Changing New Face in Coal Sea of Jiangnan

In 2018, the output of coal in Guizhou Province reached 142 million tons, ranking the fifth in the country, 473 times that in 1949; the total installed capacity of power generation was 60.78 million kilowatts, 20,000 times that in 1949; and the output of power generation was 211.7 billion kilowatt hours, 30,000 times that in 1949. As one of the pillar industries in Guizhou, coal has become more and more dazzling in the changing times. The latest data show that the prospective reserves of coal resources in Guizhou are about 258.8 billion tons and the reserves of reserves are 73.358 billion tons, ranking fifth in the country.

As an inland province without borders and seas, coal reserves are so abundant that they undoubtedly become the endogenous driving force for Guizhou's economic development. But in the early period of liberation, the coal industry in Guizhou was devastated and depressed.

In 1949, the coal output of Guizhou Province was only 300,000 tons; the installed capacity of power generation was 3,030 kilowatt-hours, and the generating capacity was 7.22 million kilowatt-hours, which accounted for 0.16% and 0.17% of the national total, respectively. At that time, Zhudong Coal Mine was the largest coal enterprise in Guizhou, with an annual output of only 24,000 tons. Wang Xueshun, 62 years old, still has a clear memory of that year's Zhudong Coal Mine. His father was working in the Zhudong Coal Mine at that time: "My father is a small worker, responsible for handling and transportation."

According to Wang Xueshun, there were thousands of workers at the peak of the Zhudong Coal Mine, both native Guizhou and northerners who fled the fighting.

"At that time, the production conditions were very poor, there were few safety measures, and accidents often happened." Wang Xueshun said that shoulder-to-shoulder carrying is the main way to transport coal, and workers depend on the most primitive way of working to support their families.

On November 15, 1949, Guiyang was liberated, and the Guiyang Military Control Commission took over the Zhudong Coal Mine. In 1951, Wengjing Coal Mine, the first local state-owned coal mine in Guizhou Province, was built. The Zunyi Special Administration took over private small coal mines and set up the Zunyi Coal Mine. The No. 1 Coal Mine produced 50,000 tons per year, which was the largest mine in the province at that time. In 1958, the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Coal Industry decided to focus on the development of Liuzhi coalfield in Guizhou and the expansion of Lindong mining area. After the two projects were included in the national "2nd Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Coal Industry mobilized more than 30,000 people from Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu and Fushun, Kailuan, Chongqing and other provinces to form a construction team to Guizhou, and soon completed the preliminary work of the two projects. During this period, 44 new coal mines were built in Guizhou Province, with a total annual design capacity of 5.29 million tons, and the coal industry in Guizhou has taken shape

"Three-line Construction" is a major strategic decision made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao Zedong in the mid-1960s. It was a strategic adjustment of shifting the distribution of productive forces from east to West in order to strengthen the war readiness and gradually change the distribution of productive forces under the increasingly tense international situation at that time. The focus of construction was in the southwest and northwest.

In 1964, according to the needs of "three-line construction" and "preparation for famine", the state decided to build Liupanshui coal base matching Panzhihua Iron and Steel Base in Sichuan Province. In a short period of more than one year, the State has drawn 28 engineering offices and 8 geological exploration teams from 15 provinces and 25 Mining bureaus into Guizhou, with a total number of more than 100,000 newly recruited workers and external system support personnel. The construction of Liupanshui Coal Base reached its climax in 1966. In that year, 12 pairs of mines were started, with a total designed annual output of 9.85 million tons.

Workers from all over the world are full of fighting spirit and energy. The construction of main Adit in Datong Mine has reached a national record of 360 meters per month, the construction of vertical shaft in Laoyingshan Mine has reached a national record of 105.5 meters per month, and the construction of inclined shaft in Wangjiazhai Coal Mine has reached a national record of 220 meters per month. On April 24, 1970, the first coalmine car from Yemazhai Station in Shuicheng Mining Area drove to Panzhihua Iron and Steel Base in Sichuan Province, and Liupanshui Coal Base began to play a supporting role with Pangang. Song Fulin, 85 years old, was one of the "third-line constructors" of the year. "I arrived in Guizhou from Liaoning in February 1966. First by train, then by car, and finally by foot for tens of kilometers, the total distance is thousands of kilometers. The mining area at that time was a barren hill. Song Fulin said. As the former Secretary and director of the Party Committee of Panjiang Mining Bureau, Song Fulin and his colleagues have contributed their lifelong energy to the construction of Guizhou mining area.

"At that time, there was not even a decent drawing. Everyone works with their feet on mud, against wind and rain, and shoulder to shoulder. They live in tents and eat dry food. They can't eat fresh vegetables for ten and a half days. Song Fulin said, "Despite the harsh conditions, we are holding back our efforts to build a good country and a good mining area as soon as possible." Panjiang Mining Area is an important coking coal base in the south of the Yangtze River with abundant coal species and excellent coal quality. It has the advantages of "producing good coal and producing more coal". From 1965 to 1975, the construction of Panjiang Mining Area reached its climax. Huoshangpu, Yueliangtian, Shanjiaoshu, Laowuji and other large mines have been completed and put into operation. However, with the large-scale transfer of coal mine infrastructure team, many problems have not been solved, such as the low level of mining area design, low production efficiency, coal production can not come out, nor can it be transported out. Song Fulin recalled.

It is reported that Guizhou has waged a great battle for mine construction in the form of battles. While Liupanshui mining area was built in the wild mountains, geological exploration, design and construction, mining and washing were also built.