Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate

358.14

358.067566

231-448-7

22ADO53M6F

1129

3082

DTXSID1026039

Colorless, translucent crystals or white powder.|White, hygroscopic powder

2835220000

95.4

-0.82380

White Crystals

1,52 g/cm3

35 °C

158ºC at 760 mmHg

1.429

H2O: 218 g/L (20 ºC)

Store at +15°C to +25°C.

NONE

Saline taste

pKa1 = 2.15; pKa2 = 6.83; pKa3 = 12.38 (phosphoric acid), all at 25 °C

Hygroscopic; converted to sodium pyrophosphate at about 240 °C.|Colorless, rhombic or monoclinic, white powder; 87.4 g sol in 100 cc water at 80 °C; Index of refraction: 1.432, 1.436, 1.437; efflorescent /Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate/|Hygroscopic. On exposure to air will absorb from 2 to 7 mols of water depending on the temperature and humidity.|Crystals or granular powder. Stable in the air. Specific gravity 1.7. Soluble in 4 parts water, more soluble in boiling water; practically insoluble in alcohol. The aqueous solution is alkaline, pH=9.5. /Heptahydrate/

Soluble in water.

Salts, Basic

Strong base; corrosive towards metals e.g. aluminum and zinc. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 947].

UN 3077 9 / PGIII

1

24/25

TC5725000

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P33, P313

H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Disodium phosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.|Disodium phosphate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.|Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/|Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a sequesterant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/|For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.

Behavior in Fire: May melt with loss of steam (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H318 (22.86%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310, and P337+P313|Aggregated GHS information provided by 984 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

U.S. Bu. Mines toxic dust mask; protective gloves; chemical- type goggles; full-cover clothing (USCG, 1999)|Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

Nonflammable

If material is on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

Behavior in fire: May melt with loss of steam. /Sodium Phosphates/

/SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./Environmental Consideration: Land spill Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.|Environmental Consideration: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|If material is not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Personnel Protection: Keep upwind. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

Dust: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. If inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Solid: Irritating to skin and eyes.|A skin and eye irritant.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Separated from strong acids.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

In August of 1987, 30,000 gallons of sodium phosphate was spilled into the Arthur Krill waterway, NY(1).

Intamuscular LD50 of 250mg/kg and oral LD50 of 8290 mg/kg reported in rats. Phosphate toxicity is likely due to the disturbance of other electrolytes when phosphate levels are high, producing symptoms including tetany, dehydration, hypotension, tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, cardiac arrest and coma. Risk of raising phosphate levels through use of sodium phosphate appears to be higher in smaller patients.

Except for D-thyroxine, the hypocholesterolemic agents tested did not prevent the formation of cardiac lesions in rats on a thrombogenic diet, being treated with large doses of disodium phosphate.|Disodium phosphate increased the antirachitic activity of vitamin D3 in 3 week old rats.|Concurrent use with potassium and sodium phosphates combination or monobasic potassium phosphate may increase plasma concentrations of salicylates since salicylate excretion is decreased in acidified urine; addition of these phosphates to patients stabilized on a salicylate may lead to toxic salicylate concentrations.|Concurrent use with foods or medicines containing phosphates will decrease iron absorption because of the formation of less soluble or insoluble complexes; iron supplements should not be taken within 1 hour before or 2 hours after ingestion of phosphates. /Phosphates/|For more Interactions (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g. The corrosive effect is strong irritation and erythema, blistering. /Alkalies and phosphates; from table/

LD50 Rat oral 17 g/kg

/Saline laxatives/ are tolerated reasonably well by most patients. However, they need to be used with caution or avoided in patients with renal insufficiency, cardiac disease, or preexisting electrolyte abnormalities and in patients on diuretic therapy. /Saline laxatives/|Phosphate should not be given to patients with impaired renal function or hyperphosphatemia. They should not be given to patients with alkaline urine due to urinary tract infections because increased calcium and phosphate concentrations in the alkaline urine increase the risk of calcium phosphate stones. /Monobasic or dibasic sodium or potassium phosphate/

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,230,592 workers (912,048 of these were female) were potentially exposed to disodium hydrogen phosphate in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to disodium hydrogen phosphate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where disodium hydrogen phosphate is produced or used(SRC).

Used to treat constipation or to clean the bowel before a colonoscopy.

Cathartics|Sodium Phosphates Injection, USP, ... is indicated as a source of phosphorus, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids, to prevent or correct hypophosphatemia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. It is also useful as an additive for preparing specific parenteral fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions. /Included in US product label/|Visicol tablets are indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults 18 years of age or older. /Included in US product label/|Although sodium and/or potassium phosphates have been used in the treatment of hypercalcemia, USP medical advisory panels do not recommend this use since these medications have been replaced by safer and more effective agents. /Phosphates/|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BOXED WARNING/ There have been rare, but serious reports of acute phosphate nephropathy in patients who received oral sodium phosphate products for colon cleansing prior to colonoscopy. Some cases have resulted in permanent impairment of renal function and some patients required long-term dialysis. While some cases have occurred in patients without identifiable risk factors, patients at increased risk of acute phosphate nephropathy may include those with increased age, hypovolemia, increased bowel transit time (such as bowel obstruction), active colitis, or baseline kidney disease, and those using medicines that affect renal perfusion or function (such as diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and possibly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)).|FDA has become aware of reports of acute phosphate nephropathy, a type of acute kidney injury, associated with the use of oral sodium phosphate products (OSP) for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy or other procedures. These products include the prescription products, Visicol and OsmoPrep, and OSPs available over-the-counter without a prescription as laxatives (e.g., Fleet Phospho-soda). In some cases when used for bowel cleansing, these serious adverse events have occurred in patients without identifiable factors that would put them at risk for developing acute kidney injury. We cannot rule out, however, that some of these patients were dehydrated prior to ingestion of OSPs or they did not drink sufficient fluids after ingesting OSP. Acute phosphate nephropathy is a form of acute kidney injury that is associated with deposits of calcium-phosphate crystals in the renal tubules that may result in permanent renal function impairment. Acute phosphate nephropathy is a rare, serious adverse event that has been associated with the use of OSPs. The occurrence of these events was previously described in an Information for Healthcare Professionals sheet and an FDA Science Paper issued in May 2006. Additional cases of acute phosphate nephropathy have been reported to FDA and described in the literature since these were issued. Individuals who appear to have an increased risk of acute phosphate nephropathy following the use of OSPs include persons: who are over age 55; who are hypovolemic or have decreased intravascular volume; who have baseline kidney disease, bowel obstruction, or active colitis; and who are using medications that affect renal perfusion or function (such as diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], and possibly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]). As a result of new safety information received, FDA is requiring the manufacturer of Visicol and OsmoPrep, the two OSPs available by prescription only, to add a Boxed Warning to the labeling for these products. FDA is also requiring that the manufacturer develop and implement a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS), which will include a Medication Guide, to ensure that the benefits of these products outweigh the risk of acute phosphate nephropathy, and to conduct a postmarketing clinical trial to further assess the risk of acute kidney injury with use of these products.|This phosphate should not be confused with tribasic sodium phosphate which is very alkaline and has caustic action.|Oral administration is safer, but careful monitoring of serum electrolyte levels and renal function is necessary. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur and may be dose dependent. Concomitant use of antacids containing aluminum and/or magnesium should be avoided, because they may bind phosphate and prevent it absorption (calcium antacids also may bind phosphate, and it is assumed that these agents are not given to hypercalcemic patients). /Monobasic or dibasic sodium or potassium phosphate/|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (57 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g.

Sodium phosphate inceases fecal water content to increase mobility through the large intestine.

Tmax for phosphate absorption with orally administered liquid sodium phosphate is 1-3h.|... Phosphates (dibasic and monobasic sodium phosphate) are slowly and incompletely absorbed. /Dibasic and Monobasic Sodium phosphate/|Net phosphorus absorption may occur in the small intestine in some species but is primarily a function of the colon in horses. /Phosphorus/|Elimination: Renal (90%) and fecal (10%). /Phosphates/|Ingested phosphates are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the presence of large amounts of calcium or aluminum may lead to formation of insoluble phosphate and reduce the net absorption. Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption. /Phosphates/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Sodium phosphate is thought to work by increasing the amount of solute present in the intestinal lumen thereby creating an osmotic gradient which draws water into the lumen.|At the renal distal tubule, the secretion of hydrogen by the tubular cell in exchange for sodium in the tubular urine converts dibasic phosphate salts to monobasic phosphate salts. Therefore, large amounts of acid can be excreted without lowering the pH of the urine to a degree that would block hydrogen transport by a high concentration gradient between the tubular cell and luminal fluid. /Phosphates/

Inhalation of heavy dust may irritate nose and throat. Ingestion may injure mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract, resulting in nausea, vomiting, cramps and diarrhea; pain and burning in mouth may occur. Contact with eyes produces local irritation; can lead to chronic damage. Contact with skin produces local irritation; repeated or prolonged contact can lead to dermatitis. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /Saline laxatives/ are tolerated reasonably well by most patients. However, they need to be used with caution or avoided in patients with renal insufficiency, cardiac disease, or preexisting electrolyte abnormalities and in patients on diuretic therapy. Under these circumstances, there should be monitoring for hypermagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and hypocalcemia. /Saline laxatives/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g. The corrosive effect is strong irritation and erythema, blistering. /Alkalies and phosphates; from table/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inorganic phosphate poisoning following ingestion of laxatives that contain phosphate salts has been reported in adults and children. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate lowers urinary pH. If excessive phosphate salts are introduced intravenously or orally, they may prove toxic by reducing the concentration of Ca 2+ in the circulation and from the precipitation of calcium phosphate in soft tissues. /Phosphate ion/ /Phospahte salt laxatives/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Anhydrous form may cause mild irritation to skin, mucous membranes; internally causes purging.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

dibasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

57-67% as a food additive, mainly as an emulsifier in processed cheese; 24-29% as an industrial and institutional detergent builder and in water treatment; 10-14% in misc applications (pharmaceuticals, cattle feed supplement, in various textile processes and for export) (1973)

Sodium Phosphates Injection, USP, 3 mM P/mL (millimoles/mL)... Each mL contains 276 mg of monobasic sodium phosphate, monohydrate and 142 mg of dibasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous (equivalent to 268 mg of dibasic sodium phosphate, heptahydrate). ... It contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer.|Sodium Phosphate preparations: (AHFS, 2009)|Visicol (sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, USP, and sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous, USP)... Each tablet contains 1.102 grams of sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, USP and 0.398 grams of sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous, USP for a total of 1.5 grams of sodium phosphate per tablet. Inert ingredients include microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), NF; magnesium stearate, NF; and colloidal silicon dioxide, NF. Visicol is gluten-free.|Sodium phosphate and sodium biphosphate enema USP ... dosage forms-- enema USP: 6% sodium phosphate and 16% sodium biphosphate; sodium phosphate and sodium biphosphate oral solution USP ... dosage forms-- solution USP: 18% sodium phosphate and 48% sodium biphosphate.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2): ACTIVE|Incompatibilities: alkaloids, antipyrine, chloral hydrate, lead acetate, pyrogallol, resorcinol.|Addition of disodium phosphate to pickle /solution for cured meat/ ... had no effect on ... Staphylococci.|... Gelling strength of agar gel was significantly increased by addition of 0.12-0.3% disodium phosphate.|... Increases binding properties of fish proteins ... .|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Method: NIOSH 7300, Issue 3; Procedure: inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy (nitric/perchloric acid ashing); Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 3.7 ng/mL. /Phosphorus/|Method: NIOSH 7301, Issue 1; Procedure: inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy (aqua regia ashing); Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 3.7 ng/mL. /Phosphorus/|Method: NIOSH 7303, Issue 2; Procedure: inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy (hot block/HCl/HNo3 digestiion; Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.3 ug/mL. /Phosphorus/|Method: NIOSH 7905, Issue 2; Procedure: gas chromatography, flame photometric detector (phosphorus mode); Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.005 ug/sample. /Phosphorus/|Method: NIOSH 9102, Issue 1; Procedure: inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy; Analyte: phosphorus; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.043 ug/wipe. /Phosphorus/

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