Sulfuryl chloride

134.97

134.97

232-245-6

JD26K0R3J1

0198

1834

DTXSID6029707

Colorless, mobile liquid

28121099

42.5

1.2

Clear colorless to yellow Liquid

1.6674 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-54.1 °C

69.3 °C

69.1°C

1.443

Solubility in water: reaction.Miscible with benzene, toluene, chloroform, ether, carbon tetrachloride and glacial acetic acid.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, alcohols, amines, peroxides, metals, and water.

100 mm Hg ( 17.8 °C)

4.7 (vs air)

Toxic hydrogen chloride and sulfide gas will be emitted in contact with water; toxic sulfide and chloride fumes will be generated when heated

Very pungent odor

Dipole moment: 1.86 debyes; Trouton constant: 20.7|With ice cold water it forms hydrate, SO2Cl2.15H2O, resembling camphor in appearance|CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/CU M= 0.2 PPM, 1 PPM= 5.5 MG/CU M @ 25 °C, 760 MM HG|Critical pressure at 25 °C: 134 J/(mol.K) (liquid); 77 J/(mol.K) (gas)|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for SULFURYL CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fumes in air. Reacts with moist air to give strongly acidic mists that are heavier than air. Decomposes slowly in water to give hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid [Handling Chemicals Safely p. 881 1980]. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 8.7 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

SULFURYL CHLORIDE reacts exothermically with water. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, amines. Reacts violently with bases. Attacks many metals. Can react explosively with lead dioxide [Mellor 10:676 1946-47]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

The vapour is heavier than air.

27.95 kJ/mol

Critical temperature: 269-276 °C

I

8

UN 2927 6.1/PG 2

2

34-40-14-37-67

26-45-36/37-36/37/39

WT4870000

C

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from alkalis and food additives

Reacts violently with water. Incompatible with acids, alcohols, bases, metals, amines, moisture.

P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H314

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, eye protection and, if necessary, a self-contained breathing apparatus. Cover the spill with a 1:1:1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite) and sand. When the sulfuryl chloride has been absorbed, scoop the mixture into a plastic pail of cold water. Allow to stand for 24 hr. Test the pH of the solution and neutralize if necessary with sodium carbonate. Decant the solution to the drain flushing with 50 times its volume of water. Treat the solid residue as normal refuse.

Sulfuryl chloride reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. ...|Reaction with alkalies may be explosively violent.|In absence of diluent or other effective control of reaction rate, the /dimethyl/ sulfoxide reacts violently or explosively with ... sulfuryl chloride ... /This/ violent reaction is explained in terms of exothermic polymerization of formaldehyde produced under a variety of conditions by interaction of the sulfoxide with reactive halides, acidic or basic reagents.|Interaction /of dinitrogen pentaoxide and sulfuryl chloride/ is explosively violent.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for SULFURYL CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

BG Chemie; Toxikological Bewertung. Sulfurylchlorid Nr. 179 (CAS Nr. 7791-25-5). ISSN 0937-4248. p. 14 (June 2000) is a review of the toxicological literature sponsored by BG Chemie. Copies in German or English are available upon request from the company or from a search of the company website (www.bgchemie.de).|European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Sulfuryl Chloride (CAS # 7791-25-5) contains a review of information on toxicology and use patters submitted to the European Union by industry as of 2000.

Behavior in Fire: Toxic and irritating gases are generated. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible.|Corrosives, Reactive - 2nd degree

|Danger|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 510 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1834 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Chemical goggles and face shield; mask with acid-type canister; rubber gloves and boots. (USCG, 1999)|It should be handled under max degree of enclosure & workers should be provided with personal protective equipment & respiratory protective equipment. /Sulfur chloride/|Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.|Personnel protection: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.

Not combustible ...

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. Do not use water if the sulfuryl chloride has been released.|If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Corrosive. Water reactive.

Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|If material involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Do not use water on material itself. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.|Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases|/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SULFURYL CHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

... Vapors are extremely irritating to the eyes ...

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong bases. Dry.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the respiratory tract. Exposure could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

The acute toxicity of sulfuryl chloride following inhalation is high. In male Sprague-Dawley rats with head-only exposure to vapor a 4 h-LC50 of 878 mg/m3 was calculated. Clinical signs included nasal discharge and eye irritation. In humans, pulmonary edema of delayed onset has been reported after inhalation of sulfuryl chloride vapor. Sulfuryl chloride hydrolyzes slowly in moist air and reacts violently with water, forming chlorosulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Due to this hydrolytic reaction, sulfuryl chloride is corrosive to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Studies with sulfuryl chloride concerning sensitizing properties are not available. The hydrolysis products sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid gave no indication for a sensitizing potential in humans and experimental animals. From a 14-day inhalation study with sulfuryl chloride in rats, a NOAEC could not be derived, since pneumonitis was still observed at the lowest exposure level of 17 mg/m3. The reported effects are in line with all other evidence regarding the chemical and biological properties, i.e. corrosivity of sulfuryl chloride and its hydrolysis products hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and chlorosulfonic acid. Studies performed with sulfuric acid gave LOAECs in the range of 0.3 mg/m3, the LOAEC found in a 90-day study with hydrochloric acid was 15 mg/m3. All findings were confined to the site of first contact and can be explained by the irritating/corrosive properties of the acid. Sulfuryl chloride as well as the hydrolysis products hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid are all classified as corrosive and hydrochloric acid and chlorosulfonic acid are classified as irritant to the respiratory tract. No primary systemic effects were reported. Sulfuryl chloride did not show mutagenic activity in Ames tests with Salmonella typhimurium. A slight mutagenic activity was observed in only one tester strain without metabolic activation. However, this result was found to be not reproducible in further tests. As sulfuryl chloride decomposes to acids, the resulting change in pH may induce genotoxic effects such as chromosomal aberrations and other DNA damage in vitro and in vivo at the portal-ofentry. No carcinogenicity studies with sulfuryl chloride were identified. The hydrolysis products hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid gave no clear indications for an increased tumor incidence after life-time exposure in laboratory animals. Studies with sulfuryl chloride concerning effects on fertility and development were not available and there were also no data on fertility effects for the hydrolysis products sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Concerning developmental toxicity, the hydrolysis product sulfuric acid gave no indication for adverse effects in mice and rabbits after exposure via inhalation. Because sulfuryl chloride is a toxicant acting at the portal-of-entry, and because it is unlikely to reach the reproductive organs or the embryo/fetus, toxicity to reproduction or developmental toxicity in mammals are not likely to occur following exposure to sulfuryl chloride by any route. In humans, several epidemiological studies have suggested a relationship between exposure to strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid and an increased incidence of laryngeal cancer. IARC (1992) has concluded that occupational exposure to strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid is carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). Concerns have been raised that confounding factors could not be fully excluded. The effects might be a secondary finding to be expected after prolonged exposure to strong acid due to the cytotoxicity and consequent stimulus to increased cell proliferation.

LC50 Rat, female, inhalation (1 hr) = 242 ppm (1330 mg/cu m)|LC50 Rat, male, inhalation (1 hr) = 131 ppm (720 mg/cu m)|LD50 Rat, male, Sprague-Dawley, inhalation (4 hr) = 878 mg/cu m /(159 ppm)/ (sulfuryl chloride vapor, purity 100%)

Persons with pulmonary diseases

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,256 workers (657 of these are female) are potentially exposed to sulfuryl chloride in the US(1).

Vapors cause severe irritation of eyes and respiratory system. Liquid burns eyes and skin. If ingested, can cause severe burns of mouth and stomach. (USCG, 1999)

Call a doctor. INHALATION: remove to fresh air; administer artificial respiration if required. INGESTION: give water or milk; do NOT induce vomiting. EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min. SKIN: wash with large amounts of water. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /It is/ ... corrosive liquid which in contact with the body can cause burns; vapor is a respiratory irritant.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Corrosive. Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful if absorbed through skin or inhaled. Symptoms of overexposure include burning, coughing, wheezing, headache, nausea, vomiting, respiratory inflammation, spasm, pulmonary edema, death.[Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 13 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2002., p. 49-140]|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Vapors are corrosive to human skin & mucous membranes.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Corrosive: human. Liquid sulfuryl chloride as well as vapors of sulfuryl chloride are corrosive to skin and mucous membranes.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SULFURYL CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ClSO2Cl

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Loss of vision. Severe deep burns.

Grade: Technical..

Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing|Sulfuryl chloride: ACTIVE

Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Reactive - 2nd degree