Sodium bisulfite

104.061

103.954

231-548-0

TZX5469Z6I

1134

3260|2693

DTXSID8034902

White crystal or crystalline powder|GRANULAR POWDER

2832200000

79.57

0.2042

White powder

1.48 g/cm³

150 °C

Decomposes

1.43 - 1.47

H2O: 300 g/L

Treasury ventilation low temperature drying

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 2.4

LD50 i.v. in rats: 115 mg/kg (Hoppe, Goble)

Noncombustible Solid

Slight sulfurous odor

Disagreeable taste

Water soluble.

Sulfite and Thiosulfate Salts

Strong Reducing Agent

SODIUM BISULFITE is a reducing agent. Emits highly toxic gaseous sulfur dioxide gas when heated to decomposition or on contact with mineral acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 2949].

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

Noncombustible Solid

UN 2693

1

R22; R31

S26-S39-S46-S25

UX8225000

Xn

Separated from acids, strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.

P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310

H302-H318

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

BISULFITE OF COMMERCE CONSISTS CHIEFLY OF SODIUM METABISULFITE, INCOMPATIBLE WITH ACIDS, OXIDIZERS.|Heat (decomposes) (Note: Slowly oxidized to the sulfate on exposure to air).

Sodium bisulfite is generally recognized as safe when used as a chemical preservative in accordance with good manufacturing practice, except that it is not used in meats; in food recognized as a source of vitamin B1; on fruits or vegetables intended to be served raw to consumers or sold raw to consumers, or to be presented to the consumer as fresh.|Sodium bisulfite is generally recognized as safe when used as a chemical preservative in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice, except that it is not used in meats or in food recognized as source of vitamin B1.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with acids or oxidants.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|H302 (99.94%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1544 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Danger|P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P310, P330, and P501|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P304+P341, P312, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)|In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See protection codes)

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Bisulfites, aqueous solution, NOS; Bisulfites, inorganic, aqueous solution, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Bisulfites, aqueous solution, NOS; Bisulfites, inorganic, aqueous solution, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Bisulfites, aqueous solution, NOS; Bisulfites, inorganic, aqueous solution, NOS/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Bisulfites, aqueous solution, NOS; Bisulfites, inorganic, aqueous solution, NOS/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM BISULFITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Concentrated solutions are irritating to skin, mucous membranes.|It is irritating to the eyes, skin, & mucous membranes.

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m.

Personal protection: filter respirator for acid gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from acids, strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached.

The substance is irritating to the skin, eyes, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Exposure could cause asthma-like reactions or urticaria in sensitive persons.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma-like symptoms. The substance may have effects on the skin.

NO contact with acids or strong oxidizing agents. NO contact with incompatible materials: See Chemical Dangers

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

ANTIOXIDANT SODIUM BISULFITE HAS ABILITY TO INCR OR INHIBIT MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE &/OR THAT OF N-ACETOXY-2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE.|When young rats were fed 50 mmol sodium bisulfite/kg/day for 3 wk, anemia, incr spleen weight & incr leukocyte counts were observed. Feeding sulfite for 8 weeks was assoc with reduced bw gain & food consumption. These effects were not ... due to the systemic toxicity of sulfite per se but were due to detrimental interaction of sulfite with cyanocobalamine & other constituents in the feed.

LD50 Rat oral 2 g/kg|LD50 Rat iv 115 mg/kg|LD50 MOUSE IV 130 MG/KG|LD50 RABBIT IV 0.67 MG/KG/8 HR FOR 5 DAYS A WK FOR 3 WEEKS|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM BISULFITE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Release of sodium bisulfite from the paper industry in Canada is reviewed. The principal sources of pollution are the wood preparation rooms, losses from the bleaching rooms, and cooking liquors from the chemical pulp process. There are also accidental losses from diverse operations such as the recuperation of the bleaching or cooking liquors.

Mutagens; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antioxidants|DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)|Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. (See all compounds classified as Antioxidants.)|Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. (See all compounds classified as Mutagens.)

EIGHTY TO 90% OF AN INTRAPERITONEAL DOSE IN RATS CAN BE ACCOUNTED FOR AS URINARY SULFATE IN 4 HR.|Approx 50% of the ingested bisulfite is absorbed from rat gut.|Bisulfite is oxidized in vivo to sulfate, principally by hepatic sulfite oxidase, with lesser amounts metabolized by the kidneys, intestines, heart, & lungs. Some 70 to 95% of the radioactivity assoc with a 50 mg/kg oral bisulfite dose appeared in rodent & monkey urine within 3 days as sulfate. Only a small fraction (8-10%) of the absorbed bisulfite was eliminated intact.

Bisulfite is oxidized in vivo to sulfate, principally by hepatic sulfite oxidase, with lesser amounts metabolized by the kidneys, intestines, heart, & lungs.|Rat liver contains 10 to 20 times more sulphite oxidase activity than does human liver.

Sodium bisulfite is a mutagen that can specifically deaminate more than 96% of the cytosine residues in single-stranded DNA via formation of a 5,6-dihydrocytosine-6-sulfonate intermediate.|Bisulfite concn of 100 mM caused nearly complete inhibition of dNTP incorporation in calf thymus DNA. Preincubation of the various DNA synthesis assay components in 100 mM bisulfite showed that only preincubation of DNA polymerase I caused inhibition of DNA synthesis. There was a 7.5-fold decrease in the fidelity of DNA synthesis. It is hypothesized that sulfitolysis of the one disulfide group in DNA polymerase I by bisulfite might be responsible for reduced polymerase activity and accuracy. Effects of bisulfite on mutation frequency might be mediated by effects on the fidelity of DNA repair systems.

Powder is irritating to eyes, nose, and throat and can irritate skin. Ingestion may cause irritation of stomach. Very large doses cause violent colic, diarrhea, depression, and death. (USCG, 1999)|Corrosives

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 m1/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

Dermatitis resulting from exposure of restaurant workers to preservatives in meat.|A case of an 18 yr old asthmatic patient in whom wheezing and anaphylactoid symptoms developed after the admin of isoetharine hydrochloride and metoclopramide hydrochloride, both containing bisulfites as preservatives. It was shown that these hypersensitivity reactions resulted from sodium bisulfite and sodium metabisulfite, used in soln of one and two, respectively. /SRP: Asthma-like symptoms are thought to be caused by a genetic lack of sulfite oxidase./|MEDICAL REPORTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURES HAVE SHOWN MILD EYE & RESP RESPONSES.|A case of hypersensitivity to sodium bisulfite associated with Normosol-M with dextrose intravenous injection is presented in a 48 yr old woman with acute pancreatitis who received Normosol-M with dextrose, 100 ml/hr for approx 5 days and developed an erythematous pruritic skin rash with angioedema which resolved when Normosol-M with dextrose was stopped and recurred when she was restarted on Normosol-M with dextrose, 125 ml/hr. It was concluded that because sulfites are found in many foods and drugs, many patients may actually have a sulfite sensitivity rather than a food or drug allergy.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM BISULFITE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

sodium bisulfite

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane

Cough. Shortness of breath. Wheezing.

Redness.

Redness.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

80% FOR SULFITE PULPING; 5% IN WATER TREATMENT; 5% FOR PHOTOGRAPHY; 10% FOR MISC USES INCLUDING BLEACH FOR WOOL, SILK AND STRAW, FOOD PRESERVATIVE, RAW MATERIAL, DISCOLORATION PREVENTATIVE, & ANTICHLOR TO NEUTRALIZE HYPOCHLORITE OR CHLORINE AFTER BLEACHING (1967)

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 078201; Trade Names: FR-62.|Grades: crystals; pure dry; commercial dry; reagent; commercial soln 35 deg be; powder (67% sulfur dioxide); CP /chemically pure: a grade designation signifying a minimum of impurities, but not 100% purity/; USP /United States pharmacopeia/; FCC /food chemicals codex/.|/Available as/ 38% & 43% solutions; technical, food, photo, reagent and anhydrous grades.|/SODIUM/ BISULFITE OF COMMERCE CONSISTS CHIEFLY OF SODIUM METABISULFITE.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Sulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|VET /USED/ IN PROMOTING LACTIC ACID PRODUCING BACTERIA & INHIBITING PROTEIN SPLITTING BACTERIA ON SILAGE. COMMERCIAL GRADES FOR THIS USE OFTEN CONTAINED SODIUM METABISULFITE, & THIS IS NO LONGER GENERALLY REGARDED AS SAFE FEED ADDITIVE. FOUND IN ... SOME TOPICAL PREPN. ... INCL WITH LOCAL ANESTHETICS ... LOWER THEIR EFFECTIVENESS.|Potentially useful utility of bisulfite as a means of detoxification of alfatoxin-contaminated commodities.

GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SODIUM BISULFITE IN COMPLEX MATRICES.|Spectrophotometric detn of sodium bisulfite in parenteral admixtures was attempted by use of spectral changes due to complexation with pyridoxal phosphate. By applying the complementary tristimulus method with consideration of stability const, the exact concn of each chem species in the soln could be estd accurately. When this method was applied to Primperan injection, the sodium bisulfite content was detd rapidly. The relative std deviation in this detn was 1.92%.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives|Health Hazards -> Corrosives|Cosmetics -> Preservative

Food Additives -> ANTIOXIDANT; PRESERVATIVE;