Barium chromate

253.32

253.82500

233-660-5

7D7O9CF0IX

1607

1564

DTXSID1051517

Heavy, pale-yellow crystalline powder|Yellow heavy monoclinic orthorhombic crystals|Greenish-yellow crystals|Crystallizes as light yellow transparent rhombic crystals

80.3

-0.47520

Yellow Powder

4.50 g/cm³

210 °C (dec.)(lit.)

Insoluble in water. soluble in strong acids.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place.

sce-ham:ovr 100 mg/L MUREAV 156,219,85

Thermal decomposition of toxic barium oxide and chromium oxide

Used in pyrotechnics and as an explosive initiator.

Odorless

... hexavalent chromium compounds are acidic

Dissolves readily in acids|Dissolved or decomposed by mineral acids

III

5.1

UN 1479 5.1/PG 2

3

49-8-20/22-43-50/53

53-36/37-45-60-61-28

CQ8760000

O,T,N,Xn

Ventilated, low temperature and dry; store it separately from raw materials and reducing agents in the warehouse

Reacts violently with reducing agent

Stable. Oxidizer. May react vigorously with reducing agents.

P210-P220-P221-P261-P301 + P312 + P330-P370 + P378

H272-H302 + H332

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D007, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Chromium/|Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Biological Treatment. /Chromium/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for BARIUM CHROMATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Incompatible materials: Reducing agents, Hydrazine, mineral acids|Reacts vigorously with reducing materials.|Combustible, organic, or other readily oxidizable materials (paper, wood, sulfur, aluminum, plastics, etc.); corrosive to metals. /Chromic acid and chromates/|Hydrazine is decomposed explosively by chromates and chromic anhydride. /Chromates/

USEPA; Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium (Draft) (1985) TR-540-60F

Not combustible.

|Danger|H272 (15.61%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P201, P202, P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 487 companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P201, P202, P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P330, P370+P378, P405, and P501|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P201, P202, P261, P272, P280, P281, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P308+P313, P321, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P405, and P501

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for BARIUM CHROMATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used in pyrotechnics and as an explosive initiator.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Use water spray to cool unopened containers.|/When fire fighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus, with a full facepiece, operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Chromic acid & chromates/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|Cr(VI) cmpd in waste sludge are completely removed by redn by carbon at 600 °C. /Chromium VI/|Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed. If chromic acid or chromates are spilled, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquid containing chromic acid or chromates should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /Chromic acid and chromates/

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BARIUM CHROMATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For UN3171, if Lithium ion batteries are involved, also consult GUIDE 147. /Barium compound, n.o.s./|/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Barium compound, n.o.s./|/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Barium compound, n.o.s./|/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Barium compound, n.o.s./|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BARIUM CHROMATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Barium compounds, not otherwise specified is included on the dangerous goods list. /Barium compounds, not otherwise specified/|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Barium compounds, not otherwise specified is included on the dangerous goods list. /Barium compounds, not otherwise specified/

Chromic acid mist & chromate dusts may cause severe irritation of the nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and lung. /Chromic acid mist & chromate dusts/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Chromium metal and insoluble salts, as Cr/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(II) compounds, as Cr/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(III) compounds, as Cr/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 Acceptable Ceiling Concentration: 1 mg/10 cu m. /Chromic acid and chromates (as CrO3)/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 8-hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.5 mg Cr/cu m. /Chromium metal, chromium(II) and chromium(III) compounds/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 8-hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.0002 mg Cr(VI)/cu m. NIOSH considers all Cr(VI) compounds (including chromic acid, tert-butyl chromate, zinc chromate, and chromyl chloride) to be potential occupational carcinogens. /All hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI) compounds/|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /Chromic acid and chromates/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong reducing agents and food and feedstuffs.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause nasal ulceration. This may result in perforation of the nasal septum. The substance may have effects on the kidneys. This may result in kidney impairment. This substance is carcinogenic to humans.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles.

... Substances for which a Federal Register notice has been published that included consideration of the serious health effects, including cancer, from ambient air exposure to the substance. Chromium is included on this list. /Chromium/|Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Chromium compounds is included on this list. /Chromium compounds/

D005; A waste containing barium (such as barium chromate) may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.|D007; A waste containing chromium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Chromium/

D005; A solid waste containing barium (such as barium chromate) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.|D007; A solid waste containing chromium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Chromium/

highly toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Barium chromate is a heavy, pale-yellow crystalline powder. It is used as pigment, almost entirely in anticorrosion jointing pastes, to prevent electro-chemical corrosion at junctions of dissimilar metals; some use in artists' colors and in coloring glass, ceramics, porcelain. Also used in metal primers, pyrotechnic compositions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Barium chromate is cytotoxic and genotoxic to human lung cells. Genotoxicity may not be solely mediated by Cr ions, but also involve some clastogenic activity of barium ions. The clastogenic effects of barium chromate and zinc chromate were similar. ANIMAL STUDIES: No implantation site tumors were seen in 35 rats given intramuscular implantation of 25 mg barium chromate or in their controls; no implantation tumors were observed in 34 rats given intramuscular implants and observed for 27 months; controls were also negative. Thirty-one rats implanted with intrapleural barium chromate revealed only one tumor in treated rats and none in the 34 control rats. Barium chromate produced a significant level of mutations in a transgenic, V79-derived, mammalian cell line (G12).

Barium chromate was found to exist in hashemite crystals in host rocks found in the country of Jordan. The hashemite crystals are not composed of pure barium chromate but instead contain some small sulfur content as well(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,546 workers (1,984 of these are female) were potentially exposed to barium chromate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to barium chromate may occur through inhalation of dust and particulates and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where barium chromate is produced or used(2).

Elimination of chromium from mice within 48 hr after intratracheal admin of barium chromate was only 12% of the dose. Among hexavalent chromium cmpd, barium chromate showed a low absorption rate near that of trivalent chromium cmpd. The biological half-time was 18 days. The amt of chromium distributed in the body was moderate. Chromium excretion was greater in feces than in urine ... .

The biological half-time in mice was 18 days.

Chlorides, 0.05% max; water soluble matter, 0.05% max; and volatile matter 0.10% max

Carcinogens

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/GENOTOXICITY/ Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are widely accepted as human lung carcinogens. However, there have been few investigations of the genotoxicity of Cr(VI) in human lung cells. Moreover, our knowledge of the effects of Cr(VI) in human lung cells is further limited because the available data generally focus on the effects of only lead chromate (PbCrO(4)) and sodium chromate (Na(2)CrO(4)). To fully understand these carcinogenic compounds, the genotoxic effects to its target cells need to be evaluated for additional Cr(VI) salts. Accordingly, we investigated the cytotoxicity and clastogenicity of barium chromate (BC) in a human lung cell culture model (WTHBF-6 cells). We found that BC induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in WTHBF-6 cells, with relative survival of 88%, 74%, 67%, 12%, 3%, and 0.1% after exposure to 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 ug/sq cm BC, respectively. Similarly, the amount of chromosomal damage also increased with concentration after a 24-hr exposure. Specifically, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 ug/sq cm BaCrO(4) damaged 5%, 9%, 22%, and 49% of metaphase cells, with the total damage reaching 5, 10, 28, and 65 aberrations per 100 metaphases, respectively. Concentrations of 1 and 5 ug/sq cm BC induced a profound cell cycle delay, and no metaphases were observed. The spectrum of damage included chromatid and chromosome-type lesions consistent with mechanistic events associated with the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Overall the data indicate that BC is cytotoxic and genotoxic to human lung cells.|/GENOTOXICITY/ Particulate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are well-established human lung carcinogens. However, their carcinogenic mechanisms are poorly understood as most investigators have used soluble Cr(VI) compounds. Recent work from our laboratory has found that barium chromate (BC) is also cytotoxic and clastogenic. To understand how BC relates to existing data on other particulate Cr(VI) compounds, we compared its cytotoxicity and clastogenicity with lead chromate (LC), which has been used as a prototypical particulate Cr(VI) compound, in WTHBF-6 cells, a near-normal human lung cell line. We found that BC is a more potent cytotoxicant, inducing 67%, 12%, 3%, and 0% relative survival at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 ug/sq cm, respectively, while LC induced 90%, 71%, 43%, and 15% survival at these same concentrations. We found that BC was also more clastogenic, damaging 22% and 49% of metaphase cells at 0.1 and 0.5 ug/sq cm, and causing complete cell cycle arrest at 1 and 5 ug/sq cm. By contrast, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ug/sq cm LC damaged 10%, 27%, and 37% of metaphase cells, respectively, and complete cell cycle arrest was not observed until a concentration of 5 ug/sq cm was reached. We found that BC and LC both partially dissolved in complete medium in the presence of cells, producing similar extracellular concentrations. Both compounds were also comparable with respect to particle uptake and the amount of intracellular Cr ions. Considering previous reports showing that lead ions were inactive and that sodium chromate and LC have similar clastogenic potencies, these data suggest that BC genotoxicity may not be solely mediated by Cr ions, but also involve some clastogenic activity of barium ions.|/GENOTOXICITY/ Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are well-established human lung carcinogens. Solubility plays an important role in their carcinogenicity with the particulate Cr(VI) compounds being the most carcinogenic. Epidemiology and animal studies suggest that zinc chromate is the most potent particulate Cr(VI) compound; however, there are few comparative data to support these observations. The purpose of this study was to compare the genotoxicity of zinc chromate with two other particulate Cr(VI) compounds, barium chromate and lead chromate, and one soluble Cr(VI) compound, sodium chromate /in human bronchial cells/. The clastogenic effects of barium chromate and zinc chromate were similar, but lead chromate induced significantly less damage. The levels of DNA damage measured by gamma-H2A.X foci formation were similar for the three particulate chromium compounds. Corrected for chromium uptake differences, we found that zinc chromate and barium chromate were the most cytotoxic, and lead chromate and sodium chromate were less cytotoxic. Zinc chromate was more clastogenic than all other chromium compounds, and lead chromate was the least clastogenic. There was no significant difference between any of the compounds for the induction of DNA double strand breaks. All together, these data suggest that the difference in the carcinogenic potency of zinc chromate over the other chromium compounds is not due solely to a difference in chromium ion uptake and that the zinc cation may in fact have an important role in its carcinogenicity.

barium chromate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Grade: Technical; CP.|98.5% min|-80 mesh, 99.5% purity grade; 99% grade

Paint and coating manufacturing|Chromic acid (H2CrO4), barium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens