Boron

13.83480

14.03280

231-151-2

N9E3X5056Q

DTXSID3023922

C61481

Polymorphic: alpha-rhombohedral form, clear red crystals; beta-rhombohedral form, black; alpha-tetragonal form, black, opaque crystals with metallic luster; amorphous form, black or dark brown powder; other crystal forms are known but not entirely characterized|Filaments, powder, whiskers, single crystals

2804500010

0

-1.18390

DryPowder; OtherSolid

2.35 g/cm³

2300 °C

2550 °C

H2O: soluble ;soluble in concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids; insoluble in water, alcohol, ether

Store in a cool, dry place. Keep container closed when not in use.

1.56X10-5 atm (0.0119 mm Hg) at 2140 deg C

Atomic number 5; naturally-occurring isotopes: 10,11; three short-lived artificial isotopes: 8,12, 13|Alpha-rhombohedral form, 12 atoms/unit cell; beta-rhombohedral form, 105 atoms/unit cell; alpha-tetragonal form, 50 atoms/unit cell|The alpha-rhombohedral form of boron is the simplest crystal structure with slightly deformed cubic close packing, which degrades at 1200 °C and at 1500 it converts to beta-rhombohedral boron, which is the most thermodynamically stable form.|Crystalline boron is very inert. Low purity, higher temperature, and changes in or lack of crystallinity all increase the chemical reactivity.|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for BORON, ELEMENTAL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Ignition temperature in air is 580 °C.

III

4.1

UN 3178 4

R11

S24/25

ED7350000

Xn; F

Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. May decompose on exposure to air - store under nitrogen. Highly flammable.

P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Reacts vigorously with fused sodium peroxide, or with a fusion mixture of sodium carbonate and potassium nitrate.|When amorphous boron is heated in dry ammonia, the reaction proceeds with incandescence and hydrogen is evolved. Boron ignites in bromine vapor at 700 °C. Boron ignites in chlorine at 410 °C. Fluorine attacks boron at ordinary temperatures, the /resulting/ mass becoming incandescent.|Concentrated nitric acid and boron react so violently that the mass is raised to incandescence.|Amorphous boron ignites when heated in dry nitrous oxide. With nitric oxide, the reaction proceeds with blinding flashes.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for BORON, ELEMENTAL (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nat'l Research Council Canada; Data Sheets on Selected Toxic Elements (1982) NRCC No. 19252|USEPA; Health Advisory for Boron (Draft) (1988)|USEPA/OWRS; Quality Criteria for Water 1986 Boron (1986) EPA 440/5-86-001|DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Boron (1992) ATSDR/TP-91/05|WHO; Environmental Health Criteria Document 204: Boron (1998). Available from http://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html as of May 12, 2005.

|Warning|H302 (96.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 333 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P330, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 7 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]|P260, P264, P270, P309+P311, P405, and P501

Dust ignites spontaneously in air ...

Interaction of powdered boron and steam may become violent at red heat. The highly exothermic reactions with water might become combustive or explosive processes at sufficiently high temperatures and pressures.

... May produce irritation of the nasal mucous membranes, the respiratory tract, and eyes. /Boron compounds/

Boron is a compound that occurs in nature. It is often found combined with other substances to form compounds called borates. Common borate compounds include boric acid, salts of borates, and boron oxide. Several companies in the United States produce most of the world's borates by processing boron compounds. Borates are used mostly to produce glass. They are also used in fire retardants, leather tanning industries, cosmetics, photographic materials, soaps and cleaners, and for high-energy fuel. Some pesticides used for cockroach control and some wood preservatives also contain borates.

IDENTIFICATION: (Elemental boron exists as a solid at room temperature, either as black monoclinic crystals or as a yellow or brown amorphous powder when impure). It is a naturally occurring element that is found in the form of borates in the oceans, sedimentary rocks, coal, shale, and some soils. Boron enters the environment mainly through the weathering of rocks, boric acid volatilization from seawater, and volcanic activity. Boron is also released from anthropogenic sources to a lesser extent. These sources include agricultural, refuse, and fuel wood burning, power generation using coal and oil, glass product manufacture, use of borates/perborates in the home and industry, borate mining/processing, leaching of treated wood/paper, and sewage/sludge disposal. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Only a few human studies have been conducted to assess health effects associated with exposure to boron compounds. The available data show that exposure is associated with short-term irritant effects on the upper respiratory tract, nasopharynx, and eye. These effects, however, appear to be short-term and reversible. The sole long-term (7-year) follow-up study failed to identify any long-term health effects. No studies have been identified that assess reproductive outcomes. Based on the lack of human data and the limited animal data, boron is not classifiable as to its human carcinogenicity. ANIMAL STUDIES: Data regarding developmental and reproductive toxicity show that lower fetal body weight in rats is the critical effect. As dose level increases, the effects seen include: further rib effects and testicular pathology in the rat, decreased fetal body weight and increased fetal cardiovascular malformations in the rabbit, and severe testicular pathology in the rat; testicular atrophy and sterility in the rat; reduced fetal body weight in the mouse. Animal studies on mice and rats showed no evidence of carcinogenicity of boric acid. /Boron and Boron compounds/

...In the earth's crust about 0.001% in form of its compounds, never as the element.

The use and production of boron and boron compounds in products such as fiberglass, soaps, detergents, enamels, frits, glazes, and fire retardants, and their use in industries such as agriculture, metallurgy, chemical synthesis, and in nuclear applications(1-5) may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) (See all compounds classified as Trace Elements.)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressing after decontamination ... . /Boron and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Boron and related compounds/|Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if nescessary. treat coma, seizures, hypotension, and renal failure if they occur. There is no specific antidote. Administer activated charcoal (although boric acid is not well absorbed). Consider gastric lavage for large ingestions. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/|Hemodialysis is effective and is indicated after massive ingestions and for supportive care of renal failure. Peritoneal dialysishas not proved effective in enhancing elimination in infants. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for BORON, ELEMENTAL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Elemental boron is not considered to be a poison ...

Boron

Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Developmental (effects during periods when organs are developing)

Products with purity of 87-99.8% /are available/|Grades: Technical (90-92%); 99% pure; high-purity crystals

Primary metal manufacturing|Boron: ACTIVE

Analysis detection limit: spectrophotometry 0.003 mg boron/l (rosacyanin). /Total boron/|Atomic absorption detection limit 2 mg boron/l|Colorimetry (automated; carminic acid) detection limit 0.02 mg boron/l.|Spark-source mass spectrometry detection limit 0.01 ng Boron.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for BORON, ELEMENTAL (31 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemical Classes -> Inorganic substances