2-Ethylhexanal

128.21

128.21

1700556

204-596-5

0621

42871

1191

DTXSID9025291

Colorless high-boiling liquid

29121990

17.1

3.07

Clear colorless Liquid

0.8540 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

<-100 °C

163 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

108 °F

n 20/D 1.415(lit.)

Slightly soluble in water.

Flammables area

Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: 200

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.5

Oral-rat LD50: 3730 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 3550 mg/kg

Flammable; spontaneous combustion in the air; thermal decomposition emits spicy irritating smoke

1.0-6.6%(V)

Mild odor

Liquid molar volume = 0.156518 cu m/kmol|IG Heat of Formation = -2.996X10+8 J/kmol|Heat Capacity = 1.9391 J/g-K at 25 °C|Henry's Law constant = 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C /Estimated via measured water solubility (400 mg/L) and vapor pressure (2 mm Hg)/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Spontaneously flammable in air. [Steele and Dugan, Chem. Eng. 66:160(1960)]. Insoluble in water.

Aldehydes

Highly Flammable

2-ETHYLHEXALDEHYDE is an aldehyde. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation.

2-Ethylhexanal|D: Other compounds that may form peroxides|Kelly|Ignighted with extended contact with air. See Bretherick's.|Steele, A. B. et al., Chem. Engrg., 1969, 66, 160

387 °F (USCG, 1999)|190 °C; 375 °F|180 °C

Lower flammable limit: 0.85% by volume @ 93 °C (200 °F); Upper flammable limit: 7.2% by volume @135 °C (275 °F)

The vapour is heavier than air.

38.73 kJ/mol at normal boiling point

Critical temperature: 607 deg K (est); critical pressure2.58X10+6 Pa (est)

III

3

UN 1191 3/PG 3

1

10-36/37/38-43-38-63

26-36-36/37

MN7525000

Xi,Xn

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from oxidant

Steam and air can be explosive when mixed

P280

H226-H317-H361

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Forms explosive mixture with air. Violent reaction with oxidizers. Incompatible with strong acids, caustics, ammonia, amines.|The aldehyde ignited in air. This is typical of mid-range aldehydes if sorbed on paper or cloth which increases surface exposure, ignition occurring within 2 hours.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable. Above 46 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Warning|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P272, P280, P281, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1801 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Rubber gloves; safety goggles or face shield (USCG, 1999)

Dangerous fire hazard; spontaneously flammable in air.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 0.85-7.2

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide or foam extinguishers.

Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire.

Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep ethyl hexaldehyde out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion ...

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Ethylhexaldehydes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Ethylhexaldehydes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Ethylhexaldehydes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Ethylhexaldehydes/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-ETHYLHEXALDEHYDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Skin or eye contact can cause severe irritation or burns. The vapors can irritate the eyes, throat and bronchial tubes ...

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.

Fireproof. Separated from acids, bases and oxidants. Cool. Well closed.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. The vapour is irritating to the respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with hot surfaces. Above 46 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

SOURCE DOMINATED: 2-Ethylhexaldehyde was qualitatively detected in ambient air samples collected in an industrial area in Mumbai, India in 2004(1).

The average emission rate of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from particle board with glued on carpet was measured as 0.073 mg/sq m-hour(1).

moderately toxic

LD50 Mouse ip 256 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat ip 500 mg/kg bw|LD50 Guinea pig dermal >20000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rabbit dermal 646.2 mg/kg bw|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-ETHYLHEXALDEHYDE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Has apparently not been reported to occur in nature. In public use since the 1950s.

2-Ethylhexaldehyde's production and use as an intermediate in organic syntheses and use in vulcanizing agents and antioxidants for rubber(1), and its use in perfumes(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).|2-Ethyhexaldehyde is a metabolite resulting from the biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(4). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(SRC). Using OECD Method 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BOD of 71.8%(5) which classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC). By analogy, isobutyraldehyde (a structurally similar branched saturated aldehyde to 2-ethylhexaldhyde), present at 30 mg/L, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(6) which also classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 18(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-ethylhexaldhyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.6 hours and 4.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 49(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.07(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Using OECD Method 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) with a domestic activated sludge inoculum and a 28-day incubation period, 2-ethylhexaldehyde had a theoretical BOD of 71.8%(7) which classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC). By analogy, isobutyraldehyde (a structurally similar branched saturated aldehyde to 2-ethylhexaldhyde), present at 30 mg/L, reached 81% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(8) which also classifies it as readily biodegradable(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-ethylhexaldehyde , which has a vapor pressure of 2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-ethylhexaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-ethylhexaldehyde with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 49 was calculated in fish for 2-ethylhexaldehyde(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.07(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-ethylhexaldehyde can be estimated to be 18(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-ethylhexaldehyde is estimated as 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 400 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-ethylhexaldehyde is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.9 days(SRC). 2-Ethylhexaldehyde's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2-ethylhexaldehyde from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2 mm Hg(1).

2-Ethylhexaldehyde has been qualitatively detected as a volatile compound of baked potatoes(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 2-ethylhexaldehyde is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|Occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexaldehyde may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-ethylhexaldehyde is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-ethylhexaldehyde via inhalation, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-ethylhexaldehyde. (SRC)

2-Ethylhexaldehyde was qualitatively detected in the expired air from control and diabetic nonsmoking populations(1).

Aldehydes are readily oxidized to organic acids, which, in turn, can serve as substrates for fatty acid oxidation pathways and the Krebs cycle. ... Oxidation of aldehydes is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase, which has been found in the brain, erythrocytes, liver, kidney, heart, and placenta. /Aldehydes/|... The detoxification of aldehydes can be seen to proceed basically via two routes: (1) an oxidation to yield readily metabolized acids; (2) inactivation by reaction with sulfhydryl groups, particularly glutathione. Under conditions that either deplete glutathione levels, or that result in an inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase (for example, Antabuse treatment), the acute and chronic effects of aldehyde toxicity might be more fully expressed. /Aldehydes/

Inhalation may be irritating to mucous membrane; overexposure may cause dizziness and collapse. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The mucus membranes of the nasal and oral passages and the upper respiratory tract are affected, producing a burning sensation ... bronchial constriction, choking, and coughing. The eyes tear, and a burning sensation is noted on the skin of the face. /Aldehydes/

2-ethylhexanal

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness. See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Grades: Technical

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Hexanal, 2-ethyl-: ACTIVE|In public use since the 1950s. Use in fragrances in the USA amounts to approximately 25,000 lb/yr.

A gas chromatographic method is described for air analysis of ethylhexanal.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

Flavoring Agents