Tuberculosis of kidney plays an important role in urogenital tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of other organs of the urogenital system is mostly secondary to renal tuberculosis. Therefore, urogenital tuberculosis should be considered as part of systemic tuberculosis, and tuberculosis of a certain organ of the urogenital system should also be considered as part of the whole systemic tuberculosis. When Mycobacterium tuberculosis invades the kidney, it first forms lesions in the capillary plexus of both kidneys, but does not produce clinical symptoms. Most lesions heal due to the enhanced resistance of the body. This is called pathological renal tuberculosis. If the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis invading the kidney is large, the toxicity is strong, and the body's resistance is low, it can invade the renal medulla and renal papilla, causing clinical symptoms. This is called clinical renal tuberculosis.