USP Standard L-Lysine Monohydrochloride CAS:657-27-2 for Nutritional Supplement

Name

L-Lysine Monohydrochloride

CAS number

657-27-2

Synonym

L-Lysine HCl USP;L-Lysine HCl USP/FCC, Granular;L-Lysine HCl, Feed Grade, 98.5%;L-Lysine HCl, Powder;L-Lysine hydrochloride (feed grade);L-Lysine monohydrochloride (feed grade);L-LYSINEMONOHYDROCHLORIDE,FCC

Related APIs #

L-Arginine
L-Ornithine
L-Glutamine
L-Proline
L-Leucine
L-Isoleucine
L-Valine
L-Methionine
L-Threonine
L-Glycine

Description

Product Overview

L-Lysine Monohydrochloride (L-Lys·HCl) is the high-purity hydrochloride salt of the essential amino acid L-lysine. It is produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum followed by crystallisation under controlled pH conditions . The resulting material is a white to off-white, practically odourless, free-flowing crystalline powder with a theoretical lysine content of 80 % and ≥ 98.5 % assay on a dry basis . It is freely soluble in water (≈ 420 g L⁻¹ at 25 °C), sparingly soluble in ethanol, and virtually insoluble in ether . The product is available in USP/EP/BP/FCC grades and is Kosher, Halal, ISO-FSSC 22000 and FAMI-QS certified, making it suitable for global food, pharmaceutical and feed applications.

Chemical Identity & Structure
• IUPAC name: (2S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride
• Empirical formula: C₆H₁₄N₂O₂ · HCl | Molecular weight: 182.65 g mol⁻¹
• CAS: 657-27-2 | EC: 211-519-9
• Linear structure: H₂N-(CH₂)₄-CH(NH₂)-COOH·HCl
• Stereochemistry: 100 % L-enantiomer (specific optical rotation +20.4° to +22.5°)
• InChI Key: BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N

Functional Properties
• Essential amino acid source: Supplies L-lysine which cannot be synthesised by humans or monogastric animals.
• Protein synthesis driver: Acts as a limiting amino acid in cereals; fortification increases biological value (PER/NPU).
• Calcium & mineral facilitator: Enhances intestinal absorption of Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ through formation of soluble lysine-metal chelates .
• Collagen formation support: Serves as a hydroxylysine precursor for connective-tissue proteins including collagen, elastin and bone matrix.
• Viral antagonist: Competes with arginine in the arginase and viral replication pathways, reducing herpes simplex virus activity .
• Carnitine biosynthesis: Donates the ε-N-trimethyllysine precursor required for β-oxidation and energy metabolism.

Mechanism of Action
At the cellular level, L-lysine is incorporated into proteins via the mRNA-ribosome-tRNA complex, ensuring correct peptide elongation. Its cationic ε-amino group binds electrostatically to negatively charged phosphate groups on DNA and membrane phospholipids, stabilising chromatin and membrane integrity. In bone, lysine up-regulates osteoblastic expression of TGF-β and type I collagen genes, accelerating matrix deposition . Competitive inhibition against arginine occurs through the enzyme arginase, lowering intracellular arginine pools required for viral polyamine synthesis and thus suppressing replication of enveloped viruses such as HSV-1. Additionally, lysine facilitates calcium transport by modulating TRPV6 channels in enterocytes, increasing bone mineral density in both paediatric and geriatric populations.

Physicochemical & Microbiological Specifications (Typical)
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Assay (L-Lys·HCl): 98.5–101.5 % on dried basis
Loss on drying: ≤ 0.4 % (105 °C, 3 h)
Residue on ignition: ≤ 0.1 %
Chloride (Cl⁻): 19.0–19.6 %
Heavy metals (Pb): ≤ 1.5 ppm
As: ≤ 0.5 ppm
Total plate count: ≤ 1000 cfu g⁻¹
Pathogens: Absent (Salmonella, E. coli, Staph. aureus)

Applications by Industry
• Pharmaceutical & Nutraceutical: Tablet, capsule, effervescent and powder formulations for immune support, sports recovery and bone health.
• Infant & Clinical Nutrition: Added to enteral and parenteral solutions to meet lysine requirements of preterm infants and post-surgical patients.
• Food & Beverage: Fortification of breakfast cereals, energy bars, plant-based meat analogues and gluten-free bakery to achieve complete amino-acid profiles.
• Sports Supplements: Synergistic with vitamin B₆ and zinc for muscle repair and growth hormone modulation.
• Animal Feed: Standardised inclusion in swine, poultry and aquafeeds to maximise feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily weight gain.
Packaging, Storage & Shelf-Life
• Standard packs: 25 kg multi-wall kraft bags with PE inner liner, 500 kg and 1000 kg FIBC bulk bags.
• Storage: Keep in original, tightly closed container in a cool (<15 °C), dry and well-ventilated area away from oxidising agents.
• Shelf-life: 60 months from date of manufacture under recommended storage conditions .

Regulatory & Quality Assurance
Manufactured under cGMP and HACCP guidelines. Complies with USP monograph <1230>, European Pharmacopoeia 10.0, FCC 12, GB 1903.25-2016 and Directive 1831/2003/EC for feed additives. Dossiers available: CEP, DMF Type II, TSE/BSE and allergen statement, residual solvent report, GMO-free certificate and sustainability (ISO 14001) documentation.

Handling & Safety
L-Lysine Monohydrochloride is non-hazardous under GHS criteria. Avoid dust formation; use local exhaust ventilation. In case of spillage, sweep up and flush with water. Refer to SDS for detailed PPE recommendations and disposal information.

Molecular Formula

C6H14N2O2.ClH

Molecular Weight

182.65 g/mol

Appearance

White or almost white powder

Quality Standard

Enterprise standard; 98%- 102%(ICP-AES)

Shipping Condition

Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition

Dry, dark and at 0-28 ℃ for short term (days to weeks) or 8-20 ℃ for long term (months to years).

Shelf Life

>2 years if stored properly

Sample package

Double plastic bags inside, fiber drum outside, any quantity available.

Commercial package

Aluminium Tin, Fiber drum

Origin

China