2,3-Dimethylphenol

122.164

122.16

208-395-3

RLF9YS3586

0601

62011

2261

DTXSID6025143|DTXSID8027375

Needles from water or dilute alcohol

29071990

20.23000

2.40

2,3-dimethylphenol appears as colorless crystalline solid or brown chunky solid. Taste threshold concentration 0.03 mg/L. Odor threshold concentration 0.5 mg/L. (NTP, 1992)

1.0±0.1 g/cm3

72.8 °C

218 °C

90.7±7.2 °C

1.540

slightly soluble

0.089 mm Hg @ 25 deg C

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.2

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.4-?

0.03 mg/l (taste threshold concn)

8.02e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

7.38e-07 atm-m3/mole

pKa= 10.54 at 25 °C

Heat of fusion: 41.13 cal/g= 172.09 J/g= 21,024 J/mol|Hydroxyl radical rate constant = 8.02X10-11 cu-cm/molc sec @ 25 °C

Hygroscopic. Insoluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

Solutions of 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL in water, DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should be stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions. This compound is incompatible with bases, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, and oxidizing agents. It corrodes steel, brass, copper, and copper alloys. (NTP, 1992)

599 °C

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.

13,106.8 g cal/g mole

II

6.1

UN 2261

3

R24/25;R34;R51/53

S26-S36/37/39-S45-S61

ZE5500000

T:Toxic;N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;

Separated from food and feedstuffs, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, bases and oxidants.

P273-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H301-H311-H314-H411

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|A NEW ENZYMATIC METHOD WAS DEVELOPED FOR THE REMOVAL OF PHENOLS AND ANILINES FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS, INVOLVING THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING THE POLLUTANTS WITH HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. SUCH TREATMENT RESULTS IN PRECIPITATION OF PHENOLS AND AROMATIC AMINES FROM WATER AS A RESULT OF THEIR ENZYMATIC CROSSLINKING. THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY FOR 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL WAS 99.7%.|Chemical Treatability of 2,3-Dimethylphenol; Concentration Process: Biological treatment; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Unknown; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure compound (one solute in a solvent); Results of Study: 95.5% reduction based on chemical oxygen demand; rate of biodegradation 35 mg chemical oxygen demand/g hr (activated sludge process).

EPA EPA/600/8-88/031 p.30 (1987). Health effects assessment for dimethylphenols.|Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment SCR TR 81-527 (1981). Information profiles on potential occupational hazards: xylenols.|Tucker JD et al; Mutat Res 297 (2): 101-80 (1993). Sister-chromatid exchange: second report of the Gene-Tox Program.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

|Danger|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1210 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301 (98.65%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 370 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|Not Classified|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)|Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under ambient temperatures, and protect it from moisture and oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Some data suggesting breakthrough times /for butyl rubber/ of approximately an hour or more. /Aromatic hydroxyl cmpd/|Breakthrough times /for neoprene/ greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers. /Aromatic hydroxyl cmpd/|Breakthrough times /for polyvinyl alcohol/ less (usually markedly less) than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers. /Aromatic hydroxyl cmpd/

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.4-?

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Xylenols; Xylenols, liquid; Xylenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Xylenols; Xylenols, liquid; Xylenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Xylenols; Xylenols, liquid; Xylenols, solid/|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Xylenols; Xylenols, liquid; Xylenols, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers.

Separated from food and feedstuffs, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, bases and oxidants.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes and skin. Corrosive on ingestion. The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract.

NO open flames. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

2,3-Dimethylphenol was identified in Los Angeles County effluent (1980-81) at 40 ug/l(1). 2,3-Dimethylphenol was also identified as a component of the acid fraction of effluent samples from SOHIO's Toledo, OH refinery in December 1976, at 16 ng/g; in the effluent treatment, 99% of 2,3-dimethylphenol was removed by activated sludge(2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Although found in gasoline and diesel motor exhaust, 2,3-dimethylphenol was not detected in an Allegheny Mountain highway tunnel(1).

2,3-Dimethylphenol was identified as a component of cigarette smoke(1,2).

A SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOPING VASOCONSTRICTION IN ISOLATED PERFUSED LUNG AND VASOCONSTRICTION CAUSED BY ARTERIALLY INJECTED ATP 50 UG WERE BOTH INHIBITED BY THE ADDITION TO THE PERFUSATE OF VARIOUS PHENOLS INCLUDING 2,3-XYLENOL.

LD50 Mouse iv 56 mg/kg

Dimethylphenols, of which 2,3-dimethylphenol is an isomer, are present in the essential oils of various conifers, in tea, in tobacco and tobacco smoke, in roasted coffee and in various smoked foods(1).

/SRP/: 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL IS A CONSTITUENT OF ... WOOD SMOKE, COAL CONVERSION WASTES, INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER, AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST, SMOKED FISH, AND ESSENTIAL OILS.|/SRP/: DIMETHYLPHENOLS OCCUR IN SHALE OIL PROCESS WATER, INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER, AIRBORNE PARTICULATES, ... AND EVOLUTES FROM WASTE CHEMICAL DUMPS. /DIMETHYLPHENOLS/|2,3-Dimethylphenol's use for the preparation of coal tar disinfectants(1), in the manufacture of artificial resins(1), as a constituent of coal tar creosote (0.5 wt%)(2), as a component of automobile and diesel exhaust(3-6) and as a by-product of the brewing industry(6) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Dimethylphenols, of which 2,3-dimethylphenol is an isomer, are components of disinfectants, solvents, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, fungicides, plasticizers, rubber chemicals, additives to lubricants and gasolines, wetting agents and dyestuffs(7).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 630(2), indicates that 2,3-dimethylphenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-dimethylphenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from its vapor pressure of 0.089 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 4570 mg/l(5). 2,3-Dimethylphenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a its vapor pressure(3). 2,3-Dimethylphenol has been reported to degrade from soil in 19 days at a temperature of 19 °C(6). Biodegradation under anaerobic conditions failed to occur after 24 days in one study using a river sediment inoculum(7), and only 15% biodegradation occurred after 8 weeks in another study using a contaminated groundwater digester(8).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 630(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3-dimethylphenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 2,3-Dimethylphenol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from its vapor pressure of 0.089 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 4570 mg/l(5). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 13 days and 98 days, respectively(3,SRC). However, this model underestimates the volatilization half-life of 2,3-dimethylphenol since it does not take into account the effects of adsorption. The estimated Koc of 630(2) suggests that volatilization could be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediments in water(SRC). This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered (half-life = 470 days in model pond) and one in which adsorption was ignored (half-life = 140 days in model pond)(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 57(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(8,SRC), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). In humic waters, degradation by the reaction with peroxy radicals should ensue with a half-life on the order of hours(9). 2,3-Dimethylphenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). Screening studies indicate 95.5% chemical oxygen demand loss was obtained after 5 days using an adapted sludge seed(10) and 42.8% theoretical oxygen demand was obtained from a coal gasification waste water feed and an acclimated sludge seed after 10 days(11). In addition, it has been reported that 2,3-dimethylphenol was readily degraded in St. Lawrence River water(12). Biodegradation under anaerobic conditions failed to occur after 24 days in one study using a river sediment inoculum(13), and only 15% degradation occurred after 8 weeks in another study using a contaminated groundwater digester(14).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-dimethylphenol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.089 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dimethylphenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.8 hours(SRC) from its rate constant of 8.02X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Atmospheric dimethylphenols are known to be removed by rainwater(4). 2,3-Dimethylphenol has an absorption band at 271 nm (water), and a shoulder may extend over 290 nm, thus making it a candidate for direct photochemical degradation(5,6). Night-time degradation in urban areas should occur rapidly through reaction with atmospheric nitrate radicals, as rate constants for this reaction with phenolic compounds are approximately 250 times faster than with hydroxyl radicals(7,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dimethylphenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been determined to be 8.02X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.8 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,3-Dimethylphenol has an absorption band at 271 nm (water), and a shoulder may extend over 290 nm, thus making it a candidate for direct photochemical degradation(2,3). Night-time degradation in urban areas should occur rapidly through reaction with atmospheric nitrate radicals, as rate constants for this reaction with phenolic compounds are approximately 250 times faster than with hydroxyl radicals(4,SRC). Peroxy radicals found in humic waters react with phenols; the half-lives can be measured in hours(5). 2,3-Dimethylphenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3).

An estimated BCF of 57 was calculated for 2,3-dimethylphenol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.61(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2,3-dimethylphenol can be estimated to be about 630(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3-dimethylphenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3-dimethylphenol is estimated as 3.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.089 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 4570 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,3-dimethylphenol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as approximately 13 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as approximately 98 days(SRC). However, the volatilization half-life does not take into account the effects of adsorption. An estimated Koc of 630(4) suggests that volatilization could be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediments in water(SRC). This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 474 days in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effect of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 142 days in a model pond 2 m deep(5). 2,3-Dimethylphenol's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur(SRC). 2,3-Dimethylphenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.089 mm Hg(1).

GROUNDWATER: 2,3-Dimethylphenol was identified in a groundwater sample collected in 1984 from a well approximately 300 m from a landfill in Florida, concn not specified(1). The concns of 2,3-dimethylphenol in groundwater collected from a coal tar distillation/wood-treatment plant at St. Louis Park, MN in 1978 and from a wood-preserving plant at Pensacola, FL in 1985 were determined to be 0.81 mg/l and 0.19-1.62 mg/l, respectively(2). 2,3-Dimethylphenol was detected at a concn of 0.2 mg/l in groundwater near an abandoned wood preservative manufacturing plant in Florida(3). Water samples collected during December 1986 from Gas Works Park, Seattle, WA were found to contain 2,3-dimethylphenol ranging in concn from below detection to 0.34 mg/l(4). Studies near a closed wood preserving facility in Pensacola, FL detected 2,3-dimethylphenol in groundwater ranging from 1.05 mg/l at 6 m depth and 0.45 mg/l at 18 m depth approximately 170 m from the plant site; at approximately 330 m from the site, 2,3-dimethylphenol was not detected at any well tested (6-24 m depth)(5). 2,3-Dimethylphenol was also identified in the leachate from a sanitary landfill in Barcelona, Spain(6).|SURFACE WATER: 2,3-Dimethylphenol was qualitatively identified in samples from the St. Lawrence River(1).

2,3-Dimethylphenol was identified as a volatile flavor component of the Japanese dried food, Bonito(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7,786 workers are potentially exposed to dimethylphenol in the US, isomer not specified(1). Occupational exposure to 2,3-dimethylphenol may occur through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where 2,3-dimethylphenol is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to 2,3-dimethylphenol via inhalation of ambient air (i.e., tobacco smoke(2) and automobile exhaust(3)), ingestion of food(4), and contact with other products containing 2,3-dimethylphenol(5).

Urine samples of 35 varnishing workers in six different workplaces contained 2,3-dimethylphenol (0.5 mg/l). The source of this dimethylphenol is probably due to the metabolism of original aromatic components of the varnish(1).

2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL YIELDS 3,4-DIMETHYLCATECHOL, 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE, AND 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENYL SULFATE AS METABOLITES IN THE RABBIT. /FROM TABLE/|HYDROXYLATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WAS STUDIED FOLLOWING THEIR ORAL ADMINISTRATION TO RATS THAT ALSO RECEIVED A PURIFIED DIET CONTAINING NEOMYCIN TO REDUCE THE LEVELS OF NORMALLY OCCURRING SIMPLE URINARY PHENOLS. PHENOLIC METABOLITES WERE QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATED IN HYDROLYZED URINE SAMPLES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. O-XYLENE ADMINISTERED AT A DOSE OF 100 MG/KG WAS METABOLIZED TO 3,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL TO THE EXTENT OF 0.1% OF THE DOSE GIVEN AND VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL.|FOUR PERSONS WERE EXPOSED TO XYLENES. 2,3- AND 3,4-XYLENOL WERE OBSERVED IN THE URINE OF THOSE EXPOSED TO O-XYLENE; 2,4-XYLENOL WAS OBSERVED AFTER M-XYLENE AND 2,5-XYLENOL AFTER P-XYLENE.|3,4-Dimethylphenol is a known human metabolite of o-xylene.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include severe irritation or burning of the eyes and skin; irritation of the respiratory system; dizziness, stomach pain, exhaustion, and coma. It can cause headaches, nausea, and vomiting. It can also cause corrosion of the mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx and bronchi; chemical pneumonitis; and pulmonary edema. Chronic exposure may cause liver or kidney damage. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This chemical is highly toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. It is corrosive and extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes and skin. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Dilution may be contraindicated because it may increase absorption. Do not use emetics ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Phenols and Related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and Related Compounds/

TOXIC BY INGESTION AND SKIN ABSORPTION. /COMMERCIAL MIXTURES/

2,3-dimethylphenol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Dizziness. Headache.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Burning sensation. Redness. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Pitt-Consol Xylenol 410 is a synthetic xylenol blend ... homolog distribution, wt %: 2,6-xylenol, 1; 2,4-xylenol, 42; 2,5-xylenol, 43; 2,3-xylenol group, 14. /Xylenol 410/

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Phenol, 2,3-dimethyl-: ACTIVE|Phenol, dimethyl-: ACTIVE

TRACES OF PHENOLS (INCLUDING 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL) IN AUTO EXHAUST AND TOBACCO SMOKE WERE COLLECTED USING A FRITTED BUBBLER WITH 10 ML 0.12% SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION AND DETERMINED BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY VIA DERIVATIZATION WITH P-NITROBENZENEDIAZONIUM TETRAFLUORIDE IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM AT PH 11.5. THE DETECTION LIMITS OF THE PHENOLS WERE 0.005-2.0 NG.|THE SENSITIVE DETECTION OF PHENOLS REMAINS A PROBLEM IN TOXICOLOGICAL AND PESTICIDAL ANALYSES. 2,3-XYLENOL WAS CONVERTED INTO THE CORRESPONDING BROMOPHENOL BY REACTION WITH BROMINE. THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE AMOUNT OF THE BROMOPHENOLS WITH AN ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR WAS ABOUT 0.01 NG, WHICH IS ABOUT 100 TIMES LESS THAN THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE AMOUNT OF THE NON-BROMINE-CONTAINING PHENOLS.|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH WALL-COATED OPEN TUBULAR GLASS CAPILLARY COLUMNS HAS BECOME THE MOST WIDELY USED METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR MONO- AND DIHYDROXYBENZENES OR PHENOLS (INCLUDING 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL) IN TOBACCO SMOKE AND PYROLYZATES.|THE PHENOLIC FRACTION OF A SRC-II MIDDLE DISTILLATE WAS ISOLATED AND THE INDIVIDUAL PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS (INCLUDING 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL) FURTHER SEPARATED AND IDENTIFIED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY. THIS MIXTURE OF PHENOLS WAS SEPARATED WITH A HIGH RESOLUTION FUSED SILICA CAPILLARY COLUMN WALL COATED WITH SUPEROX-20 M.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A sensitive and reliable procedure is described for the detection of 10 most important phenolic metabolites of benzene, toluene, xylenes and ethylbenzene. The urine was acidified with sulfuric acid and steam distilled was performed on a fused silica capillary (SE 54; 30 m) with FID. 3-Ethylphenol was used as internal standard. For phenol; o-cresol and p-cresol; DL-1- and 2-phenylethanol; 3-methylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethylphenol; 2,4-, 2,3-, 3,4-dimethylphenol, within series relative derivation was 2.3-16.8%. The recovery rates were 89-109%. The detection limit was 0.3 mg/l. ...|A proposed method for simultaneously determining phenol, cresols, xylenol isomers, and naphthols in urine samples utilizing solid phase excretion and capillary gas chromatography was developed.|Phenolic metabolites of inhaled aromatic solvent vapors were liberated by acid hydrolysis of their urinary conjugates. Steam distillation enhanced by salting-out with MgSO4 gave good recoveries. After extractive acetylation, the derivatives of all cresols and xylenols were completely separated on a Se-54 capillary column. The overall recoveries of urinary phenols relative to the internal standard, 3-chlorophenol, were in the range 92-99%.|/Gas chromatographic determination of urinary phenol conjugates after acid hydrolysis/extractive acetylation./ A simple gas chromatographic procedure for determining phenols in urine was developed. ... Using 10 mg/l spikes of phenol, 2-methylphenol, 3-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,5-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 3,5-dimethylphenol, 2,3-dimethylphenol, and 3,4-dimethylphenol yielded recoveries of 94.6 to 98.2%. ...

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