What are the natural anti-radiation food ingredients?

Radioprotective agents, also known as anti-radiation agents, refer to compounds used before or immediately after irradiation that can reduce the damage caused by ionizing radiation to the whole body or part, and contribute to treatment and rehabilitation.

Radioprotective agents generally work in the initial stage of radiation damage, such as reducing the large number of free radicals induced by radiation in the body, reducing the oxygen effect of radiation damage, protecting radiation-sensitive biological macromolecules (such as DNA, protein), etc., or Using as soon as possible after irradiation can also reduce the radiation damage that has been caused. Studies have shown that some oils, proteins and peptides, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols and saponins have radioprotective effects.

Grease

Grease, especially vegetable oil, has a significant anti-radiation effect

Recent studies have shown that fats, especially vegetable oils, have significant anti-radiation effects. For example, black seed oil can significantly inhibit the reduction of hemolysin antibody titer, the delay of hypersensitivity reaction, the reduction of plasma total protein and globulin concentration after irradiation, significantly reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the plasma valley. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Ganoderma spore oil gavage intervention in irradiated mice can significantly increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells (WBC), bone marrow DNA content, red blood cell and liver SOD activity in irradiated mice, and significantly reduce bone marrow cells at higher ganoderma spore oil doses Micronucleus rate. As the gavage dose increased, the micronucleus rate of bone marrow cells in mice showed a downward trend, while the number of WBC, bone marrow cell DNA content, red blood cell and liver SOD activity showed an upward trend.

In addition, tomato seed oil is also a promising radioprotectant, and its radiation protection ability is related to its phytosterols, pulitols and Antioxidants (including lycopene, β-carotene, lutein and tocopherol). . Grape seed oil, camellia oil and coix seed oil also showed strong radiation protection.

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides mainly exert their radiation protection effects by repairing the red blood cells and white blood cells and other hematopoietic cells of the body damaged by radiation, enhancing the body's immune function, scavenging free radicals, and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition to ginseng polysaccharides, common polysaccharides with anti-radiation effects include lentinan, astragalus polysaccharide, and angelica polysaccharide.

Studies have found that angelica polysaccharides can reduce the expression of mutant P53 genes, effectively inhibit mouse cell apoptosis caused by X-ray irradiation, and can also resist cell oxidative damage. The water-extracted polysaccharides of angelica obtained by extraction with hot water at 80 ℃ have a positive effect on 60Coγ Radiation irradiated mice's WBC, lymphocyte number recovery and weight recovery all have a promoting effect.

Fucoidan can effectively inhibit the spleen damage of irradiated mice, and inhibit the reduction of the number of bone marrow nucleated cells, hematopoietic stem cells and WBC.

Astragalus polysaccharides can protect the liver damage of irradiated mice, and significantly reduce the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase and the expression level of NF-KB.

Ginseng acid polysaccharides can reduce radiation-induced apoptosis in the small intestine of mice by inhibiting p53-dependent pathways and mitochondrial/cas-pase pathways. Therefore, acid polysaccharides are a potential radioprotectant and can be used in radiotherapy (such as cancer treatment) During the prevention of intestinal cell damage caused by radiation.

Proteins and peptides

Recent studies have shown that a variety of proteins and peptides have good radiation protection functions

Some scholars used angelica protein to intervene mice in advance for 3 consecutive days before X-ray irradiation, which can effectively increase the number of WBC, spleen and thymus index, spleen colony forming unit and splenic CAT activity of irradiated mice, and improve splenic white pulp damage and weight loss. Pre-irradiation with phycocyanin gavage intervention, found that phycocyanin can significantly increase the activity of SOD and GSH-PX in plasma and liver of mice after irradiation, reduce plasma and liver MDA levels, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS ), reduce the oxidative damage caused by X-rays to the body of mice, and have a better protective effect on radiation damage. Animal experiments have proved that metallothionein can alleviate the oxidative damage and carcinogenesis of mouse DNA caused by X-ray irradiation, and protect the bone marrow damage caused by low-dose X-rays. In addition, ginseng oligopeptides, collagen peptides, walnut oligopeptides and other biologically active peptides have the effect of resisting radiation damage. The mechanism is related to enhancing the body's ability to scavenge free radicals and reducing oxidative damage caused by ionizing radiation.

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Vitamins A, c, E and Selenium are recognized antioxidants, which can function as radioprotective agents by blocking the spread of chain reactions caused by free radicals.

Dissolving dietary vitamin A in soybean oil can protect against biological effects caused by internal radiation of radionuclides;

The radionuclide iodine-131 is used in the treatment of thyroid cancer, and vitamin C can reduce the breakage of chromosomes by scavenging free radicals, and protect the radionuclide iodine-131 from internal radiation damage;

Vitamin E alone or in combination with WR-3689 can increase the survival rate of mice after radiation, and can help reduce enteritis caused by radiation in rats.

Selenium, in the form of selenoprotein, can be used as an antioxidant to protect the body from free damage. High-dose supplementation of selenium in the diet can reduce the free radical damage of the rat kidney caused by radiation. The natural form of vitamin E can induce the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and NADPH quinone oxygen reductase, and resist the formation of DNA double-stranded molecules and cytogenetic changes.

Polyphenols

Polyphenolic compounds include flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins. They are a mixture of aromatic rings and hydroxyl groups. They contain phenolic hydroxyl groups in structure, so they are easily oxidized and can scavenge ROS free radicals in the body. .

The radiation protection mechanism of polyphenols is to protect the degeneration of lymphocytes, protect the immune organs of mice from damage to the thymus and spleen, and increase the antioxidant enzymes in mice such as SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH). -Px) vitality, reduce the content of MDA.

Flavonoids can protect against radiation by indirect methods such as scavenging free radicals and anti-oxidation, protecting genetic material in cells, enhancing the immune function of the body, and enhancing the vitality of hematopoietic tissues. A variety of flavonoids in nature have obvious anti-radiation effects, such as Astragalus sinensis flavonoids, Ginkgo biloba flavonoids, total propolis flavonoids, soybean isoflavones, genistein and so on. Bioflavonoids extracted from grapefruit can protect chromosomes from radiation damage, and propolis and its related flavonoids can protect whole-body irradiated mice from radiation damage.

Procyanidins and catechins can increase the number of WBC, mouse spleen index, and DNA content of bone marrow cells in mice irradiated by gamma rays, reduce the micronucleus rate of irradiated mice, and have obvious protective effects on mice from radiation damage.

Hesperidin can accelerate the clearance of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in mouse skin cells after acute ultraviolet radiation, and has a significant photoprotective effect on mouse skin.

Resveratrol can promote the recovery of spermatogenic function damage in rat testis caused by 60Coγ-ray irradiation, reduce the levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in irradiated rats, and increase the levels of testosterone and testicular tissue mRNA and protein.

Tea polyphenols can play a role in resisting radiation damage by preventing DNA double-strand breaks and cell membrane damage, and enhancing the activity of SOD and other antioxidant enzymes.

Saponins

The common saponins with anti-radiation damage are mainly ginsenosides and soya saponins. The mechanism is mainly to reduce the hematopoietic system damage and chromosome damage caused by rays, promote the recovery of hematopoietic function and DNA repair, and alleviate the decline of immunity caused by radiation to play a role in radiation protection. The total saponins of ginseng can inhibit the P450 enzymes in the liver of rats, reduce the damage caused by radiation, and maintain the homeostasis of the rats. Using alfalfa saponins to intervene in mice, it was found that the WBC, red blood cell and platelet counts and bone marrow nucleated cell content of irradiated mice were significantly increased, thereby stabilizing the hematopoietic system, and by enhancing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px to remove free radicals and reduce Damage to the immune organs of mice, thereby exerting a significant anti-radiation effect.

As nuclear energy and nuclear technology are widely used in energy, medical, military, food processing and agricultural breeding and other aspects of national defense and people's livelihood, the problem of radiation protection has become increasingly prominent.

In addition to nuclear radiation, there are many other radiation sources in life, such as microwave ovens, mobile phones, computers and other household appliances. Excessive radiation exposure to the human body may lead to fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, etc., in severe cases, it can also increase the incidence of cancer, aberrations, and genetic diseases. Although chemical and biological radiation protection drugs have good anti-radiation effects, they have many limitations such as high toxicity and many adverse reactions. People are eager to develop low-toxic, even non-toxic, and can be used to protect against radiation damage. Natural medicine or functional food.

Therefore, the research and development of new, safe and effective functional foods related to radiation protection has become the focus of the work of researchers. Up to now, in the list of health foods issued by the State Food and Drug Administration, a total of 89 anti-radiation related health care products have been approved. food.