Introduction To Heart Failure And Kidney Failure

Knowing and understanding heart failure and kidney failure can improve one's quality of life. Now let's learn about heart failure and kidney failure！

Heart failure definition

Heart failure refers to a syndrome in which cardiac output is reduced due to primary heart damage and cannot meet the needs of tissue metabolism under the condition of normal venous return. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by congestion of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation and insufficient tissue blood perfusion, also known as congestive heart failure, which is often the end stage of heart disease caused by various etiologies.

Classification

1. According to the speed of development of heart failure, it can be divided into two types: acute and chronic, with the majority being chronic. Left heart failure is more common in acute cases, mainly manifested as acute pulmonary edema.

2. According to the location of heart failure, it can be divided into left heart, right heart and whole heart failure. Left heart failure is characterized by pulmonary circulation congestion; right heart failure is mainly manifested by systemic circulation congestion.

3. Systolic or diastolic heart failure.

4. According to the presence or absence of symptoms, it can be divided into asymptomatic heart failure and congestive heart failure.

Symptom

The most typical symptoms of heart failure are dyspnea of varying degrees, aggravated by activities. Serious person sits breath, cough and accompany a lot of white velvet pink foam phlegm, appetite drops, double lower limbs dropsy and so on. The manifestations of early heart failure are not typical. Some patients will experience shortness of breath during more vigorous activities, chest tightness and shortness of breath when going upstairs, which can be relieved after rest. Some people have suffocation and chest tightness after falling asleep at night, and they need to use several pillows to make them comfortable. Every night, the lower limbs are swollen, fatigued, dizzy, and memory loss.

Measure

1. Patients with mild heart failure need to limit physical activity, and patients with severe heart failure are mainly on bed rest. After the improvement of cardiac function, patients should be appropriate to get out of bed activities, so as to avoid lower limb thrombosis and lung infection.

2. To reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, it is advisable to eat a small amount of food frequently, and appropriately control the total daily food intake. It is advisable to use a low-salt diet, and the daily salt should not exceed 5 grams; avoid salt-preserved food and salt-containing roasted seeds and nuts. In heart failure, due to gastrointestinal congestion and low digestive function, it is easy to cause abdominal distension. If you eat too much and the stomach is full, it is easy to cause diaphragmatic spasm and affect the heart and lung function. Therefore, the dietary principle of heart failure patients is easy to digest, Light semi-liquid or soft food is the main thing, and eat small and frequent meals.

3. Take the medicine strictly according to the doctor's order, and do not change the usage and dosage of the medicine at will, especially when taking diuretics and digoxin, so as to avoid adverse consequences.

4. If you have a cold, diarrhea, fever or changes in your condition, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Kidney failure definition

kidney failure is simply renal insufficiency, which is a pathological state of partial or total loss of renal function caused by various reasons.

Classification

According to the speed of its onset, it is divided into two types: acute and chronic. Acute renal failure is the loss of excretory function of both kidneys in a short period of time due to a variety of diseases, referred to as acute renal failure. Chronic renal failure is a syndrome composed of a group of clinical symptoms that appear in the advanced stage of chronic kidney disease caused by various etiologies. Chronic renal failure is divided into 4 stages according to the degree of renal damage: ① The renal reserve function is decreased, and the patient is asymptomatic. ② renal insufficiency compensation period. ③ In the stage of renal decompensation, patients have fatigue, loss of appetite and anemia. ④ uremia stage, there are symptoms of uremia.

Symptom

1. Physical discomfort: Due to the continuous accumulation of toxins and wastes in the body, the patient may feel unwell all over. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, poor sleep at night, loss of appetite, itching and fatigue.

2. Edema: Some patients will experience edema. Decreased urine output and frequent urination (especially at night). Hand, foot and ankle edema. Other symptoms include shortness of breath and swelling around the eyes.

3. Anemia: Due to damage to kidney function, the body cannot produce enough hormones to make red blood cells, resulting in anemia. People with anemia often feel cold and tired.

4. Other symptoms: hematuria (tawny or blood red), high blood pressure, foamy urine, diarrhea, extreme thirst, disturbed sleep, or lethargy, decreased libido.

Measure

1. Treatment for the cause, such as volume expansion to correct prerenal factors, release of postrenal obstructive factors, severe acutely progressive or other glomerulonephritis with hormone shock can be effective, allergic interstitial nephritis should immediately stop the drug, give anti-allergic medicine, etc.

2. Carry out dialysis therapy as soon as possible, which has the functions of dehydration, removal of toxins, correction of electrolyte disorders and acid-base balance disorders, so that patients can survive the difficulty of oliguria. During the polyuria period, water and electrolyte balance should be strictly monitored to prevent death from dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. During the recovery period, it is very important to strengthen nutrition, rest and avoid the use of nephrotoxic drugs.

Conclusion

There is a strong link between heart failure and kidney failure, and neither should be ignored. If the symptoms of heart failure and kidney failure must be promptly treated，do not let heart failure and kidney failure to harm themselves.