High Standard EP White Powder Piracetam CAS 7491-74-9 Nootropics supplement

Piracetam More Info

Piracetam is a nootropic drug belonging to the racetam family, chemically known as 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA but does not act on GABA receptors directly. Instead, piracetam modulates multiple neurotransmitter systems including cholinergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic pathways, contributing to its cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective effects.

Mechanism of Action

Piracetam’s mechanism is multifaceted and not fully elucidated. It is known to:
Interact with phospholipid membranes, improving membrane fluidity and stability, which supports normal membrane protein function such as receptor binding and ion transport. This effect may counteract membrane disorganization caused by neurotoxic agents like beta-amyloid peptides.
Positively modulate AMPA receptors (weakly) and influence NMDA glutamate receptors, enhancing synaptic plasticity and memory processes.
Increase acetylcholine neurotransmission via muscarinic receptors, important for cognition.
Affect ion channels (Na⁺, K⁺, and inhibit N-type Ca²⁺ channels), increasing neuronal excitability and oxygen consumption, and boosting mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.
Reduce erythrocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium, improve microcirculation, decrease platelet aggregation, and lower plasma fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor levels, which may enhance blood flow and reduce vascular complications.

Clinical Uses

Piracetam has documented efficacy or is used in:
Cognitive disorders including dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Vertigo and cortical myoclonus
Dyslexia and learning disorders
Sickle cell anemia to improve microcirculation
Raynaud’s phenomenon and deep vein thrombosis as a vascular agent
Breath-holding spells in children
Potentially in stroke and alcoholism, though clinical evidence varies

Safety and Side Effects

Generally well tolerated with low toxicity (oral LD50 in animals very high).
Possible side effects include anxiety, insomnia, irritability, headache, agitation, tremor, somnolence, weight gain, depression, weakness, and increased libido.
May impair platelet aggregation and reduce fibrinogen, so contraindicated in patients with cerebral hemorrhage or bleeding disorders.
Contraindicated in hepatic impairment, severe renal impairment, pregnancy, lactation, and hemorrhagic diathesis.
May impair ability to drive or perform hazardous tasks in some individuals.

Pharmacokinetics

Rapid and almost complete oral absorption with peak plasma levels within 1 hour (fasted state); cerebrospinal fluid peak around 5 hours post-dose.
Absolute bioavailability near 100%.
Linear pharmacokinetics with low intersubject variability over a wide dose range (0.8 to 12 g).
Steady-state plasma concentrations achieved within about 3 days of repeated dosing.

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