CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE HYDROCHLORIDE _- chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride_capsule, gelatin coated

Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride has antianxiety, sedative, appetite-stimulating and weak analgesic actions. The precise mechanism of action is not known. The drug blocks EEG arousal from stimulation of the brain stem reticular formation. It takes several hours for peak blood levels to be reached and the half-life of the drug is between 24 and 48 hours. After the drug is discontinued plasma levels decline slowly over a period of several days. Chlordiazepoxide is excreted in the urine, with 1% to 2% unchanged and 3% to 6% as conjugate. Animal Pharmacology: The drug has been studied extensively in many species of animals and these studies are suggestive of action on the limbic system of the brain, which recent evidence indicates is involved in emotional responses. Hostile monkeys were made tame by oral drug doses which did not cause sedation. Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride revealed a “taming” action with the elimination of fear and aggression. The taming effect of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride was further demonstrated in rats made vicious by lesions in the septal area of the brain. The drug dosage which effectively blocked the vicious reaction was well below the dose which caused sedation in these animals. The LD 50 Effects on Reproduction: Reproduction studies in rats fed 10, 20 and 80 mg/kg daily and bred through one or two matings showed no congenital anomalies, nor were there adverse effects on lactation of the dams or growth of the newborn. However, in another study at 100 mg/kg daily there was noted a significant decrease in the fertilization rate and a marked decrease in the viability and body weight of offspring which may be attributable to sedative activity, thus resulting in lack of interest in mating and lessened maternal nursing and care of the young. One neonate in each of the first and second matings in the rat reproduction study at the 100 mg/kg dose exhibited major skeletal defects. Further studies are in progress to determine the significance of these findings.

Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride Capsule is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. The effectiveness of Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride Capsule in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.

Because of the wide range of clinical indications for Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride Capsule the optimum dosage varies with the diagnosis and response of the individual patient. The dosage, therefore, should be individualized for maximum beneficial effects. ADULTS USUAL DAILY DOSE Relief of Mild and Moderate Anxiety Disorders 5 mg or 10 mg, 3 or 4 times daily Relief of Severe Anxiety 20 mg or 25 mg, 3 or 4 times daily Geriatric Patients, or in the presence of debilitating 5 mg, 2 to 4 times daily Preoperative Apprehension and Anxiety: PEDIATRIC PATIENTS USUAL DAILY DOSE Because of the varied response of pediatric patients to CNS-acting drugs, therapy should be initiated with the lowest dose and increased as required. Since clinical experience in pediatric patients under 6 years of age is limited, the use of the drug in this age group is not recommended. 5 mg, 2 to 4 times daily (may be For the relief of withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, the parenteral form* is usually used initially. If the drug is administered orally, the suggested initial dose is 50 to 100 mg, to be followed by repeated doses as needed until agitation is controlled - up to 300 mg per day. Dosage should then be reduced to maintenance levels. *See package insert for Injectable. Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride.

The necessity of discontinuing therapy because of undesirable effects has been rare. Drowsiness, ataxia and confusion have been reported in some patients - particularly the elderly and debilitated. While these effects can be avoided in almost all instances by proper dosage adjustment, they have occasionally been observed at the lower dosage ranges. In a few instances syncope has been reported. Other adverse reactions reported during therapy include isolated instances of skin eruptions, edema, minor menstrual irregularities, nausea and constipation, extra pyramidal symptoms, as well as increased and decreased libido. Such side effects have been infrequent, and are generally controlled with reduction of dosage. Changes in EEG patterns (low-voltage fast activity) have been observed in patients during and after Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride treatment. Blood dyscrasias (including agranulocytosis), jaundice and hepatic dysfunction have occasionally been reported during therapy. When Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride treatment is protracted, periodic blood counts and liver function tests are advisable. drugsafety@avkare.com

Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride Capsule is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug.

WARNINGS
Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a vehicle or operating machinery. Similarly, it may impair mental alertness in children. The concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants may have an additive effect. PATIENTS SHOULD BE WARNED ACCORDINGLY. Usage in Pregnancy: An increased risk of congenital malformations associated with the use of minor tranquilizers (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and meprobamate) during the first trimester of pregnancy has been suggested in several studies. Because use of these drugs is rarely a matter of urgency, their use during this period should almost always be avoided. The possibility that a woman of childbearing potential may be pregnant at the time of institution of therapy should be considered. Patients should be advised that if they become pregnant during therapy or intend to become pregnant they should communicate with their physicians about the desirability of discontinuing the drug. Withdrawal symptoms of the barbiturate type have occurred after the discontinuation of benzodiazepines. (See DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
OVERDOSAGE
Manifestations of Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride overdosage include somnolence, confusion, coma and diminished reflexes. Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored, as in all cases of drug overdosage, although, in general, these effects have been minimal following Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride overdosage. General supportive measures should be employed, along with immediate gastric lavage. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of Levophedregistered (norepinephrine) or Aramine (metaraminol). Dialysis is of limited value. There have been occasional reports of excitation in patients following chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride overdosage; if this occurs barbiturates should not be used. As with the management of intentional overdosage with any drug, it should be borne in mind that multiple agents may have been ingested. Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airway, ventilation and intravenous access. Flumazenil is intended as an adjunct to, not as a substitute for, proper management of benzodiazepine overdose. Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored for resedation, respiratory depression and other residual benzodiazepine effects for an appropriate period after treatment. The prescriber should be aware of a risk of seizure in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in longterm benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose. The complete flumazenil package insert, including CONTRAINDICATIONS WARNINGS PRECAUTIONS
MEDICATION GUIDE
MEDICATION GUIDE Chlordiazepoxide (KLOR-dye-AZ-e-POX-ide) Hydrochloride Capsules, C-IV What is the most important information I should know about chlordiazepoxide? Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine medicine. Taking benzodiazepines with opioid medicines, alcohol, or other central nervous system depressants (including street drugs) can cause severe drowsiness, breathing problems (respiratory depression), coma and death. Chlordiazepoxide can make you sleepy or dizzy, and can slow your thinking and motor skills. oDo not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how chlordiazepoxide affects you. oDo not drink alcohol or take other drugs that may make you sleepy or dizzy while taking chlordiazepoxide without first talking to your healthcare provider. When taken with alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or dizziness, chlordiazepoxide may make your sleepiness or dizziness much worse. Do not take more chlordiazepoxide than prescribed. What is chlordiazepoxide? Chlordiazepoxide is a prescription medicine used: oto treat anxiety disorders ofor the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety oto treat withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism opreoperatively to treat apprehension and anxiety Chlordiazepoxide is a federal controlled substance (C-IV) because it can be abused or lead to dependence. It is not known if chlordiazepoxide is safe and effective in children under 6 years of age. It is not known if chlordiazepoxide is safe and effective for use for longer than 4 months. Do not take See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride capsules. Before you take chlordiazepoxide, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: have or have had depression, mood problems, or suicidal thoughts or behavior have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or addiction have liver or kidney problems are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Chlordiazepoxide may harm your unborn baby. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you should take chlordiazepoxide while you are pregnant are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Chlordiazepoxide may pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you take chlordiazepoxide. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, Taking chlordiazepoxide with certain other medicines can cause side effects or affect how well chlordiazepoxide or the other medicines work. Do not start or stop other medicines without talking to your healthcare provider. How should I take chlordiazepoxide? Take chlordiazepoxide exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it. Your healthcare provider will tell you how much chlordiazepoxide to take and when to take it. If you take too much chlordiazepoxide, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. What should I avoid while taking chlordiazepoxide? Chlordiazepoxide can cause you to be drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate heavy machinery until you know how chlordiazepoxide affects you. You should not drink alcohol while taking chlordiazepoxide. Drinking alcohol can increase your chances of having serious side effects. What are the possible side effects of chlordiazepoxide? Chlordiazepoxide may cause serious side effects, including: See “What is the most important information I should know about chlordiazepoxide?” Abuse and dependence. Withdrawal symptoms. The most common side effects of chlordiazepoxide include: drowsiness loss of control of body movements (ataxia) confusion These are not all the possible side effects of chlordiazepoxide. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store chlordiazepoxide? Store chlordiazepoxide at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Keep chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride capsules in a tightly closed container and out of the light. Keep chlordiazepoxide and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of chlordiazepoxide. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use chlordiazepoxide for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give chlordiazepoxide to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about chlordiazepoxide that is written for health professionals. What are the ingredients in chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride capsules? Active ingredient: Inactive ingredients: This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Issued: 8/2016

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