Acute renal failure (ARF) in the elderly refers to the rapid loss of renal function due to various reasons, which may be reversed if properly treated. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of medical technologies such as dialysis, intravenous hypernutrition, and antibiotics, the treatment of ARF has improved significantly. However, its mortality rate remains as high as 50% to 70%. One of the main reasons may be the increase in the proportion of elderly patients in ARF patients and the increase in the number of elderly patients undergoing complex surgical operations. Studies have shown that among elderly patients with multiple organ failure, the mortality rate of those with renal failure is significantly increased. Therefore, in recent years, ARF in the elderly has attracted more and more attention.