Fenthion

278.33

278.33

200-231-9

BL0L45OVKT

0655

755881

3018

DTXSID8020620

C76873

COLORLESS LIQUID|Colorless to brown liquid.

2930909066

85.1

3.17-4.8

Fenthion is a yellow to tan oily liquid with a slight odor of garlic. (NTP, 1992)

1.250 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

7 °C

87 °C @ Press: 0.01 Torr

>100 °C

nD20 1.5698

H2O: 0.0055 g/100 mL

2-8°C

Vapour pressure at 25°C: negligible

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 9.6

Oral-rat LD50: 180 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 88.1 mg/kg

Thermal decomposition of toxic phosphorus oxide and sulfur oxide gas

Slight garlic odor

Henry's Law constant= 1.46X10-6 atm-cu m/mole (est)

156.19 Ų [M+H]+

Brown oil 95-98% pure, with a weak garlic-like odor /Technical fenthion/|Yellow to tan oily liquid /Technical/

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

FENTHION may react with strong reducing agents such as hydrides to generate highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

365 °C

Noncombustible Liquid

NON-CORROSIVE

III

6.1(b)

UN 2810/3017

3

21/22-23-48/25-50/53-68-67-65-38-11

36/37-45-60-61-62

TF9625000

T;N,N,T,Xn,F

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P261-P273-P280-P311-P501

H302 + H312-H331-H341-H372-H410

Hydrolysis & landfill: Mix fenthion with excess CaO /calcium oxide/ or NaOH /sodium hydroxide/ and sand or other adsorbent in a pit or trench at least 0.5 m deep in a clay soil. NaOH (or Na2CO3) /sodium carbonate/ can also be added to the mixture to help speed the reactions when CaO is used as the main alkali. The amt of CaO or NaOH to use depends on the amt of pesticide to be disposed of and, to some extent, the concentration of active ingredient in the pesticide and the actual chemical nature of the active ingredient. A practical guideline, in the absence of specific directions, is to use an approx volume or weight of alkali from one-half of to the same as that of the pesticide. For dilute formulations, such as a 1% soln or dust, the amount of CaO of NaOH can be reduced by one-half. For very concentrated pesticides (over 80% active ingredient) the amount of CaO or NaOH can be doubled, but the concentrate should be mixed first with water (or soapy water) before reaction with the alkali. For safety, a preliminary test should be made in which very small amt of the pesticide and alkali are mixed and observed briefly to make sure it does not react too vigorously. Sizable quantities of pesticides can be disposed of in several smaller batches, rather than all at once, for added safety. 50% hydrolysis at 80 °C in acid medium requires 36 hr, or 95 min in alkaline medium. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: For large amt incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))|MALATHION MAY BE DISPOSED OF BY ABSORBING IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL ... & /DISPOSING OF SO AS TO MEET LOCAL, STATE, & FEDERAL REGULATIONS/. /MALATHION/|Incineration together with flammable solvent in furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber is recommended. /Malathion/|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Malathion: Biological treatment and reverse osmosis. /Malathion/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for FENTHION (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... incompatible with /insecticides and fungicides/ which are highly alkaline.|Oxidizers.

Ophthalmic and topical dosage form new animal drugs not subject to certification. Specifications and conditions of use provided for the control of grubs and lice in beef, nonlactating, and dairy cattle.

DHEW/NCI; Bioassay of Fenthion for Possible Carcinogenicity (1979) Technical Rpt Series No. 103 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 79-1353|Maroni M, Fait A; Health effects in man from long-term exposure to pesticides; A review of the 1975-1991 literature. Toxicology 78 (1-3): 1-180 (1993). Review of human cancer, carcinogenicity, cytogenic effect, reproductive system pathology mortality occupational health.

This compound is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H302 (97.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 208 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P307+P311, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear full protective clothing, including gloves and facemask.|Employees should be provided with and required to use ... face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated, or prolonged skin contact with malathion. /Malathion/|Any employee whose work involves likely exposure of the skin to malathion or malathion formulations, eg, mixing or formulating, shall wear full body coveralls, or the equivalent, impervious gloves, and footwear. When there is danger of malathion coming in contact with the eyes, safety goggles shall be provided and worn. /Malathion/|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|(See protection codes)

Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide for small fires. Water spray, foam for large fires. /Malathion/|AREA SURROUNDING FIRE SHOULD BE DIKED TO PREVENT WATER RUNOFF. /MALATHION/|WEAR SELF CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (OR RESPIRATOR FOR ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES) AND RUBBER CLOTHING WHILE FIGHTING FIRES OF MALATHION WITH CHLORINE BLEACH SOLN. ALL CLOTHING CONTAMINATED BY FUMES AND VAPORS MUST BE DECONTAMINATED. /MALATHION/|Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /Malathion/

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 2. COLLECT FOR RECLAMATION OR ABSORB IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL. /MALATHION/|Environmental consideration: Landspill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding areato contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. /Malathion/|Environmental consideration: Water spill: If dissolved ... apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount /in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration/. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges, or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Malathion/|Spills of malathion on floors shall be absorbed with absorbing clay. Sweeping compound may be utilized to facilitate the removal of all visible traces of malathion contaminated clay. Equipment and fixtures contaminated with malathion shall be decontaminated with an alkaline solution (5% sodium hydroxide). /Malathion/|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for FENTHION (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/|/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for FENTHION (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 0.2 mg/cu m, skin designation, is still enforced in some states.

After reviewing available published literature, NIOSH provided comments to OSHA on 8/1/88 regarding the "Proposed Rule on Air Contaminants" (29 CFR 1910, Docket No. H-020). In these comments, NIOSH questioned whether the PEL proposed for fenthion [TWA 0.2 mg/cu m (skin)] were adequate to protect workers from recognized health hazards.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit, protective gloves and filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

Cholinesterase inhibition. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory failure. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

NO open flames.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

highly

The equitoxic coadministration of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate and fenthion resulted in only a 1.6 fold potentiation compared to the expected /acute oral/ LD50 /of the methyl carbamate/. However, 1 hr oral pretreatment with 3 (1/100 LD50), 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg of fenthion resulted in 5, 9, 12, and 15 fold potentiation of the acute oral toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate, respectively. These fenthion pretreatments caused significant incr in the 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate plasma concn and in the area under the concentration-time curve. These results suggested that fenthion pretreatment caused the potentiation of the acute toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate partially by the inhibition of detoxication of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate.

LD50 Rat male oral 190-315 mg/kg|LD50 Rat female oral 245-615 mg/kg|LD50 Rat percutaneous 330-500 mg/kg|LD50 Rat dermal 330 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 150 mg/kg

A bioassay of fenthion for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to F344 rats ... . Groups of 50 rats of each sex ... were administered fenthion in the diet at one of two doses, either 10 or 20 ppm, for 103 weeks and then observed for 0 to 2 additional weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 25 untreated animals ... of each sex. All surviving animals were killed at 103 to 105 weeks. The mean body weights and the survivals of the dosed animals were essentially unaffected by administration of the test chemical ... . Thus, most of the animals may have been able to tolerate higher doses. Sufficient numbers of animals in all groups of rats ... were at risk for development of late-appearing tumors. In the male and female rats ... no tumors occurred at incidences that were significantly higher in dosed groups than in control groups. ... It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, fenthion was not carcinogenic for male or female F344 rats.|Groups of ... 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex were administered fenthion in the diet at one of two doses, either 10 or 20 ppm, for 103 wk ... . Matched controls consisted of groups of 25 untreated animals of each ... sex. All surviving animals were killed at 103 to 105 wk. The survival of the low-dose male mice, ... was significantly lower than that of the corresponding matched control. ... In the ... female mice, no tumors occurred at incidences that were significantly higher in dosed groups than in control groups. In the male mice, sarcomas, fibrosarcomas, or rhabdomyosarcomas of the integumentary system occurred at incidences that were dose related (p= 0.043). In direct comparisons of the incidences of these tumors in the dosed groups with the incidence in the control group, the P values of 0.048 and 0.028 for the low and high dose groups, respectively, did not meet the Bonferroni criterion of p= 0.025 for significance when multiple comparisons are made (controls 0/25, low-dose 7/49 or 14%, high-dose 8/48 or 17%). However, the incidence of sarcomas and fibrosarcomas in historical-control male B6C3Fl mice used in bioassays of other chemicals tested at this same laboratory was 7/435 ( 1.6%), and no rhabdomyosarcomas occurred in the historical control male mice. Fenthion was not carcinogenic for ... female B6C3F1 mice. The increased incidence of sarcomas, fibrosarcomas, and especially rhabdomyosarcomas of the integumentary system in the male B6C3F1 mice suggested that the test chemical was carcinogenic in these animals.

Fenthion's use as an insecticide(1-2) releases the compound directly to the environment through applications in sprays, dusts and other application mechanisms(SRC). For mosquito control, fenthion is often applied as a thermal fog by aircraft(3); aerial drift can deposit aerial applications to surrounding areas(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Biodegradation and photooxidation are expected to be important degradation processes in the terrestrial environment. Laboratory studies have shown that fenthion undergoes a photosensitized oxidation on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight (probably via singlet oxygen) with the formation of fenthion sulfoxide(1), and that the conversion rate is sufficiently rapid to make photooxidation an important transformation pathway(1). Biodegradation screening studies have demonstrated that fenthion can biodegrade under environmental conditions(2-4). The US Dept of Agric's Pesticide Properties Database reports a soil half-life of 34 days for fenthion(5). Based upon a Koc of 1500(5), fenthion is expected to have very low mobility in soil(6,SRC). In plants, fenthion oxidizes to the sulfoxide and sulfone which are both highly insecticidal(7).|AQUATIC FATE: Various screening studies have shown that fenthion can degrade via photodegradation and biodegradation in the aquatic environment(1-3). Photodegradation is the dominant transformation pathway when sunlight exposure is present(1-3); degradation rates can increase by as much as 3 to 8-fold in sunlight as compared to dark conditions(2). The persistence half life of fenthion in water under field conditions has been reported to range from 2.9 to 21.1 days for various ocean, river, swamp, lake and canal waters(1,4). However, it may be more persistent in some environments, such as salt marsh sediments (below several mm deep), where light and oxygen are limited(2-3). Aqueous hydrolysis is usually too slow to have any environmental importance(1); at 23.5 °C, the hydrolysis half-life is approximately 101 days in distilled water and 69 days in salt water(1). One screening study measured a BCF of 16,600 in guppies (extractable lipid basis)(5) which indicates that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may be somewhat important(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a reported vapor pressure of 3X10-5 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), fenthion can exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere, although the vapor phase can be expected to dominate(2,SRC). It will degrade rapidly in the vapor phase by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 5 hr(3,SRC). Particulate phase fenthion and aerosols released to air during spray applications of fenthion insecticide will be removed from air physically by dry and wet deposition(SRC).

TRANSFORMATION OF FENTHION TO ITS SULFOXIDE & SULFONE ... EVEN OCCURS UPON ORDINARY EXPOSURE ... TO ATMOSPHERE & SUNLIGHT & IS APPARENTLY FUNCTION OF LIGHT INTENSITY. THERE IS PROBABILITY THAT FENTHION IS CONVERTED TO OXIDATION PRODUCTS ON LEAF SURFACES BEFORE ABSORPTION & METABOLISM BY PLANT.|The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of fenthion with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 7.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). In laboratory tests, fenthion was found to undergo a photosensitized degradation on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight with the formation of fenthion sulfoxide(2); it was postulated that singlet oxygen was the probable oxidant forming the sulfoxide, although other sensitized oxidation pathways were possible(2); the photosensitized loss from 4 different soils over a May 8, 1984 to May 11, 1984 exposure to sunlight ranged from 25-53%(2).|The hydrolytic half-life of fenthion in distilled buffered water at 23.5 °C was experimentally determined to range from 116.5 days at pH 3 to 101.7 days at pH 9(1); at pH 11 the half-life decreases to 14.4 days(1). The hydrolytic half-life of fenthion was found to decrease with increasing salinity(1); with no salinity, the half-life was 101.7 days, but it decreased to 69.3 days as the salinity was increased to 0.04 ppb(1). Photodegradation was found to be an important degradation process in natural water(1); in a sterile natural water, the half-life was 46.9 days under dark conditions and 10.9 under sunlight exposure(1); in a nonsterile natural water, the half-life was 19.7 days under dark conditions and 2.9 under sunlight exposure(1). In sterile and nonsterile seawater studies, the half-life was approximately 3 to 8 faster under sunlight or fluorescent light than under dark conditions(2). Photolysis of thin films of fenthion via sunlight yielded O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate and O,O,O-trimethyl phosphorothioate as the major photodegradation products(3).

331.13|Using a flow-through system and up to 11 days of exposure, a mean BCF of 16,600 (extractable lipid basis) was measured in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)(1). Based upon a measured Log Kow of 4.09(2) and a water solubility of 7.5 mg/l at 20 °C(3), the BCF of fenthion can be estimated to be 760 and 200, respectively, from regression derived equations(4,SRC). These measured and estimated BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may have some environmental importance(SRC). A fenthion BCF of 62 was measured in tadpoles after a 96 hr exposure period in a flow-through system(5).

1.51e+03 L/kg|Based upon a measured log Kow of 4.09(1) and a water solubility of 7.5 mg/l at 20 °C(2), the Koc of fenthion can be estimated to be 4000 and 1400, respectively, from regression derived equations(3,SRC). The US Dept Agric's Pesticide Properties Database lists a Koc value of 1500 for fenthion(4). According to a suggested classification scheme(5), these estimated Koc values suggest that fenthion is only slightly mobile in soil(SRC).

Based upon a vapor pressure of 3X10(-5) mm Hg(1) and a water solubility of 7.5 mg/l at 20 °C(2), the Henry's Law constant for fenthion can be estimated to be 1.46X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1,SRC). This value of Henry's Law constant indicates slow volatilization from water(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 42 days(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model environmental pond can be estimated to be about 455 days if the effect of adsorption to sediment is ignored(3,SRC); if the maximum effect of adsorption to sediment is included, the estimated volatilization half-life from the pond exceeds five years(3,SRC). It has been estimated that the vapor loss of fenthion applied to a loam soil at 25 °C, with an annual rainfall of 150 cm, would be roughly 0.2 to 3.0 kg/hectare/yr(5).

Fenthion was detected in the water from the area where dead birds were found. Residue levels in the water were 16 ug/l 2 days after the area had been sprayed with the recommended level for mosquito control of 0.11 kg fenthion/ha. It is calculated that this application rate would produce a concn of 147 ug/l in water 15 cm deep.|GROUND WATER: Fenthion was not detected (detection limit of 5.0 ppb) in ground water samples collected from 54 wells used for municipal and private water supplies in California(1).

Virgin olive oil samples collected during two sampling periods between 1988 and 1990 in Greece, contained mean fenthion concns of 0.216 and 0.256 mg/kg(1); 50-79% of the 630 samples had detectable (detection limit of 0.005 mg/kg) fenthion residues(1); in addition to fenthion, the metabolites fenthion sulfoxide and the oxygen analogue (P=O) of fenthion were detected(1). In a US monitoring survey of 6970 produce samples (fruits and vegetables) collected between 1989 and 1991, fenthion was not detected in any sample at a detection limit of 0.200 ppm(2). As part of the FDA's Total Diet Study (Market Basket Survey) of the American diet for fiscal year 1978, fenthion was detected in only one food composite for the infant and toddler age classes(3); the concn was reported as a trace (detection limit not given)(3); no fenthion was detected (detection limit not given) for fiscal years 1979-1982(4).|Fenthion has been detected, by FDA's pesticide residue monitoring program, in American foods during fiscal years 1983-1990(1-3); however, the concns and the frequencies of occurrence were not reported(1-3).

Following dermal application of (32)P fenthion /to cows/ at the rate of 9 mg/kg, ... 1.5-2.0% /primarily in the form of water-soluble hydrolysis products/ was recovered in the milk.|LACTATING JERSEY COWS WERE FED DIETS CONTAINING FENTHION. MILK CONTAINED TRACES OF FENTHION & SMALL AMOUNTS OF FENTHION SULFOXIDE & SULFONE & SULFOXIDE OF OXYGEN ANALOG. SULFONE & SULFOXIDE OF FENTHION & ITS OXYGEN ANALOG WERE FOUND IN URINE.

Occupational exposure to fenthion occurs through dermal contact and inhalation of dust and sprays, especially to workers applying the compound as an insecticide(1). Occupational exposure to fenthion is reported to occur in workers in CA who handle flea control products(2). Since fenthion has been detected in American foods(3-4), exposure to the general population may occur through consumption of foods containing fenthion residues(SRC).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,030 workers are potentially exposed to fenthion in the USA(1).

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)|Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system. (See all compounds classified as Cholinesterase Inhibitors.)

LACTATING JERSEY COWS WERE FED DIETS CONTAINING FENTHION. MILK CONTAINED TRACES OF FENTHION & SMALL AMOUNTS OF FENTHION SULFOXIDE & SULFONE & SULFOXIDE OF OXYGEN ANALOG. SULFONE & SULFOXIDE OF FENTHION & ITS OXYGEN ANALOG WERE FOUND IN URINE. FENTHION SULFOXIDE WAS FOUND IN FECES.|... In cows, about the same percentage of various metabolic fractions derived from (32)P fenthion appeared in the feces following dermal application as appeared after im injection, indicating that the dermally applied material had been ... absorbed, whether from the skin or from the GI tract, after being licked from the skin.|ON RICE PLANTS, ONLY ABOUT 10% OF APPLIED MATERIAL REMAINED AFTER 6 HR. ... USING LABELED MATERIAL, ALMOST HALF OF ACTIVITY WAS FOUND IN BRAN; 6.5% IN HUSK, & 14.7% IN POLISHED RICE.|... Fenthion has lipophilic properties, it deposits in adipose tissue.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for FENTHION (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... FENTHION IS METABOLIZED IN PLANTS INITIALLY TO SULFOXIDE. THE METABOLIC CONVERSION OF THIOETHER GROUP TO SULFOXIDE IS RAPID & SUBSEQUENT METAB TO SULFONE & DESULFURATION TO PHOSPHATE SULFOXIDE & SULFONE IS SLOWER.|... STABLE FLY & BED BUG RAPIDLY METABOLIZED FENTHION. OXIDATION OCCURRED AT THIOPHOSPHORYL & THIOETHER POSITIONS. LATTER PATH PRODUCED FENTHION SULFOXIDE & FENTHION SULFONE. OTHER PATH GAVE RISE TO FENOXON & 4-METHYLSULFONYL-M-CRESOL. THE SULFINYL CRESOL ANALOG WAS ALSO OBSERVED. THE HYDROLYTIC PRODUCTS WERE CONJUGATED & EXCRETED. FOLLOWING CONVERSION TO THE OXYGEN ANALOG, OXIDATION OF THIOETHER WAS MORE RAPID.|FOURTEEN DAYS AFTER APPLICATION /TO RICE PLANTS/, WATER SOL METABOLITES WERE FOUND IN RICE GRAINS: PHOSPHATE & THIOPHOSPHATE, DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE & THIOPHOSPHATE, DEMETHYL FENTHION, & UNKNOWN CMPD.|FENTHION SULFOXIDE & SULFONE & FENTHION PHOSPHATE SULFOXIDE OR SULFONE HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN HOUSEFLIES AFTER TOPICAL APPLICATION ... . AT LEAST 5 INTACT ESTER DERIVATIVES OF FENTHION HAVE BEEN ISOLATED FROM BOLL WEEVIL, GERMAN COCKROACHES, & RATS.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for FENTHION (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|Fenthion has known human metabolites that include Fenthion oxon.

0.44 Days

Organophosphates poison insects and humans primarily by phosphorylation of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme at nerve endings. /Organophosphate Cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides/

The S-methyl isomer ... is a known contaminant in technical fenthion ... .

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, salivation; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); rhinorrhea (discharge of thin mucus), chest tightness; blurred vision, miosis; cardiac irregularities; muscle fasciculation; dyspnea (breathing difficulty) Target Organs: respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, plasma cholinesterase (NIOSH, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS ARE EXTREMELY TOXIC AND FAST-ACTING POISONS. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital of poison control center and transport the victim to a hospital. Atropine is an antidote for cholinesterase inhibitors but should only be administered by properly trained personnel. In the absence of this option and if the victim is conscious and not convulsing, it may be worth considering the risk of inducing vomiting, even though the induction of vomiting is not usually recommended outside of a physician's care. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used to induce vomiting in such an emergency. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

1. INSURE THAT A CLEAR AIRWAY EXISTS BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS IF NECESSARY. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IN SEVERE POISONINGS, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 2. ADMIN ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED. MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|2. SEVERELY POISONED INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT REMARKABLE TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. THE DOSE OF ATROPINE MAY BE INCREASED AND THE DOSING INTERVAL DECREASED AS NEEDED TO CONTROL SYMPTOMS. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ATROPINE MAY BE NECESSARY WHEN ATROPINE REQUIREMENTS ARE MASSIVE. REVERSAL OF MUSCARINIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, NOT AN ARBITRARY DOSE LIMIT, IS THE DESIRED END-POINT. PRESERVATIVE-FREE ATROPINE PRODUCETS SHOULD BE USED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. NOTE: PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATES MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSES. FEVER, MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, AND DELIRIUM ARE THE MAIN SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY. IF THESE APPEAR WHILE THE PATIENT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED, ATROPINE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY, WHILE THE SEVERITY OF POISONING IS REEVALUATED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|3. DRAW BLOOD SAMPLE (HEPARINIZED) FOR CHOLINESTERASE ANALYSIS BEFORE ADMINISTRATION OF PRALIDOXIME, WHICH TENDS TO REVERSE THE CHOLINESTERASE DEPRESSION. 4. ADMIN PRALIDOXIME (PROTOPAM, 2-PAM) IN CASES OF SEVERE POISONING ... IN WHICH RESP DEPRESSION, MUSCLE WEAKNESS & TWITCHINGS ARE SEVERE. ... ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12): GIVE 1.0-2.0 G IV @ NO MORE THAN 0.2 G/MIN. CHILD'S DOSE (UNDER 12 YR): GIVE 20-50 MG/KG (DEPENDING ON SEVERITY) IV, INJECTING NO MORE THAN HALF TOTAL DOSE/MIN. DOSAGE ... MAY BE REPEATED IN 1-2 HR THEN @ 10-12 HR INTERVAL IF NEEDED. IN VERY SEVERE POISONINGS, DOSAGE ... MAY BE DOUBLED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|4. BE PREPD TO ASSIST PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY IF RESP ... DEPRESSED ... . 5. IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE BEEN POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATE CONTAMINATION OF SKIN, CLOTHING, HAIR, AND/OR EYES, DECONTAMINATION MUST PROCEED CONCURRENTLY WITH WHATEVER RESUSCITATIVE AND ANTIDOTAL MEASURES ARE NECESSARY TO PRESERVE LIFE. ... 6. IF ... INGESTED IN QUANTITY PROBABLY SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE POISONING, THE STOMACH AND INTESTINE MUST BE EMPTIED. A. EMPTY THE STOMACH BY INTUBATION, ASPIRATION, AND LAVAGE, USING SLURRY OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL IN ISOTONIC SALINE. RIGOROUS PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN TO PROTECT THE AIRWAY FROM ASPIRATION OF REGURGITATED. IF VICTIM IS UNCONSCIOUS OR OBTUNDED, INSERT A CUFFED ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE PRIOR TO GASTRIC INTUBATION. KEEP VICTIM'S HEAD BELOW LEVEL OF STOMACH DURING GASTRIC INTUBATION AND LAVAGE ... . KEEP VICTIM'S HEAD TURNED TO THE LEFT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for FENTHION (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR.|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. NAUSEA ... VOMITING, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, DIARRHEA, EXCESSIVE SALIVATION ... 2. HEADACHE, GIDDINESS, VERTIGO & WEAKNESS. 3. RHINORRHEA & SENSATION OF TIGHTNESS IN CHEST ARE COMMON IN INHALATION EXPOSURE. 4. BLURRING OR DIMNESS OF VISION, MIOSIS ... TEARING, CILIARY MUSCLE SPASM, LOSS OF ACCOMMODATION & OCULAR PAIN ... MYDRIASIS ... SOMETIMES SEEN ... PROBABLY DUE TO SYMPATHO-ADRENAL DISCHARGE. 5. LOSS OF MUSCLE COORDINATION, SLURRING OF SPEECH, FASCICULATIONS & TWITCHING OF MUSCLES (PARTICULARLY OF TONGUE & EYELIDS), & GENERALIZED PROFOUND WEAKNESS. 6. MENTAL CONFUSION, DISORIENTATION & DROWSINESS. /PARATHION/|SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 7. DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, EXCESSIVE SECRETION OF SALIVA & OF RESP TRACT MUCUS, ORONASAL FROTHING, CYANOSIS, PULMONARY RALES & RHONCHI & HYPERTENSION, (PRESUMABLY DUE TO ASPHYXIA). 8. RANDOM JERKY MOVEMENTS, INCONTINENCE, CONVULSIONS, & COMA. 9. DEATH PRIMARILY DUE TO RESP ARREST ARISING FROM FAILURE OF RESP CENTER, PARALYSIS OF RESP MUSCLES, INTENSE BRONCHOCONSTRICTION OR ALL THREE. /PARATHION/|Cytotoxic, cytostatic and cytogenetic effects of a number of organophosphate pesticides on human lymphoid cells in culture were examined. Fenthion significantly incr the sister chromatid exchange frequency.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for FENTHION (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Baytex

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, salivation; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus), chest tightness; blurred vision, miosis; cardiac irregularities; muscle fasciculation; dyspnea (breathing difficulty)

Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Sweating. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Laboured breathing. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Blurred vision.

respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, plasma cholinesterase

ABOUT 40% APPLIED TO AQUATIC AREAS IN CA AS AN INSECTICIDE FOR CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES; MOST OF THE BALANCE IS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN USED FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL ELSEWHERE IN THE US (1974).

BAYTEX, WETTABLE POWDER (400 G/KG), FOGGING CONCENTRATE (600 G/L), EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE (500 OR 1000 G/L) & GRANULAR (20 G/KG) FOR HOUSEHOLD USE; LEBAYCID, WETTABLE POWDER (250 OR 400 G/KG), EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE (500 OR 1000 G/L), ULV (1000 G/L) & DUST (30 G/KG) FOR USE AGAINST CROP PESTS; QUELETOX FOR USE AGAINST WEAVER BIRDS; TIGUVON VARIOUS FORMULATIONS AGAINST ANIMAL PARASITES.|Fenthion is available as 25 and 40% wettable powders, 60% fogging concentrates, 50% emulsifiable concentrates, 100% ultralow-volume spray, 3% dust, and 2% granules.|Mixtures include: Bay-Bassa, EC (fenthion + fenobucarb).|liquid concentrates, spray concentrates

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Fenthion (technical grade) as Class II: moderately hazardous; Main Use: insecticide, larvicide.|... CONTACT & STOMACH INSECTICIDE WITH USEFUL PENETRANT & PERSISTENT ACTION. IT IS EFFECTIVE, FOR EXAMPLE, AGAINST FRUIT FLIES, LEAF HOPPERS & CEREAL BUGS.|COMPATIBLE WITH MOST INSECTICIDES & FUNGICIDES, EXCEPT ALKALINE MATERIALS.|Fenthion (Tiguvon) is poured along the backline of cattle before migrating larvae of Hypoderma lineatum and H bovis reach this region. The migrating larvae are killed before they inflict damage to the tissue and the hide over the back.|Fenthion is an analogue of parathion.

PRODUCT ANALYSIS IS BY ABSORPTION AT 252 NM OR BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY. RESIDUESMAY BE DETERMINED BY GLC OR BY EXTRACTION, CLEAN-UP & OXIDATION TO PHOSPHATE WHICH IS MEASURED BY STD COLORIMETRIC METHODS.|GENERAL SAMPLE, GC; GENERAL SAMPLE, SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AT 660 NM.|FENTHION WAS ANALYZED IN FAT BY GC WITH FPD & 3% OV-1 COLUMN. OXYGEN ANALOG SULFOXIDE WAS ANALYZED BY LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHY.|A method for multiresidue pesticide analysis in food was described. After a conventional clean-up, GC analysis was performed in a GC equipped with 2 fused-silica capillary columns coated with methylsilicone OV-17. Automated analysis was performed with test mixtures and food samples on the SP 2100 column overnight as a screening procedure.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for FENTHION (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pesticide residues were isolated from acetonitrile and dichlorobenzene extracts of hen's egg and hen, swine, and cow liver by gel permeation chromatography, using a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene as the column material. The gel permeation chromatography method was found to be simpler and more economical in terms of time and solvent required.|A method is described forthe determination of fenthion and metabolites in animal tissues, ... and milk. Residues are extracted with acetone and trichloromethane, oxidized to the oxygen analog sulfone, and determined by GLC using a thermionic flame detector. FDA recoveries of fenthion and the oxygen analog sulfone were 78-106% at levels of 0.01, 0.1, and 10 ppm added to milk, beef, and fat, respectively. Sensitivity is 0.05 ppm (animal tissues), 0.001 ppm (milk).

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|Animal Drugs -> FDA Approved Animal Drug Products (Green Book) -> Active Ingredients|INSECTICIDES