Indication: 1. Type Ⅰ diabetes; 2. Type Ⅱ diabetes with severe infection, trauma, major surgery and other severe stress situations, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, kidney or retinal diseases; 3. Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma; 4. Long-term type Ⅱ diabetes with indeed low plasma insulin levels, which are not satisfactorily controlled by reasonable diet, physical activity and oral hypoglycemic drugs, and type Ⅱ diabetes with contraindications to oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as pregnancy and breastfeeding; 5. Adult or elderly diabetic patients with acute onset, significant weight loss and obvious emaciation; 6. Gestational diabetes; 7. Diabetes secondary to severe pancreatic disease; 8. For severe malnutrition, emaciation, intractable vomiting during pregnancy, and early stage of cirrhosis, glucose and small doses of insulin can be given intravenously at the same time to promote tissue utilization of glucose.