α-Cypermethrin

416.3

416.30

257-842-9

DTXSID7041201

Viscous yellowish brown semisolid mass.|Colorless crystals

118.64000

6.27

YELLOW VISCOUS LIQUID-TO-PASTE WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

1.28 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

78-81 °C

200 °C @ Press: 0.07 Torr

100 °C

1.622

0.01 mg l -1 (25 °C)

−20°C

2.3×10 -7 Pa (20 °C)

Oral-Rat LD50: 79 mg/kg

Flammable; burning produces toxic chloride and nitrogen oxide gases

Odorless

White to pale powder; weak aromatic odor. /Technical grade/

III

6.1(b)

UN 2810 6.1/PG 3

3

20/22-37-50/53-48/22-25

24-36/37/39-60-61-45

GZ1250000

Xn,N,T

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273-P301 + P310 + P330-P391-P501

H301-H335-H373-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Incineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed with large amounts of combustible material and contact with the smoke should be avoided. /Pyrethrin products/

Incompatibility: Strong oxidizers. /Pyrethrins/|... Incompatible with lime & ordinary soaps because acids & alkalies speed up processes of hydrolysis. /Pyrethrins/

Miyamoto J; Environ Health Perspect 14: 15-28 (1976). Degradation, metabolism, and toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids.|Miyamoto J, et al; Pure Appl Chem 53: 1967-2022 (1981). The chemistry, metabolism, and residue analysis of synthetic pyrethroids.|Hutson DH; Progress in Drug Metabolism 3: 215-252 (1979). The metabolic fate of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in mammals.|Gammon DW; Fundam Appl Toxicol (5) 1: 9-23 (1985). Correlations between in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of pyrethroid insecticide action.|For more Special Reports (Complete) data for ALPHACYPERMETHRIN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P340, P312, P314, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P314, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 276 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P405, and P501

Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where /pyrethroids/ ... may contact the eyes. /Pyrethroids/|Employees should be provided with and be required to use impervious clothing, gloves, and face shields (eight-inch minimum). /Pyrethroids/|Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Repeated or prolonged skin contact. /Pyrethrum and pyrethrins/|Wear eye protection to prevent: Reasonable probability of eye contact. /Pyrethrins/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ALPHACYPERMETHRIN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Use carbon dioxide, foam, or dry chemical /on fires involving pyrethroids/. /Pyrethrum/|Fire-fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Pyrethrum/|Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /Pyrethrins/

Spillages of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: these should be removed by vacuum cleaning, or by dissolving them in water, or other solvent in the factory environment. /Pesticides/

Skin that becomes contaminated with /pyrethrum/ should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water. /Pyrethrum/|Clothing contaminated with /pyrethrum/ should be placed in closed containers for storage until provision is made for the removal of /pyrethrum/ from the clothing. /Pyrethrum/|Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail or need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. /Pyrethrum/|Employees who handle /pyrethrum/ ... should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Pyrethrum/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ALPHACYPERMETHRIN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediately irritating to the eye. /Pyrethrins/|The chief effect from exposure ... is skin rash particularly on moist areas of the skin. ... May irritate the eyes. /Pyrethroids/

highly toxic

IDENTIFICATION: Alpha-cypermethrin is a highly active pyrethroid insecticide, effective against a wide range of pests encountered in agriculture and animal husbandry. It is supplied as emulsifiable concentrate, ultra-low-volume formulation, suspension concentrate and in mixtures with other insecticides. The technical product is a crystalline powder with good solubility in acetone, cyclohexanone and xylene, but its solubility in water is low. It is stable under acidic and neutral conditions. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Exposure of the general population to alpha-cypermethrin is negligible, provided its use follows good agricultural practice. With good work practices, hygiene measures, and safety precautions, the use of alpha-cypermethrin is unlikely to present a hazard to those occupationally exposed to it. The occurrence of "facial sensations" is an indication of exposure. Under these circumstances work practices should be reviewed. ANIMAL STUDIES: Alpha-cypermethrin has moderate to high acute oral toxicity to rodents. Acute oral exposure results in clinical signs associated with central nervous system activity. Technical alpha-cypermetrhrin has been reported to be minimally irritating to rabbit skin. Some formulations cause severe eye irritations. In guinea-pigs, alpha-cypermethrin caused stimulation of sensory nerve-endings in the skin. An oral study in rats demonstrated that alpha-cypermethrin induces neurotoxicity due to histopathological alterations of the tibial and sciatic nerves, axonal degeneration and increased beta-galactosidase activity. No data are available on long-term toxicity, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, or carcinogenicity. From the available data on alpha-cypermethrin, it can be concluded that this compound is non-mutagenic in tests with Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and in vivo and in vitro tests with rat liver cells for the induction of chromosome aberration and production of DNA single-strand damage. Alpha-cypermethrin is highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates, fish, and bees.

/Pyrethroid/ detoxification ... important in flies, may be delayed by the addition of synergists ... organophosphates or carbamates ... to guarantee a lethal effect. ... /Pyrethroid/|Piperonyl butoxide potentiates /insecticidal activity/ of pyrethrins by inhibiting the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for pyrethrins' metab in arthropods. When piperonyl butoxide is combined with pyrethrins, the insecticidal activity of the latter drug is increased 2-12 times /Pyrethrins/|At dietary level of 1000 ppm pyrethrins & 10000 ppm piperonyl butoxide ... /enlargement, margination, & cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells of rats/ were well developed in only 8 days, but ... were not maximal. Changes were proportional to dosage & similar to those produced by DDT. Effects of the 2 ... were additive. /Pyrethrins/

LD50 Rat oral 79-400 mg/kg (in corn oil, value depending on concentration), 474 mg tech./kg|LD50 Rat percutaneous > 2000 mg tech./kg|LD50 Rabbit percutaneous >2000 mg tech./kg

Alphacypermethrin's former(2) production and use as an insecticide and as a component of cypermethrin(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 142,000(SRC), determined from an measured log Kow of 6.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that alphacypermethrin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of alphacypermethrin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.73X10-7 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 0.01 mg/l(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Alphacypermethrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). The pyrethroid class of insecticides is readily degraded by environmental microorganisms(4,5) and based upon its structure, alphacypermethrin is also expected to readily biodegrade(4,5). Aerobic batch enrichment cultures (with permethrin-containing effluent and soil samples, and sewage sludge) were able to transform alphacypermethrin at concn of 50 mg/l in the presence of Tween 80 (0.05% vol/vol) with a half-life of 7 to 14 days(6). Alphacypermethrin did not degrade in the sterile control after 28 days(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 142,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 6.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that alphacypermethrin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.73X10-7 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 0.01 mg/l(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 and 65 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 125 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 990(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). However, bioconcentration studies on compounds which are structurally similar suggest that bioconcentration may be lower than that indicated by the regression-derived equations due to the ability of aquatic organisms to readily metabolize this class of compounds(7). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 6.12 l/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(8); this corresponds to half-lives of 36 and 4 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(8). The pyrethroid class of insecticides is readily degraded by environmental microorganisms(9,10) and based upon its structure, alphacypermethrin is also expected to readily biodegrade(9,10). Aerobic batch enrichment cultures (with permethrin-containing effluent and soil samples, and sewage sludge) were able to transform alphacypermethrin at concn of 50 mg/l in the presence of Tween 80(0.05% vol/vol) with a half-life of 7 to 14 days(11). Alphacypermethrin did not degrade in the sterile control after 28 days(11).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), alphacypermethrin, which has a vapor pressure of 1.73X10-7 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase alphacypermethrin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.14X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase alphacypermethrin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 49 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.32X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase alphacypermethrin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of alphacypermethrin with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.14X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 6.12 l/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 36 and 4 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Pyrethrins, such as alphacypermethrin, undergo rapid photodecomposition in the environment(3).

338.84|An estimated BCF of 990 was calculated for alphacypermethrin(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). However, bioconcentration studies on compounds which are structurally similar suggest that bioconcentration may be lower than that indicated by the regression-derived equations due to the ability of aquatic organisms to readily metabolize this class of compounds(4).

The Koc of alphacypermethrin is estimated as 142,000(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 6.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that alphacypermethrin is expected to be immobile mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for alphacypermethrin is estimated as 9.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 1.73X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.01 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that alphacypermethrin is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 65 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 125 years if adsorption is considered(3). Alphacypermethrin's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Alphacypermethrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Occupational exposure to alphacypermethrin may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where alphacypermethrin was produced or used. The general population may have been exposed to alphacypermethrin via dermal contact with insecticides containing alphacypermethrin. (SRC)

Pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide are used for topical treatment of pediculosis(lice infestations). Combinations of pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide are not effective for treatment of scabies (mite infestations). Although there are no well-controlled comparative studies, many clinicians consider 1% lindane to be pediculicide of choice. However, some clinicians recommend use of pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide, esp in infants, young children, & pregnant or lactating women ... . If used correctly, 1-3 treatments ... are usually 100% effective ... Oil based (eg, petroleum distillate) combinations ... produce the quickest results. ... For treatment of pediculosis, enough gel, shampoo, or solution ... should be applied to cover affected hairy & adjacent areas ... After 10 min, hair is ... washed thoroughly ... treatment should be repeated after 7-10 days to kill any newly hatched lice. /Pyrethrins/

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)

1. Dose excretion studies with cypermethrin (as a 1:1 cis/trans mixture) and alphacypermethrin (one of the two disasteroisomer pairs which constitute cis-cypermethrin) were out with, in each case, two volunteers per dose level. The studies included (a) single oral alphacypermethrin doses of 0.25 mg, 0.50 mg and 0.75 mg followed by repeated alphacypermethrin doses at the same levels, daily for five days, (b) repeated oral cypermethrin doses of 0.25 mg, 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg daily for five days, and (c) a single dermal application of 25 mg cypermethrin to the forearm. Urine was monitored for the free and conjugated 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid before and after dosing. 2. Metabolism and rate of excretion of a single oral dose of alphacypermethrin was similar to that of cis cypermethrin, on average, 43% of the dose was excreted as the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid in the first 24 hr urine. There was no increase in urinary metabolite excretion when alphacypermethrin was administered as a repeated oral dose. Subjects excreted, on average, 49% of the dose as the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid in the subsequent 24 hr periods after dosing. 3. There was no increase in the urinary cyclopropanecarboxylic acid excretion when cypermethrin was administered as a repeated oral dose. Subjects excreted, on average, 72% of the trans isomer dose and 45% of the cis isomer dose respectively in the subsequent 24 hr periods after dosing. 4. Approximately 0.1% of the applied dermal dose of 25 mg cypermethrin was excreted within 72 hr as the urinary cyclopropanecarboxylic acid. No conclusions can be drawn from such urinary excretion data as to the concentration of cypermethrin and its metabolites in the skin or other organs, or the possibility of other routes of metabolism or excretion.|/PYRETHROIDS/ READILY PENETRATE INSECT CUTICLE AS SHOWN BY TOPICAL LD50 TO PERIPLANETA (COCKROACH) ... /PYRETHROIDS/|WHEN RADIOACTIVE PYRETHROID IS ADMIN ORALLY TO MAMMALS, IT IS ABSORBED FROM INTESTINAL TRACT OF THE ANIMALS & DISTRIBUTED IN EVERY TISSUE EXAMINED. EXCRETION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN RATS ADMIN TRANS-ISOMER: DOSAGE: 500 MG/KG; INTERVAL 20 DAYS; URINE 36%; FECES 64%; TOTAL 100%. /PYRETHROIDS/|Pyrethrins are absorbed through intact skin when applied topically. When animals were exposed to aerosols of pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide being released into the air, little or none of the combination was systemically absorbed. /Pyrethrins/|Although limited absorption may account for the low toxicity of some pyrethroids, rapid biodegradation by mammalian liver enzymes (ester hydrolysis and oxidation) is probably the major factor responsible. Most pyrethroid metabolites are promptly excreted, at least in part, by the kidney. /Pyrethroids/

The metabolic pathways for the breakdown of the pyrethroids vary little between mammalian species but vary somewhat with structure. ... Essentially, pyrethrum and allethrin are broken down mainly by oxidation of the isobutenyl side chain of the acid moiety and of the unsaturated side chain of the alcohol moiety with ester hydrolysis playing and important part, whereas for the other pyrethroids ester hydrolysis predominates. /Pyrethrum and pyrethroids/|The relative resistance of mammals to the pyrethroids is almost wholly attributable to their ability to hydrolyze the pyrethroids rapidly to their inactive acid & alcohol components, since direct injection into the mammalian CNS leads to a susceptibility similar to that seen in insects. Some additional resistance of homeothermic organisms can also be attributed to the negative temperature coefficient of action of the pyrethroids, which are thus less toxic at mammalian body temperatures, but the major effect is metabolic. Metabolic disposal of the pyrethroids is very rapid, which means that toxicity is high by the iv route, moderate by slower oral absorption, & often unmeasureably low by dermal absorption. /Pyrethroids/|FASTEST BREAKDOWN IS SEEN WITH PRIMARY ALCOHOL ESTERS OF TRANS-SUBSTITUTED ACIDS SINCE THEY UNDERGO RAPID HYDROLYTIC & OXIDATIVE ATTACK. FOR ALL SECONDARY ALCOHOL ESTERS & FOR PRIMARY ALCOHOL CIS-SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATES, OXIDATIVE ATTACK IS PREDOMINANT. /PYRETHROIDS/|Pyrethrins are reportedly inactivated in the GI tract following ingestion. In animals, pyrethrins are rapidly metabolized to water soluble, inactive compounds. /Pyrethrins/|Synthetic pyrethroids are generally metabolized in mammals through ester hydrolysis, oxidation, and conjugation, and there is no tendency to accumulate in tissues. In the environment, synthetic pyrethroids are fairly rapidly degraded in soil and in plants. Ester hydrolysis and oxidation at various sites on the molecule are the major degradation processes. /Synthetic pyrethroids/

5.01 Days

The synthetic pyrethroids delay closure of the sodium channel, resulting in a sodium tail current that is characterized by a slow influx of sodium during the end of depolarization. Apparently the pyrethroid molecule holds the activation gate in the open position. Pyrethroids with an alpha-cyano group (e.g., fenvalerate) produce more prolonged sodium tail currents than do other pyrethroids (e.g., permethrin, bioresmethrin). The former group of pyrethroids causes more cutaneous sensations than the latter. /Synthetic pyrethroids/|Interaction with sodium channels is not the only mechanism of action proposed for the pyrethroids. Their effects on the CNS have led various workers to suggest actions via antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, modulation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, enhancement of noradrenaline release, or actions on calcium ions. Since neurotransmitter specific pharmacological agents offer only poor or partical protection against poisoning, it is unlikely that one of these effects represents the primary mechanism of action of the pyrethroids, & most neurotransmitter release is secondary to incr sodium entry. /Pyrethroids/|The symptoms of pyrethrin poisoning follow the typical pattern ... : (1) excitation, (2) convulsions, (3) paralysis, and (4) death. The effects of pyrethrins on the insect nervous system closely resemble those of DDT, but are apparently much less persistent. Regular, rhythmic, and spontaneous nerve discharges have been observed in insect and crustacean nerve-muscle preparations poisoned with pyrethrins. The primary target of pyrethrins seems to be the ganglia of the insect central nervous system although some pyrethrin-poisoning effect can be observed in isolated legs. /Pyrethrins/|Electrophysiologically, pyrethrins cause repetitive discharges and conduction block. /Pyrethrins/|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for ALPHACYPERMETHRIN (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No specific antidote known. Symptomatic treatment.|Treatment is supportive, and most casual exposures require only decontamination. Topical vitamin E may ameliorate the paresthesias that accompany contact with synthetic pyrethroids containing an alpha-cyano group (e.g., fenvalerate, cypermethrin, flucythrinate). /Synthetic pyrethroids/|The additives (e.g. petroleum distillate), when present, represent a greater toxic threat to the patient than the active ingredient itself. ... Emesis should not be induced when petroleum distillate additives are present. ... The alert person with an intact gag reflex & a sublethal pyrethrum ingestion without other toxic constituents may have emesis induced by ipecac, followed by a saline cathartic & slurry of activated charcoal. ... Pulmonary & allergic sequelae are treated symptomatically with airway maintenance, oxygen, & ventilatory assistance as required. Standard drugs and management protocols may be used for treatment of bronchospasm & anaphylaxis. Seizures are treated with diazepam. /Pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids/|Skin decontamination. Wash skin promptly with soap and water ... . If irritant or paresthetic effects occur, obtain treatment by a physician. Because volatilization of pyrethroids apparently accounts for paresthesia affecting the face, strenuous measures should be taken (ventilation, protective face mask and hood) to avoid vapor contact with the face and eyes. Vitamin E oil preparations (dL-alpha tocopheryl acetate) are uniquely effective in preventing and stopping the paresthetic reaction. They are safe for application to the skin under field conditions. Corn oil is somewhat effective, but possible side effects with continuing use make it less suitable. Vaseline is less effective than corn oil. Zinc oxide actually worsens the reaction. /Pyrethroids/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for ALPHACYPERMETHRIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Contact allergy from pyrethroids ... has not been observed. /Pyrethroids/|The allergenic properties of pyrethroids /with early pyrethrum preparations/ are marked in comparison with other pesticides. Many cases of contact dermatitis and respiratory allergy have been reported. Persons sensitive to ragweed pollen are particularly prone to such reactions. Preparations containing synthetic pyrethroids are less likely to cause allergic reactions than are the preparations made from pyrethrum powder. /Pyrethroids/|Pyrethroids are not cholinesterase inhibitors. /Pyrethroids/|Some pyrethroid (eg, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, flucythrinate, and cypermethrin) may cause a transient itching and/or burning sensation in exposed human skin. /Synthetic pyrethroids/|The clinical manifestations of inhalation exposure to pyrethrins can be local or systemic. Localized reactors confined to the upper respiratory tract include rhinitis, sneezing, scratchy throat, oral mucosal edema, and even laryngeal mucosal edema. Localized reaction of the lower respiratory tract include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain. An asthmalike reaction occurs with acute exposures in sensitized patients. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis characterized by chest pain, cough, dyspnea, & bronchospasm may occur in an individual chronically exposed. /Pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids/

alpha-cypermethrin

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 209600; Trade Names: FMC 45497, NRDC 160, Fastac, Bestox.|Formulation types: emulsifiable concentrate; wettable powder; suspension concentrate, ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, tablet|Tech. grade alpha-cypermethrin is >90% pure m/m, typically >95%.|Mixtures: (alphacypermethrin +) monocrotophos; dimethoate; chlorofenvinphos|Flowables; ultra-low volume liquid (concn varies by country); other formulations may be developed for specific local use.

Non-phytotoxic when used as directed.|/Pyrethroids/ are modern synthetic insecticides similar chemically to natural pyrethrins, but modified to increase stability in the natural environment. /Pyrethroids/|Not currently registered /in the USA/.

Analysis of residues: by gas liquid chromatography with electron capture detector.|AOAC Method 982.02. Pyrethrins in pesticide formulations are analyzed using gas chromatography quipped with FID. Average recovery is 98% with a precision of 0.0044 -0.011. /Pyrethrins/|... Liquid chromatography method has been developed to quantitate pyrethrins in pesticide formulations. ... Detection was monitored at 240 nm. ... Percent coefficients of variation ranged from 1.39 to 9.68 with the majority less than 5.00. ... /Pyrethrins/|Pyrethrins were detected in soils by gas chromatography after extraction with hexane. /Pyrethrins/|Low level pyrethrin formulations are extracted with tetrahydrofuran and determined via capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. ... Analysis of 5 formulations gave an average standard deviation of 3.3%. /Pyrethrins/

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|Veterinary Drug -> INSECTICIDE; -> JECFA Functional Classes

Veterinary Drug -> INSECTICIDE;