver ailments or blood disorders are ... /protected/ from work with phenylhydrazine.|Individuals with G6PD /glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/ deficiency have ... been found to be more susceptible to hemolytic effects of ... /phenylhydrazine than those who do not have a deficiency/.|Biological half-lives were significantly different among the three acetylation phenotypes (analysis of variance, P < 0.05): 3.94+/-1.70 hours for slow acetylators, 2.25+/-0.37 hours for intermediate acetylators, and 1.86+/-0.67 hours for rapid acetylators. /Hydrazine/

Phenylhydrazine's production and use in the manufacture of dyes, antipyrine, nitron (a stabilizer for explosives)(1) and pharmaceuticals(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 110(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.25(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that phenylhydrazine will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Phenylhydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.21(4), suggesting it will partially exist as a cation in moist soil, and the cationic form may adsorb to soil more than the free base(SRC). Phenylhydrazine is not expected to volatilize from moist soil surfaces(SRC)because cations do not volatilize and the Henry's Law constant of the free base is estimated as 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.026 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1.27X10+5 mg/L(6). In the Zahn-Wellens aqueous screening test, 85% of this compound was biodegraded in 9-13 days(7). Phenylhydrazine may be susceptible to photolysis upon exposure to sunlight on soil surfaces as it strongly absorbs UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths >290 nm)(8).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 110(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.25(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that phenylhydrazine should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Phenylhydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.21(4), suggesting it will partially exist as a cation in water, and the cationic form may adsorb to sediment more than the free base(SRC). Phenylhydrazine is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3)because cations do not volatilize and the Henry's Law constant of the free base is estimated as 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.026 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1.27X10+5 mg/L(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF value of 2(SRC), from a measured log Kow(2) and regression derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, phenylhydrazine may biodegrade under aerobic conditions in natural water environments(SRC). In the Zahn-Wellens aqueous screening test, 85% of this compound was biodegraded in 9-13 days(9). Phenylhydrazine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis as it lacks hydrolyzable functional groups, but may be susceptible to photolysis upon exposure to sunlight in natural waters because it strongly absorbs UV light in the environmental UV spectrum (wavelengths >290 nm)(10).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phenylhydrazine, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.026 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phenylhydrazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) estimated with a structure estimation method(3).

Phenylhydrazine in methanol solution strongly absorbs light in the environmental UV range(wavelengths >290 nm)(1). This suggests that phenylhydrazine may be susceptible to photolysis upon exposure to sunlight(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phenylhydrazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Phenylhydrazine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in water since it does not contain functional groups that hydrolyze readily under environmental conditions(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 2 was calculated for phenylhydrazine(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.25(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of phenylhydrazine is estimated as approximately 110(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.25(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that phenylhydrazine has high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of phenylhydrazine has been reported as 5.21(4), suggesting this compound exists as a cation in moist soils, and cations tend to adsorb more to soils than neutral compounds(5).

Phenylhydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.21(1), which suggests this compound exists partially as a cation in the moist soil and water(SRC). The Henry's Law constant for the free base of phenylhydrazine is estimated as 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.026 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.27X10+5 mg/L(3). Based upon the estimated Henry's Law constant of the free base and the fact that cations do not volatilize, phenylhydrazine will be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(4). Phenylhydrazine's vapor pressure(2) indicates that volatilization from dry surfaces should not be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 212 workers (19 of these are female) are exposed to phenylhydrazine in the USA(1). Potential for occupational exposure exists during manufacture, transport, and handling of this compound and during its use in the manufacture of dyes, antipyrine, and nitron (stabilizer for explosive) and use as a reagent in analytical chemistry(2).

Phenylhydrazine has been used clinically to treat polycythemia vera. However, because of its toxicity and other more effective therapy, it is no longer used clinically.

Experience in effects of phenylhydrazine in man... obtained from use of hydrochloride in treatment of polycythemia vera... undesirable side effects noted were jaundice, anorexia, nausea, dermatitis, and vascular thromboses. /Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride/

Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION). (See all compounds classified as Oxidants.)

Evidence from toxicokinetic and toxicity studies and from human experience indicates that phenylhydrazine is well absorbed by the inhalation, oral, and dermal routes in animals and humans.|In rabbits, 30-60% of an oral dose of phenylhydrazine was excreted in the urine in 48 hr and (40-60% in 4 days). 5-10% of the radioactivity was found in erythrocytes 4 days postdosing.

In rabbits, ...urinary metabolites, p-hydroxyphenylhydrazine and the phenylhydrazines of pyruvic and oxoglutaric acid, were excreted for 10 days following /oral/ dosing.|Phenylhydrazine is extensively metabolized following oral administration, although the complete metabolic pathway has not been characterized. The main reactions identified in this study were hydroxylation of the aromatic ring to p-hydroxyphenylhydrazine, followed by conjugation, probably with glucuronic acid, and production of phenylhydrazones, by reaction with natural keto acids.|Evidence from a number of studies in vitro and in vivo suggests that phenylhydrazine interacts with hemoglobin and cytochrome P-450 in an oxidation reaction, resulting in the generation of destructive free radicals, which are responsible for subsequent hemolysis.

Superoxide anion was unimportant in phenylhydrazine induced hemolysis and destruction of human oxyhemoglobin. Phenyldiazene, presumably produced by 2-electron oxidation of phenylhydrazine by oxyhemoglobin, hemolyzed red cells rapidly and converted oxyhemoglobin into methemoglobin, hemichromes, and other hemoglobin breakdown products. Induction of hemolysis by phenyldiazene requires the presence of oxygen. The hemolysis produced in presence of phenyldiazene and oxygen was related to lipid peroxidation. It is concluded that the active hemolytic agent produced by phenylhydrazine in red cells is a phenyldiazene-derived free radical produced by reaction of phenyldiazene with oxygen, and is most probably the phenyl free radical.|The enzyme systems in rat liver and lung responsible for the oxidative metabolism of hydrazine derivatives were studied to determine whether these enzymes, cytochrome p450 and monoamine oxidase, were responsible for metabolically activating hydrazines to carcinogenic/toxic metabolites. Cytochrome p450 preferentially oxidized the nitrogen to nitrogen bond of 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines and hydrazides, while monoamine oxidase oxidized the nitrogen to nitrogen bond of all the classes of hydrazine derivatives that were tested. Oxidation of the nitrogen to nitrogen bond led to the formation of stable azo intemediates in the case of 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines and to unstable monoazo (diazene) metabolites in the case of monosubstituted hydrazines and hydrazides. /Substituted hydrazines/|The mechanism of action has been postulated to include indirect alkylation of DNA, an observation which is also closely connected to the toxic endpoint.|Iron transfer from duodenum to blood was increased significantly /in rats/ 5 days after treatment with phenylhydrazine. Autoradiography showed that most brush border iron uptake occurred at the upper villus region and the maximal rate was increased fourfold by phenylhydrazine; Duodenal villus length was increased in phenylhydrazine-treated rats. Phenylhydrazine treatment did not influence mucosal reducing activity but Vm, measured using duodenal sheets, increased from -50 to -57 mV (p<0.001) and this was due to a reduced brush border sodium permeability. Thus, an expanded absorptive surface and an enhanced electrical driving force for iron uptake across the duodenal brush border are important adaptations for increased iron absorption in phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia.|Inhibition of electron transport system by phenylhydrazine was studied with mitochondria and submitochondrial particles of rat liver and beef heart. The inhibition of the electron transport system required oxygen and depended on temperature and occurred at a site between cytochrome b and cytochrome c1.

Material is corrosive to tissue. Exposure can cause vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, and irritation and itchiness of the eyes and skin. (USCG, 1999)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Specific treatment for exposure consists of thorough washing of all exposed skin areas with soap and water, copious irrigation of the eyes, and prompt removal of the patient from the source of exposure. /Hydrazines/|After inhalation, observation for progressive respiratory distress is necessary. Chest X-ray and arterial blood gases should be monitored. Administration of oxygen, intubation, and assisted ventilation may become necessary. Pneumonia and bronchitis need to be excluded. /Hydrazines/|Pyridoxine may be antidotal. Seizures should be controlled with diazepam, phenytoin, or phenobarbital. Blood sugar levels should be monitored for severe hypoglycemia, which may appear with or without preceding significant hyperglycemia. The patient should be observed for evidence of intravascular hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, and consequent deterioration of renal function. Patients who are symptomatic or who demonstrate a methemoglobin level greater than 30 per cent should be treated with methylene blue 1 to 2 mg per kg slowly IV every 4 hours as needed. Improvement is dramatic if diagnosis is correct. Liver function should be monitored because hydrazines are known hepatotoxins. /Hydrazines/|Elimination is enhanced by forced diuresis and acidification of the urine. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis should be effective, but insufficient human data exist on the use of these modalities. Treatment is otherwise symptomatic and supportive. /Hydrazines/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Effects of phenylhydrazine... obtained from use of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride for therapy. The conditions observed including hemolytic anemia, with hyperbilirubinemia and urobilinuria, and appearance of Heinz bodies; liver damage with hepatomegaly, icterus and very dark urine containing phenols; sometimes signs of kidney manifestations occurred. Hematological effects including cyanosis, hemolytic anemia sometimes with methemoglobinemia and leukocytosis. Among the more general symptoms were fatigue, giddiness, diarrhea, and lowering of blood pressure. /Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes CNS effects. /from table/|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ...Many cases of contact dermatitis have been reported in industrial employees, lab workers, and patients. It is apparent that phenylhydrazine is potent skin sensitizer that will produce eczematous dermatitis with redness, swelling, and vesiculation in high proportion of individuals who have repeated skin contact.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ In several instances of occupational exposure by both dermal and inhalation routes, hemolytic anemia was observed. Dermatitis and skin hypersensitivity have also occurred in the absence of other toxic effects.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

phenylhydrazide

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Skin sensitization, hemolytic anemia, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), cyanosis; jaundice; kidney damage; vascular thrombosis; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Cough. Sore throat. Weakness. Dizziness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Blood, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, skin

Grades: Commercial, CP, reagent

Hydrazine, phenyl-: ACTIVE

NIOSH 248: Matrix: air; analyte: phenylhydrazine; procedure: Adsorption on sulfuric acid coated silica gel, elution with water, reaction with 2-furaldehyde, extraction with ethyl acetate, gas chromatography/flame ionization detection; Range: 0.5-2100 ug/sample; Interferences: Any cmpd which has nearly the same retention time on the gas chromatography column as /cmpd/ ... is an interferent.|NIOSH S160: MATRIX: AIR; ANALYTE: PHENYLHYDRAZINE; PROCEDURE: COLLECTED IN STD MIDGET BUBBLER (1N HYDROCHLORIC ACID); REACT WITH PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC ACID TO FORM A BLUISH GREEN COLORED COMPLEX; ABSORPTION AT 730 NM; RANGE: 10.37-44.9 MG/CU M; PRECISION: 0.060. INTERFERENCES: ANY HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVE ... OTHER REDUCING AGENTS SUCH AS FERROUS SALTS MAY ALSO INTERFERE. ALDEHYDES & KETONES IN THE AIR MAY INTERFERE ...|Phenylhydrazine can be determined in air by collection in cyclohexane, followed by measurement of absorption in ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 272 or 278 nm.|Method: NIOSH 3518, Issue 2; Procedure: visible absorption spectrophotometry; Analyte: phenylhydrazine; Matrix: air; Estimated Level of Detection: 0.2 mg/sample.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree