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BOPTA

BOPTA structure

BOPTA 

structure
  • CAS No:

    113786-33-7

  • Formula:

    C22H31N3O11

  • Chemical Name:

    BOPTA

  • Synonyms:

    12-Oxa-3,6,9-triazatridecanoic acid,10-carboxy-3,6,9-tris(carboxymethyl)-13-phenyl-;2-Oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan-13-oic acid,4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-phenyl-;10-Carboxy-3,6,9-tris(carboxymethyl)-13-phenyl-12-oxa-3,6,9-triazatridecanoic acid;BOPTA;B 19036;4-Carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-phenyl-2-oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan-13-oic acid

BOPTA Basic Attributes

513.49504

513.49

Hygroscopic powder

Characteristics

205

-7.1

1.446

124 °C

Freely soluble in water|Soluble in methanol; practically insoluble in n-butanol, n-octanol, chloroform

Store at 25 °C (77 °F), excursions permitted to 15-30 °C (59-86 °F). Do not freeze.

Supplied as a sterile, non-pyrogenic, clear, colorless aqueous solution /Multihance/

Safety Information

SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals disposal should carefully take into consideration all applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including gadobenate dimeglumine, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

Toxicity

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance) is a contract agent for MRI studies, supplied as a colorless to slightly yellow, aqueous solution intended for intravenous use only. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs in these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrasted MRI or other modalities. NSF may result in fatal or debilitating systemic fibrosis affecting the skin, muscle and internal organs. The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with: chronic, severe kidney disease, or acute kidney injury. Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (older than 60 years, hypertension or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing. For patients at highest risk for NSF, do not exceed the recommended MultiHance dose and allow a sufficient period of time for elimination of the drug from the body prior to re-administration. Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions have been reported, involving cardiovascular, respiratory, and/or cutaneous manifestations. Some patients experienced circulatory collapse and died. Cardiac arrhythmias have been observed in patients receiving MultiHance in clinical trials. The mutagenic potential of gadobenate dimeglumine was studied by the chromosome aberration test in cultured human lymphocytes. The agent induced no increase in the incidence of aberrant cells or polyploid cells in any treatments both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Thus, it is concluded that gadobenate dimeglumine has shown no evidence of clastogenic or polyploidy-inducing activity under these experimental conditions. ANIMAL STUDIES: To support the clinical use of gadobenate dimeglumine for injection as an intravascular magnetic resonance imaging contrast medium through an extensive battery of toxicological safety studies. Single and multiple dose toxicity, reproduction and mutagenicity assessments were carried out in rodents and non-rodents. Initial adverse clinical signs in monkeys were associated with a systemic exposure 34 times higher than that found in humans after 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine. Good systemic tolerance was observed in repeated dose toxicity studies. In experimental conditions of focal brain ischemia associated with blood-brain barrier lesions, gadobenate dimeglumine was well tolerated up to doses even 10 times higher than the maximum clinical dose (0.3 mmol/kg) intended for brain imaging procedures. Reproductive performance and physical and behavioral development of offspring were unaffected in rats. However, MultiHance has been shown to be teratogenic in rabbits when given intravenously administered at 2 mmol/kg/day (6 times the human dose based on body surface area) during organogenesis (day 6 to 18) inducing microphthalmia/small eye and/or focal retinal fold in 3 fetuses from 3 separate litters. In addition, MultiHance intravenously administered at 3 mmol/kg/day (10 times the human dose based on body surface area) has been shown to increase intrauterine deaths in rabbits. Mutagenicity tests excluded any genotoxic potential of gadobenate dimeglumine. The results were negative in the following genetic toxicity studies: 1) in vitro bacteria reverse mutation assays, 2) an in vitro gene mutation assay in mammalian cells, 3) an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay, 4) an in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis assay, and 5) an in vivo micronucleus assay in rats.

MultiHance and other drugs may compete for the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (MOAT also referred to as MRP2 or ABCC2). Therefore MultiHance may prolong the systemic exposure of drugs such as cisplatin, antracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin, daunorubicin), vinca alkaloids (e.g. vincristine), methotrexate, etoposide, tamoxifen, and paclitaxel. In particular, consider the potential for prolonged drug exposure in patients with decreased MOAT activity (e.g. Dubin Johnson syndrome).

LD50 Mouse iv 5.7 mmol/kg (at 1 mL/min), 7.9 mmol/kg (at 0.2 mL/min)|LD50 Rat iv 6.6 mmol/kg (at 6 mL/min), 9.2 mmol/kg (at 1 mL/min)|LD50 Rat (male) intracisternal 0.42 mmol/kg|LD50 Rat (female) intracisternal 0.25 mmol/kg

Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions have been reported, involving cardiovascular, respiratory, and/or cutaneous manifestations. Some patients experienced circulatory collapse and died. ... Consider the risk for hypersensitivity reactions, especially in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions or a history of asthma or other allergic disorders. Observe patients for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction during and for up to 2 hours after MultiHance administration.|Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs in these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrasted MRI or other modalities. NSF may result in fatal or debilitating systemic fibrosis affecting the skin, muscle and internal organs. The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with: chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 sq m), or acute kidney injury. Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (e.g. age > 60 years, hypertension or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing. For patients at highest risk for NSF, do not exceed the recommended MultiHance dose and allow a sufficient period of time for elimination of the drug from the body prior to re-administration.|Cardiac arrhythmias have been observed in patients receiving MultiHance in clinical trials. Assess patients for underlying conditions or medications that predispose to arrhythmias.|In patients with renal insufficiency, acute renal failure requiring dialysis or worsening renal function have occurred with the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents. The risk of renal failure may increase with increasing dose of the contrast agent. Screen all patients for renal dysfunction by obtaining a history and/or laboratory tests. Consider follow-up renal function assessments for patients with a history of renal dysfunction.

Gadolinium dimeglumine's use as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The elements of the lanthanide series typically occur as the +3 ion either in solution or in compounds(1). Based on the Gd3+/Gd reduction potential of -2.28 V(1), gadolinium(III) ions do not undergo oxidation-reduction reactions under normal environmental conditions(SRC). Gadolinium ions are likely to adsorb to soils(SRC). In general, metal cations in solution are attracted to the negatively charged surfaces of soil particles(2). The extent of adsorption of metal ions to soils depends on the pH, the mineral content, and organic content of the soil(2). Gadolinium compounds do not volatilize from dry or moist soil surfaces due to their ionic character(SRC).

Bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process due to the ionic nature of gadolinium compounds. (SRC)

Ionic gadolinium compounds will not volatilize from dry or moist soils or from water surfaces. (SRC)

While data specific to gadobenate dimeglumine were not located(SRC, 2014), the literature suggests that some contrast agents originating from human and veterinary therapy are not eliminated completely in municipal sewage treatment plants and are therefore discharged into receiving waters(1). Wastewater treatment processes often were not designed to remove them from the effluent(2).

EXPERIMENTAL: It is not known to what extent gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in human milk. It is known from rat experiments that less than 0.5% of the administered dose is transferred via milk from mother to neonates.|EXPERIMENTAL: Studies in rats have shown that less than 0.5% of the administered dose is transferred from the mothers' milk to neonates.

Occupational exposure to gadolinium compounds may occur through dermal contact with these compounds at workplaces where gadolinium is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to gadolinium compounds via ingestion of contaminated drinking water. Limited monitoring data indicate that exposure may occur via ingestion of contaminated food and inhalation. Direct exposure to gadolinium compounds among the general population will also be to those administered contrast agents containing gadolinium prior to MRI procedures. (SRC)

Drug Information

Contrast Media|MultiHance is indicated for intravenous use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults and children over 2 years of age to visualize lesions with abnormal blood brain barrier or abnormal vascularity of the brain, spine, and associated tissues. /Included in US product labeling/|MultiHance is indicated for use in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to evaluate adults with known or suspected renal or aorto-ilio-femoral occlusive vascular disease. /Included in US product label/|A study was conducted to compare gadobenate dimeglumine (Multihance) with other commercially available MRI contrast agents for the detection of intracranial metastases ... A retrospective assessment was performed on MR images from 22 patients enrolled in a prior phase II clinical trial of gadobenate dimeglumine. Each patient underwent two examinations: a first examination with one of three "comparator" agents (gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadodiamide, and gadoterate meglumine) at a dosage of either 0.1 or 0.2 mmol/kg, and then a similar examination with gadobenate dimeglumine at equal dosage. All images were evaluated randomly for lesion number and location in unpaired and then paired fashion by two independent, masked neuroradiologists. A third assessor performed quantitative assessments on the available complete sets of digitally recorded images (10 cases) ... The findings for the comparator agents were pooled. Sensitivity for lesion detection with gadobenate dimeglumine (93%-100%) was markedly superior to that of comparator-enhanced examinations (65%-73%). The increase of lesion-to-brain contrast of the main lesion was consistently greater with gadobenate dimeglumine than with comparator agents relative to unenhanced contrast (+43% vs. +27%) ... Gadobenate dimeglumine proved to be a more efficacious agent than comparator contrast agents for the detection of intracranial metastatic lesions: superior efficacy was noted by both reviewers for total lesion count as well as for sensitivity and positive predictive value for lesion detection. The higher relaxivity of gadobenate dimeglumine might explain the superior sensitivity of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI for the detection of central nervous system metastases.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for GADOBENATE DIMEGLUMINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS. Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs in these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrasted MRI or other modalities. NSF may result in fatal or debilitating systemic fibrosis affecting the skin, muscle and internal organs. The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with: chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 sq m), or acute kidney injury. Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (e.g. age > 60 years, hypertension or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing. For patients at highest risk for NSF, do not exceed the recommended MultiHance dose and allow a sufficient period of time for elimination of the drug from the body prior to re-administration.|Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs among these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrast enhanced MRI or other modalities. The GBCA-associated NSF risk appears highest for patients with chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 sq m) as well as patients with acute kidney injury. The risk appears lower for patients with chronic, moderate kidney disease (GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 sq m) and little, if any, for patients with chronic, mild kidney disease (GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 sq m). NSF may result in fatal or debilitating fibrosis affecting the skin, muscle and internal organs. ... Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. Features of acute kidney injury consist of rapid (over hours to days) and usually reversible decrease in kidney function, commonly in the setting of surgery, severe infection, injury or drug-induced kidney toxicity. Serum creatinine levels and estimated GFR may not reliably assess renal function in the setting of acute kidney injury. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (e.g., age > 60 years, diabetes mellitus or chronic hypertension), estimate the GFR through laboratory testing. Among the factors that may increase the risk for NSF are repeated or higher than recommended doses of a GBCA and the degree of renal impairment at the time of exposure. Record the specific GBCA and the dose administered to a patient. For patients at highest risk for NSF, do not exceed the recommended MultiHance dose and allow a sufficient period of time for elimination of the drug prior to re-administration. For patients receiving hemodialysis, physicians may consider the prompt initiation of hemodialysis following the administration of a GBCA in order to enhance the contrast agent's elimination. The usefulness of hemodialysis in the prevention of NSF is unknown|Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions have been reported, involving cardiovascular, respiratory, and/or cutaneous manifestations. Some patients experienced circulatory collapse and died. In most cases, initial symptoms occurred within minutes of MultiHance administration and resolved with prompt emergency treatment. Prior to MultiHance administration, ensure the availability of personnel trained and medications to treat hypersensitivity reactions. If such a reaction occurs stop MultiHance and immediately begin appropriate therapy. Additionally, consider the risk for hypersensitivity reactions, especially in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions or a history of asthma or other allergic disorders. Observe patients for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction during and for up to 2 hours after MultiHance administration.|FDA Pregnancy Risk Category: C /RISK CANNOT BE RULED OUT. Adequate, well controlled human studies are lacking, and animal studies have shown risk to the fetus or are lacking as well. There is a chance of fetal harm if the drug is given during pregnancy; but the potential benefits may outweigh the potential risk./|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for GADOBENATE DIMEGLUMINE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues. (See all compounds classified as Contrast Media.)

Gadobenate ion has a rapid distribution half-life (reported as mean + or - SD) of 0.084 + or - 0.012 to 0.605 + or - 0.072 hours. Volume of distribution of the central compartment ranged from 0.074:: 0.017 to 0.158 :: 0.038 L/kg, and estimates of volume of distribution by area ranged from 0.170+ or - 0.016 to 0.282+ or - 0.079 L/kg. These latter estimates are approximately equivalent to the average volume of extracellular body water in man. In vitro studies showed no appreciable binding of gadobenate ion to human serum proteins. /Gadobenate ion/|... The pharmacokinetics were evaluated in rats, rabbits, dogs and monkeys after iv injections of non-labelled gadobenate dimeglumine and, for biodistribution studies, (153)-Gd-labelled gadobenate dimeglumine. Assays were performed by high performance liquid chromatography, X-ray fluorescence and gamma spectrometry. The binding of gadobenate ion to animal and human serum albumin was studied by equilibrium dialysis. ... After iv injection gadobenate dimeglumine distributes into plasma and extracellular fluid as well as into the intrahepatocytic space. Gadobenate ion is cleared from plasma by renal and biliary excretion. It does not accumulate in specific tissues, except temporarily in tissues related to its elimination. Gadobenate ion is not metabolized. Its binding to plasma proteins is too weak to be detected by equilibrium dialysis. ...|Gadobenate ion is eliminated predominately via the kidneys, with 78% to 96% of an administered dose recovered in the urine. Total plasma clearance and renal clearance estimates of gadobenate ion were similar, ranging from 0.093 + or - 0.010 to 0.133 + o r- 0.270 L/hr/kg and 0.082+ or - 0.007 to 0.104 + or - 0.039 L/hr/kg, respectively. The clearance is similar to that of substances that are subject to glomerular filtration. The mean elimination half-life ranged from 1.17+ or - 0.26 to 2.02 + or - 0.60 hours. A small percentage ofthe administered dose (0.6% to 4%) is eliminated via the biliary route and recovered in feces.|It is not known to what extent gadobenate dimeglumine is excreted in human milk. It is known from rat experiments that less than 0.5% of the administered dose is transferred via milk from mother to neonates.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for GADOBENATE DIMEGLUMINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

There was no detectable biotransformation of gadobenate ion. Dissociation of gadobenate ion in vivo has been shown to be minimal, with less than 1% of the free chelating agent being recovered alone in feces.

Gadobenate ion is eliminated predominately via the kidneys, with 78% to 96% of an administered dose recovered in the urine. ... The mean elimination half-life ranged from 1.17+ or - 0.26 to 2.02 + or - 0.60 hours. ...|... Fifteen children scheduled to undergo contrast-enhanced MRI for suspected disease of the central nervous system received a single intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine. ... 1.2 hr for terminal elimination half-life were determined across all age groups combined.|A single intravenous dose of 0.2 mmol/kg of Multihance was administered to 11 subjects (5 males and 6 females) with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis ... . The mean elimination half-life on dialysis was 1.21 + or - 0.29 hours as compared with 42.4 + or - 24.4 hours when off dialysis.|A single intravenous dose of 0.2 mmol/kg of Multihance was administered to 20 subjects with impaired renal function (6 men and 3 women with moderate renal impairment (urine creatinine clearance > 30 to < 60 mL/min) and 5 men and 6 women with severe renal impairment (urine creatinine clearance > 10 to < 30 mL/min)). Mean estimates of the elimination half-life were 6.1 + or - 3.0 and 9.5 + or - 3.1 hours for the moderate and severe renal impairment groups, respectively as compared with 1.0 to 2.0 hours in healthy volunteers.|Gadobenate ion has a rapid distribution half-life (reported as mean + or - SD) of 0.084 + or - 0.012 to 0.605 + or - 0.072 hours.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/|Treatment of an overdosage should be directed toward support of vital functions and prompt institution of symptomatic therapy. In a Phase 1 clinical study, doses up to 0.4 mmol/kg were administered to patients. MultiHance has been shown to be dialyzable

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs in these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrasted MRI or other modalities. NSF may result in fatal or debilitating systemic fibrosis affecting the skin, muscle and internal organs. The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with: chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 sq m), or acute kidney injury. Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (e.g. age > 60 years, hypertension or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing. For patients at highest risk for NSF, do not exceed the recommended MultiHance dose and allow a sufficient period of time for elimination of the drug from the body prior to re-administration.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions have been reported, involving cardiovascular, respiratory, and/or cutaneous manifestations. Some patients experienced circulatory collapse and died. ... Consider the risk for hypersensitivity reactions, especially in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions or a history of asthma or other allergic disorders. Observe patients for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction during and for up to 2 hours after MultiHance administration.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cardiac arrhythmias have been observed in patients receiving MultiHance in clinical trials. Assess patients for underlying conditions or medications that predispose to arrhythmias.|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... A total of 924 subjects were enrolled in 10 clinical trials in which gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) was compared with gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA). Of these subjects, 893 were patients with known or suspected disease and 31 were healthy adult volunteers. Of the 893 patients, 174 were pediatric subjects (aged two days to 17 years) referred for MRI of the brain or spine. Safety evaluations included monitoring vital signs, laboratory values, and adverse events (AE) ... The rate of AE in adults was similar between the two agents (Gd-BOPTA: 51/561, 9.1%; Gd-DTPA: 33/472, 7.0%; P = 0.22). In parallel-group studies in which subjects were randomized to either agent, the rate of AE was 10.9% for Gd-BOPTA and 7.9% for Gd-DTPA (P = 0.21). In the subset of subjects receiving both agents in intraindividual crossover trials, the rate of AE was 8.0% for Gd-BOPTA and 8.5% for Gd-DTPA (P = 0.84). Results of other safety assessments (laboratory tests, vital signs) were similar for the two agents ... The safety profile of Gd-BOPTA is similar to Gd-DTPA in patients and volunteers. Both compounds are equally well-tolerated in patients with various disease states undergoing MRI.|/GENOTOXICITY/ The mutagenic potential of gadobenate dimeglumine formulation (E7155) was studied by the chromosome aberration test in cultured human lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes were exposed to E7155 at 0.078 to 10 mM both in the presence and absence of S-9 mix derived from rat livers. Three dose levels (2.5 to 10 mM) were selected for the metaphase analysis. E7155 induced no increase in the incidence of aberrant cells or polyploid cells in any treatments both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Thus, it is concluded that E7155 has shown no evidence of clastogenic or polyploidy-inducing activity under these experimental conditions.

3,6,9-triaza-12-oxa-3,6,9-tricarboxymethylene-10-carboxy-13-phenyltridecanoic acid, gadolinium

BOPTA Use and Manufacturing

Methods of Manufacturing

Preparation: E. Felder et al, European Patent Office patent 230893; eidem, United States of America patent 4916246 (1987, 1990 both to Bracco).

Uses

Contrast Media|Diagnostic aid (MRI contrast agent)|MEDICATION|Typical contrast agents are gadolinium-based compounds that possess a higher linear attenuation coefficient than soft tissues. /Contrast agents/

MultiHance injection is supplied as a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear, colorless to slightly yellow, aqueous solution intended for intravenous use only. Each mL of MultiHance contains 529 mg gadobenate dimeglumine and water for injection. MultiHance contains no preservatives..

Analyte: gadobenate; matrix: blood (plasma), urine, feces, bile, tissue (liver); procedure: reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 210 nm; limit of detection: 0.16 ug/mL (plasma), 0.31 ug/mL (urine), 1.7 ug/mL (feces), 0.42 ug/mL (bile) and 1.9 ug/mL (liver) /gadobenate/|Analyte: gadobenate; matrix: blood (plasma), urine, bile; procedure: reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 210 nm; limit of detection: 0.73 ug/mL (plasma), 5.1 ug/mL (urine), 1.1 ug/mL (bile)

Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:513.5
XLogP3:-7.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:14
Rotatable Bond Count:20
Exact Mass:513.19585881
Monoisotopic Mass:513.19585881
Topological Polar Surface Area:205
Heavy Atom Count:36
Complexity:727
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

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