Profenofos

373.63

373.63

255-255-2

3018

DTXSID3032464

Pale yellow liquid|Amber color, oily liquid

2930909062

60.8

4.68

Oily Liquid

1.455 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

<25 °C

100 °C @ Press: 0.0135 Torr

124℃

1.553

In water, 28 mg/l @ 25 deg C

APPROX 4°C

1.24×10 -4 Pa (25 °C)

Oral-rat LD50: 400 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 298 mg/kg

Thermal decomposition emits toxic sulfur oxides, phosphorus oxides, bromide and chloride fumes

Garlic-like

166.64 Ų [M+H]+

Hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

III

6.1(b)

3018

3

20/21/22-50/53-24-20/22-43

36/37-60-61-45-9-7

TE6975000

Xn,N,T

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from food materials

Relatively stable under neutral & slightly acidic conditions. Unstable under alkaline conditions.

P261-P273-P280-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P333 + P313

H302 + H312 + H332-H317-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P391, and P501|Danger|H302+H312+H332 (22.62%): Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]|P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P310, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 168 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)

Profenofos was measured in the water of several fish kill incidents(1); in most instances the concn was <1.5 ug/l(1); in one incident on Cane Creek, MS, concns up to 36 ug/l were reported(1).

highly

... Five OP pesticides inhibit 50% of the brain fatty acid amide hydrolysis activity (ED50) at <30 mg/kg 4 hr after ip administration to mice; while inhibition by chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and methamidophos occurs near acutely toxic levels, and profenofos and tribufos are effective at asymptomatic doses. ... Fatty acid amide hydrolysis inhibition of > or =76% in brain depresses movement of mice administered anandamide at 30 mg/kg ip, often leading to limb recumbency. Thus, OP pesticides and related inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolysis potentiate the cannabinoid activity of anandamide in mice.|... Mixtures of atropine with eserine, pyridinium oximes, or the bispyridinium compound SAD-128 increased the LD50 of coadministered profenofos by up to sevenfold in chicks and fourfold in mice. Atropine and the oximes were less effective as profenofos antidotes, indicating that profenofos-inhibited AChE may undergo rapid aging. Brain AChE from chicks poisoned with profenofos was not reactivated by pralidoxime methanesulfonate, although it was from chicks poisoned with the phosphoramidothiolate, methamidophos. Similarly, eel AChE, inhibited in vitro by bioactivated (-)-profenofos, the most toxic isomer, did not reactivate in contrast to that inhibited by methamidophos, nonbioactivated (-)-profenofos, and (+)-profenofos, with or without bioactivation.

LD50 Rat oral 400 mg/kg|LD50 Rat skin 300 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 162 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 700 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PROFENOFOS (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Profenofos' production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide (1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values in soil ranging from 869 to 3,162(2) indicate that profenofos is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of profenofos from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.00X10-7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 28.0 mg/l(3). Profenofos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.00X10-7 mm Hg(3). Profenofos metabolizes rapidly under alkaline aerobic conditions(2). In an alkaline (pH 7.8) soil, propenofos degraded with a half-life of 2 days(2). The rate of metabolism is influenced by chemical hydrolysis and aerobic metabolism in neutral and acid soils is likely to be slower(2). Profenofos also metabolizes rapidly under alkaline anaerobic conditions(2). In alkaline (pH 7.8) soil, profenofos degraded with a half-life of 3 days under anaerobic conditions(2).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values in soil ranging from 869 to 3,162(2), indicate that profenofos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.00X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 28.0 mg/l(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values in fish of 29 (body), 45 (head), and 682 (viscera)(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms moderate to high(SRC). Hydrolysis half-lives of profenofos are 104-108 days, 24-62 days, and 0.33 days for pHs 5, 7, and 9, respectively(2). Profenofos is stable to photolysis in water(2). Profenofos metabolizes rapidly under alkaline aerobic conditions(2). In an alkaline (pH 7.8) soil, profenofos degraded with a half-life of 2 days(2). The rate of metabolism is influenced by chemical hydrolysis and aerobic metabolism under neutral and acid conditions is likely to be slower(2). Profenofos also metabolizes rapidly in alkaline anaerobic conditions(2). In alkaline (pH 7.8) soil, profenofos degraded with a half-life of 3 days under anaerobic conditions(2). The field dissipation half-life for profenofos averaged 9 days (range, 6.3-8 days)(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), profenofos, which has a vapor pressure of 9.00X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase profenofos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.6 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase profenofos may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Profenofos is stable toward direct photolysis(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of profenofos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8.6 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Hydrolysis half-lives of profenofos are 104-108 days, 24-62 days, and 0.33 days for pHs 5, 7, and 9, respectively(2). O-Ethyl-S-propyl phosphorthioate is expected to form in equimolar proportions with 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol. Profenofos is stable to photolysis in water and on soil(2).

BCF values of 29 (body), 45 (head), and 682 (viscera) in fish(1) and 134 in zebrafish(2) were measured for profenofos. According to a classification scheme(3), BCF values of 29 and 45 are moderate and from 134 and 682 are high(SRC).

1.07e+03 L/kg|The Koc values for profenofos range from 869 to 3,162(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that profenofos is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil(SRC). Profenofos has Freundlich values of 4.6 for sand, 7.5 for sandy loam, 17.0 for loam, and 89.3 for clay soil samples(1). Desorption values ranged from 6.2 (sand) to 128.1 (clay)(1). Adsorption generally increased with increasing soil organic matter content, clay content, and cation exchange capacity(1).

The Henry's Law constant for profenofos is estimated as 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 9.00X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 280 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that profenofos is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2).

SURFACE WATERS: Profenofos was detected in 2 lake samples in Arkansas at an avg concn of 0.5 ug/l between the years 1989-1991(1). Between February 1992 and July 1992, the concn of profenofos in different natural waters from the Comunitat Valenciana, Spain ranged from 0.024 to 0.069 ug/ml(2).

Between the years 1987-1989, the concn level of profenofos residues in various vegetables from Thailand was 0.11 mg/kg(1). Between the years 1985-1991, the max concn of profenofos in one of 2,464 samples of apples from the USA was 0.08 ppm(2). In Denmark, profenofos was detected in 1 of 19 samples of spring onions between the years 1995-1996(3). In Egypt in the year 1995, profenofos was detected in 1 of 62 samples of tomatoes at a mean concn of 0.72 mg/kg (range, 0.04-2 mg/kg)(4).

Occupational exposure to profenofos may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where profenofos is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to profenofos near agricultural areas where it is used as a pesticide. (SRC)

... The levels of profenofos in whole blood, urine, and gastric contents were 1200 ng, 350 ng, and 3.35 mg/mL, respectively.

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)

... The levels of profenofos in whole blood, urine, and gastric contents were 1200 ng, 350 ng, and 3.35 mg/mL, respectively.|Rats rapidly excrete 14C-profenofos after oral admin. The predominant metabolic pathway involves stepwise dealkylation & hydrolysis, followed by conjugation.

Non-systemic insecticide & acaricide with contact & stomach action. Exhibits a translaminar effect. Cholinesterase inhibitor.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway control may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Organophosphates and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Administer atropine. Correct hypoxia before giving atropine ... . Administer pralidoxime chloride (2 PAM). USE UNDER DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDERS ONLY ... . Treat seizures with adequate atropinization and correction of hypoxia. Rarely is diazepam necessary ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously and consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organophosphates and related compounds/

Profenofos can cause cholinesterase inhibition in humans; that is, it can ... /stimulate/ the nervous system causing nausea, dizziness, confusion, & at very high exposures (e.g., accidents or major spills), respiratory paralysis & death.|An 88-year-old woman was found dead, and suicidal ingestion of profenofos, an organophosphate pesticide, was suspected. ... The levels of profenofos in whole blood, urine, and gastric contents were 1200 ng, 350 ng, and 3.35 mg/mL, respectively.|An outbreak of food poisoning in which 105 persons from various parts of Singapore were affected was traced to one type of green leafy vegetable (Brassica alboglabra) that had been imported. The clinical symptoms were generally mild and the incubation period short (median 2.5 h). The etiology was confirmed when excessive levels of two organophosphorus pesticides--methamidophos (Tamaron/Monitor; 2.4 ppm-31.7 ppm) and profenofos (Selecron/Curacron; 1.1 ppm-5.4 ppm) were detected in the implicated food, and blood cholinesterase levels of the hospitalized patients were depressed by 26.1%-81.4% based on the lower limit of the reference range.

Curacron

On avg, approx 775,000 lbs of profenofos are applied to 5% of the est 13.8 million acres of cotton grown annually in the USA.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 111401; Trade Names: Curacron, CGA-15324, Selecron, Polycron.|Emulsifiable concentration, ultra low volume (ULV) liquid|Mixture (profenofos +) cypermethrin; deltramethrin

FDA Method 231.1. Organophosphorous Residues General Methods for Fatty Foods Including Extraction of Fat, Acetonitrile Partition, and Florisil Column Cleanup. This method is applicable to fats and oils and to foods containing fat, ie, milk, cheese, fish.|FDA Method 232.1. Organophosphorous Residues General Method for Nonfatty Foods Including Acetonitrile Extraction, Water/Acetonitrile Extraction, Aqueous Acetonitrile to Petroleum Ether Transfer, and Florisil Column Cleanup.|FDA Method 232.3. Organophosphorous Residues General Methods for Nonfatty foods Using Carbon Column Cleanup.|FDA Method 232.4. Organophosphorous Residues General Methods for Nonfatty Foods Using Acetone Extraction and Isolation in Organic Phase.

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|INSECTICIDES