Atherosclerosis obliterans is a degenerative disease and a basic pathological process of large and medium-sized arteries. It is mainly characterized by abnormal deposition of cells, fibrous matrix, lipids and tissue fragments, and complex pathological changes in the process of proliferation of the intima or middle layer of the artery. Among peripheral vascular diseases, arterial stenosis, occlusion or aneurysmal lesions are almost all caused by arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesions are generally systemic diseases, which are prone to certain large and medium-sized arteries, such as the lower segment of the abdominal aorta, iliac artery, femoral artery and popliteal artery, and rarely involve the arteries of the upper limbs. The diseased arteries thicken and harden, accompanied by atherosclerotic plaques and calcification, and can be followed by thrombosis, resulting in stenosis or occlusion of the arterial lumen and ischemic symptoms in the limbs. The affected limbs have clinical manifestations such as coldness, numbness, pain, intermittent claudication, and ulcers or necrosis of the toes or feet. Sometimes the stenotic or occlusive lesions are segmental and multi-planar, often occurring at the bifurcation origin and posterior wall of the lumen of the artery, and the curvature of the main artery is also commonly involved. There is often a patent outflow tract distal to the lesion.