C.I. Acid Black 1

616.49

616.005920

5374263

213-903-1

SZT789770M

DTXSID1020934|DTXSID1024415

Dark-brown powder

32041200

272.67000

7.94080

Dark Brown Powder/Solid

1.05 g/mL at 20 °C

greater than 662 °F (NTP, 1992)

30 °C

H2O: 10 g/L (25 ºC)

Store at RT.

4.85X10-29 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 1.25X10-31 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.75X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Can be explosive when as a dust in air at certain concentrations. Moderately soluble in water.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Explosive

C.I. ACID BLACK 1 may form toxic gases with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. May form flammable gases with alkali metals. Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides. Reacts with iron to give a weaker, greener color (NTP, 1992).

UN 2924 3/PG 3

3

36/37/38-10-34-11-67-36/38

26-36-37/39-45-36/37/39-23-16

QJ6196000

Xi,C,F

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H226-H315-H319-H336

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Certificates issued for the following color additives and all mixtures containing these color additives are canceled and have no effect after October 4, 1966, and use of such color additives in the manufacture of foods, drugs, or cosmetics after that date will result in adulteration: D&C Black No. 1 is included on this list.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H373 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]|P260, P314, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 296 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|Danger|H315 (30.39%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 236 companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

LD50 Mouse oral > 5,000 mg/kg bw

D&C Black No. 1's production and use as a textile and non-textile dye, laboratory stain(1) and hair coloring agent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Acid dyes, such as D&C Black No. 1, typically exhibit very low solubilities in octanol and have water solubilities that exceed 100 g/L. Therefore, these compounds would be expected to remain in the water column in the aquatic environment and show little affinity for organic matter(1). Volatilization of D&C Black No. 1 from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-31 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). D&C Black No. 1 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-29 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). D&C Black No. 1 exhibited <25% elimination after 3 hours and overall <70% elimination in 42 days using an activated sludge inoculum in a modified static test(4), suggesting that biodegradation may be in important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Acid dyes, such as D&C Black No. 1, typically exhibit very low solubilities in octanol and have water solubilities that exceed 100 g/L. Therefore, these compounds would be expected to remain in the water column in the aquatic environment and show little affinity for organic matter(1). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(2) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-31 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.82(5) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). D&C Black No. 1 exhibited <25% elimination after 3 hours and overall <70% elimination in 42 days using an activated sludge inoculum in a modified static test(7), suggesting that biodegradation may be in important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), D&C Black No. 1, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-29 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase D&C Black No. 1 may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). D&C Black No. 1 absorbs light at wavelengths 615.50 nm(3), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acid dyes, such as D&C Black No. 1, readily dissociate in water(1). D&C Black No. 1 absorbs light at wavelengths of 616.50 nm(2), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). D&C Black No 1 has been shown to undergo photodegradation in aqueous solution, confirmed by the production of 1-naphthylamine following irradiation for 40 days at room temperature(3).

Acid dyes, such as D&C Black No. 1, typically exhibit very low solubilities in octanol and have water solubilities that exceed 100 g/L. Therefore, these compounds would be expected to remain in the water column in the aquatic environment and show little affinity for biota(1).

Acid dyes, such as D&C Black No. 1, typically exhibit very low solubilities in octanol and have water solubilities that exceed 100 g/L. Therefore, these compounds would be expected to remain in the water column in the aquatic environment and show little affinity for organic matter(1). The compound was not precipitated using calcium concentrations representative of hard waters in the southeastern Piedmont region of the US(2).

The Henry's Law constant for D&C Black No. 1 is estimated as 1.2X10-31 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that D&C Black No. 1 is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). D&C Black No. 1 is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.85X10-29 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of D&C Black 1 is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 51,898 workers (26,897 of these were female) were potentially exposed to D&C Black No. 1 sodium in the US(1). Occupational exposure to D&C Black No. 1 may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where D&C Black No. 1 is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to D&C Black No. 1 via dermal contact with consumer products containing D&C Black No. 1(SRC).

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 40 hairdressers with known allergy (to 4-phenylenediamine (PPD) and/or 2,5- diaminotoluene sulphate (DTS) and/or 2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine (ONPPD)) were tested with /a 2%/ concentration of Acid Black 1. The patch tests were performed with Van der Bend square chambers. Readings were made 2 and 3 days after application and if necessary on day 4. ... No positive reaction was observed on Acid Black 1 neither at 48 hours nor at 72 hours. ... Acid Black 1 is not an irritant under the reported test conditions.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Patch test concentration range finding study was performed among 10 volunteers. Acid Black 1 (0.2%, 0.6%; 2%) and a representative formulation containing 0.5% Acid Black 1 (1%, 3%, 10%) were prepared in aqua or petrolatum. ... In 10 volunteers no irritant reactions were observed at any of the concentrations. ... Acid Black 1 is not an irritant under the reported test conditions.

Trade names: Black no 401; Naphthalene Black 10B; Amido Black 10B

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|C.I. Acid Black 2: ACTIVE|A CLASS OF DARK BLUE OR BLACK DYES... /NIGROSINES/|SHARK...REPELLENT DEVELOPED BY UNITED STATES NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY...WAS COMPOSED OF 20% COPPER ACETATE...& 80% OF A HIGHLY SOLUBLE AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE OF NIGROSINE DYE... /DERIV OF NIGROSINE/|Color additives were initially regulated in the United States under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Bureau of Chemistry. In 1906, the Food and Drugs Act was passed by Congress, which prohibited the use of poisonous or deleterious colors in confectionery and the coloring or staining of food to conceal damage or inferiority. In 1927, responsibility of the Food and Drugs Act was transferred to FDA. Increasing government oversight, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) was passed in 1938 and established the three following categories for colors: FD&C: colors used in foods, drugs and cosmetics; D&C: colors used in drugs and cosmetics when in contact with mucous membranes or ingested; and Ext. D&C: colors used in products applied externally.

Cosmetics -> Cosmetic colorant; Hair dyeing